Battleshort
Battleshort (sometimes "battle short") is a condition in which some military equipment can be placed so it does not shut down when circumstances would be damaging to the equipment or personnel. The origin of the term is to bridge or "short" the fuses of an electrical apparatus before entering combat, so that the fuse blowing will not stop the equipment from operating.
According to Allied Ordnance Publication AOP-38-3,[1] a NATO publication, a battleshort is "The capability to bypass certain safety features in a system to ensure completion of the mission without interruption due to the safety feature." It also says, "Examples of bypassed safety features are circuit overload protection, and protection against overheating".[1]
In peaceful situations one would want equipment to shut down so it is not damaged. In a battle or emergency, where the survival of the vessel (or other protected asset) is dependent upon the continued operation of the equipment, it is sometimes wiser to risk equipment damage than have the equipment shut down when it is needed. For example, the electrical drives to elevate and traverse the guns of a combat warship may have "battleshort" fuses, which are simply copper bars of the correct size to fit the fuse holders, as failure to return fire in a combat situation is a greater threat to the ship and crew than damaging or overheating the electrical motors.
Battleshorts have been used in some non-combat situations as well, including the Firing Room/Mission Control spaces at NASA during the crewed Apollo missions – specifically the Moon landings.[2][3] Similar measures can be used on the pumps for fire sprinkler systems, with protective devices bypassed when alarms are activated. The justification is that any damage to the pumps is less than the potential loss of the building.
See also
[edit]- Kill switch
- War emergency power
- USS South Dakota (BB-57), which suffered an electrical problem while under fire during the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal
References
[edit]- ^ a b AOP-38, Allied Ordnance Publication 38, Edition 3, Glossary of terms and definitions concerning the safety and suitability for service of munitions, explosives and related products, April 2002.
- ^ French, Francis; Burgess, Colin (2007). In the Shadow of the Moon: A Challenging Journey to Tranquility, 1965–1969. Outward Odyssey: A People's History of Spaceflight. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-0984-8.
Before we go into any critical phase in Mission Control, we always go into 'Battle Short.' The Flight director makes the call, we lock the circuit breakers and bolt the doors, and nobody can get in or out.
- ^ Sullivan, Bryan (January 2013). "Honeysuckle Creek: Apollo Tracking Operations, How it all worked". Retrieved 2019-01-02.
Each computer, being of the militarized type, was fitted with a special control panel switch labeled 'battle short'. When selected, the battle short function bypassed all of the safety features such as under voltage, over voltage, high temperature, and cooling fan failure conditions. The battle short switches were used for very short time periods during certain Apollo mission critical events or maneuvers e.g. Apollo 8 Lunar Orbit Insertion (LOI).