Blanford's lark
| Blanford's lark | |
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| C. blanfordi (bottom, right) | |
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| Species: | C. blanfordi
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| Binomial name | |
| Calandrella blanfordi (Shelley, 1902)
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Blanford's lark[2] or Blanford's short-toed lark (Calandrella blanfordi) is a small passerine bird of the lark family, Alaudidae, which is native to north-east Africa and Arabia. Its common name commemorates the English zoologist William Thomas Blanford.
Taxonomy and systematics
Blanford's lark was formerly included in either the greater short-toed lark (C. brachydactyla) or the red-capped lark (C. cinerea) but is now commonly treated as a separate species. Erlanger's lark was formerly considered as a subspecies of Blanford's lark (as C. b. erlangeri or C. b. fuertesi).[3] Alternate names for Blanford's lark include Blandford's lark, Blandford's short-toed lark and Blanford's red-capped lark.[4]
Subspecies
Three subspecies are recognized:[5]
- C. b. eremica - (Reichenow & Peters, JL, 1932): Originally described as a separate species in the genus Spizocorys. Found in south-western Arabia
- C. b. blanfordi - (Shelley, 1902): Found in northern Eritrea
- C. b. daaroodensis - White, CMN, 1960: Found in northern Somalia
C. b. eremica and C. b. daaroodensis are recognised as subspecies of a separate species, the Rufous-capped lark (C. eremica) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive and by Birdlife International.[6][7]
Description
Blanford's lark is 14–15 centimetres long. The upperparts are pale sandy-brown with some darker streaking and the crown is rufous. The underparts are pale and plain apart from a small dark patch on the side of the neck made up of vertical streaks. The greater short-toed lark is similar but has a greyer, more-streaked crown. Erlanger's and red-capped larks have darker upperparts with more streaking and a darker rufous crown. Erlanger's lark has larger dark neck-patches while in red-capped lark the patches are rufous.
Blanford's lark has a sparrow-like flight-call. The song is given in a circular song-flight and includes a mixture of chew-chew-chew-chew notes and fluid phrases.
Habitat and movements
They occur on open stony plains, often with bushes. In Arabia, it breeds between 1800 and 2500 metres above sea-level with some birds dispersing to lower ground in winter. The species is often seen in flocks outside the breeding season.
References
- ^ BirdLife International (2017). "Calandrella blanfordi". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017. IUCN: e.T103766090A112872569. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T103766090A112872569.en. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
- ^ ENGLISH NAME UPDATES - IOC Version 2.9 (July 10, 2011) Archived November 7, 2011, at WebCite, IOC World Bird List
- ^ "Calandrella erlangeri - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
- ^ "Calandrella blanfordi - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
- ^ "IOC World Bird List 6.4". IOC World Bird List Datasets. doi:10.14344/ioc.ml.6.4.
- ^ del Hoyo, J.; Collar, N. (2017). "Rufous-capped Lark (Calandrella eremica)". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
- ^ BirdLife International (2017). "BirdLife International Checklist Version 9.1" (xlsx). www.birdlife.org. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
- Arlott, Norman (2007) Birds of the Palearctic: Passerines, HarperCollins, London.
- Beolens, Bo & Watkins, Michael (2003) Whose Bird?: Men and women commemorated in the common names of birds, Christopher Helm, London.
- Hollom, P. A. D.; Porter, R. F.; Christensen, S. & Willis, Ian (1988) Birds of the Middle East and North Africa, T & AD Poyser, Calton, England.
- Sinclair, Ian & Ryan, Peter (2003) Birds of Africa south of the Sahara, Struik, Cape Town.