Colomesus asellus
| Colomesus asellus | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Tetraodontiformes |
| Family: | Tetraodontidae |
| Genus: | Colomesus |
| Species: | C. asellus
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| Binomial name | |
| Colomesus asellus (J. P. Müller & Troschel, 1849)
| |
Colomesus asellus, the Amazon puffer, asellus puffer,[1] South American freshwater puffer,[2] Peruvian puffer,[3] or Brazilian puffer[4] is a species of pufferfish confined to the Amazon, Essequibo and Orinoco basins in tropical South America.[5] It is a popular aquarium species.[6]
It has typically been recognized as the only true freshwater pufferfish of South America, but a study in 2013 recommended that the population in the Tocantins River basin (quite similar to C. asellus in appearance, but differs in genetics) should be considered as a separate species, C. tocantinensis.[7] This is followed by Catalog of Fishes,[8] but not FishBase.[9]
Description
[edit]The coloration of this fish is green above, white below, and patterned with black transverse bands across the dorsal surface. Compared with Colomesus psittacus, the black bands on the back are much thicker, and it also has a distinctive black band that rings the base of the caudal fin.[1] This species grows to a length of 12.8 centimetres (5.0 in) SL.[5] It is known to contain the toxin saxitoxin,[10] and gonyautoxin such as the GTX 2 and GTX 3.[11]
Ecology
[edit]Colomesus asellus is normally only found in freshwater environments although it will tolerate slightly brackish water.[2][5]
Wild Colomesus asellus are reported to consume benthic crustaceans, fish, planktonic invertebrates, and plants.[5] Aquarium specimens consume various invertebrates including midge larvae[1] and Mysida.
Like other pufferfish, they have the ability to inflate themselves when threatened, making themselves much larger and therefore more difficult for predators to handle or swallow. Colomesus asellus is unusual among freshwater pufferfish for being migratory[12] and non-territorial.[1]
Colomesus asellus is known to breed during the wet season, spawning in rivers, with the numerous small eggs being scattered on the substrate and the larvae drifting downstream. Colomesus asellus is nearly impossible to breed in the aquarium because their eggs are very small and they go through a planktonic phase before growing into "real'' fish.[12]
In the aquarium
[edit]Colomesus asellus is fairly widely kept as an aquarium fish.[1] An aquarium tank with volume of at least 109 liters is required ( approx. 29 US gallons). Compared to other freshwater pufferfish, Colomesus asellus is unusual in being tolerant of conspecifics and tends to be nervous when kept singly.[6] It is known to be a fin-nipper and could attack slow moving species such as angelfish, guppies, and Corydoras. Colomesus asellus has some of the fastest growing teeth of the freshwater puffers so, feeding crunchy foods and possibly having to do dentistry are two important factors.[citation needed]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Ebert, Klaus (2001). The Puffers of Fresh and Brackish Water. Aqualog. ISBN 3-931702-60-X.
- ^ a b Monks, N., ed. (2006). Brackish Water Fishes. TFH. ISBN 0-7938-0564-3.
- ^ Ralph, Chris (2003). Pufferfish. Ringpress Books. ISBN 1-86054-233-6.
- ^ "Colomesus asellus – Amazon Puffer (Cheilichthys asellus, Chelichthys asellus)". Seriously Fish. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
- ^ a b c d Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Colomesus asellus". FishBase. October 2012 version.
- ^ a b "Colomesus asellus". Archived from the original on February 23, 2007. Retrieved February 16, 2007.
- ^ Amaral, C.R.L.; P.M. Brito; D.A. Silva; and E.F. Carvalho (2013). A new cryptic species of South American freshwater pufferfish of the genus Colomesus (Tetraodontidae), based on both morphology and DNA data. PLoS ONE 8(9): e74397.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Colomesus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Colomesus". FishBase. December 2018 version.
- ^ J. C. Freitas (2006). "Eating habits: are we safe to consume freshwater puffer fish from the Amazon region in Brazil?" (PDF). Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases. 12 (2): 153–155. doi:10.1590/s1678-91992006000200001.
- ^ Oliveira, Joacir Stolarz; Fernandes, Solange Cristina Rego; Schwartz, Carlos Alberto; Bloch, Carlos; Melo, Jorge Alex Taquita; Rodrigues Pires, Osmindo; de Freitas, José Carlos (July 2006). "Toxicity and toxin identification in Colomesus asellus, an Amazonian (Brazil) freshwater puffer fish". Toxicon. 48 (1): 55–63. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.04.009. ISSN 0041-0101. PMID 16822534.
- ^ a b Carlos Araujo-Lima; Daniela Savastano; Luciana Cardeliquio Jordao (1994). "Drift of Colomesus asellus (Teleostei: Tetraodontidae) larvae in the Amazon River" (PDF). Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale. 27: 33–38. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2004-05-04. Retrieved 2012-11-23.