Bombinatoridae
Bombinatoridae Temporal range:
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Bombina variegata | |
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Family: | Bombinatoridae
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Distribution of Bombinatoridae (in black) |
Bombinatoridae are often referred to as Fire-bellied toads because of their brightly colored ventral sides, which show that they are highly toxic to humans. This family includes two genera, Barbourula and Bombina, both of which have flattened bodies.
Bombina are warty, aquatic toads about 7 centimetres (2.8 in) in length, and most noted for the bright bellies. They often display the unken reflex when disturbed; the animal will arch its back and limbs to expose the bright belly, and may turn over on its back. This acts as a warning to predators.[1] The vocal behavior of some Bombina is unusual in that the call is produced during inhalation rather than exhalation as in other frogs. They lay pigmented eggs in ponds.
Barbourula occur in the Philippine Islands and Borneo, while Bombina species are found throughout Eurasia. They are slightly less colored than Bombina, and possess webbed fingers in addition to webbed toes. Tadpoles of Barbourula are unknown[vague].
Barbourula was considered to be situated intermediate between Discoglossus and Bombina, but closer to the latter, and was therefore also added to the Bombinatoridae when that family was split from the Discoglossidae.
Fossil Bombina are known from the Pliocene to the Pleistocene; there are no known fossils of Barbourula.
Species
Family BOMBINATORIDAE
- Genus Barbourula
- Barbourula busuangensis - Busuanga Jungle Toad
- Barbourula kalimantanensis - Kalimantan Jungle Toad
- Genus Bombina
- Bombina bombina - Common Firebelly Toad
- Bombina fortinuptialis - Guangxi Firebelly Toad
- Bombina lichuanensis - Lichuan Firebelly Toad
- Bombina maxima - Yunnan Firebelly Toad
- Bombina microdeladigitora - Hubei Firebelly Toad
- Bombina orientalis - Oriental Firebelly Toad
- Bombina pachypus - Apennine Firebelly Toad
- Bombina variegata - Yellow-bellied Toad
References
- ^ Zweifel, Richard G. (1998). Cogger, H.G. & Zweifel, R.G. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 85–86. ISBN 0-12-178560-2.
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- San Mauro, Diego (2004). "Phylogenetic relationships of discoglossid frogs (Amphibia:Anura:Discoglossidae) based on complete mitochondrial genomes and nuclear genes". Gene. 343 (2): 357–66. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2004.10.001. PMID 15588590.
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ignored (help) - San Mauro, Diego (2005). "Initial diversification of living amphibians predated the breakup of Pangaea" ([dead link] – Scholar search). American Naturalist. 165 (5): 590–9. doi:10.1086/429523. PMID 15795855.
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