View source for Breguet 14

{{Short description|French WW1 bomber aircraft}}
{{Infobox aircraft
 |name= Breguet 14
 |image= Bréguet 14 B.2 in flight.jpg 
 |type=[[Bomber]] and [[reconnaissance aircraft|reconnaissance]]
 |manufacturer=[[Breguet Aviation|Breguet]]
 |designer= [[Marcel Vuillierme]]
 |first_flight=21 November 1916
 |introduction=May 1917
 |retired=
 |status=Retired
 |primary_user= [[History of the Armée de l'Air (1909-1942)|''Aéronautique Militaire'']]
 |more_users= [[US Army Air Service]]<br /> [[Polish Air Force]]<br /> [[Royal Thai Air Force]]<!--up to three more. please separate with <br />.-->
 |produced= 1916–1928
 |number_built= c. 8,000<ref name = "bru noe 16">Bruce and Noel 1967, p. 16.</ref>
 |program cost=<!--should be used only for experimental programs-->
 |unit cost=
 |developed_from=Breguet AV
 |variants=[[Breguet 16]] and [[Breguet 17|17]]
}}

The '''Breguet XIV''' (in contemporary practice) or '''Breguet 14''' is a French [[biplane]] [[bomber]] and [[reconnaissance aircraft]] of [[World War I]]. It was built in very large numbers and production continued for many years after the end of the war.

The Breguet 14 was among the first mass-produced aircraft to use large amounts of aluminium, rather than wood or steel, in its structure. This allowed the [[airframe]] to be both lighter and stronger, in turn making the aircraft fast and agile and it was able to outrun some contemporary [[fighter aircraft|fighters]].

==Development==
===Background===
The Breguet 14 was designed by aviation pioneer and [[aeronautical engineer]] [[Louis Breguet]].<ref name = "bru noe 3">Bruce and Noel 1967, p. 3.</ref> Breguet had already built a reputation for producing capable aircraft and for having innovative ideas, including the use of metal in aircraft construction. The outbreak of the [[First World War]] in 1914 led to Breguet-built aircraft being ordered by the military air services of several  [[Triple Entente]] nations.<ref name = "bru noe 4"/> He temporarily abandoned the preferred [[tractor configuration]] for a [[pusher configuration|pusher design]] to satisfy the French general staff, who sought a clear forward view for the observer.<ref name = "bru noe 4">Bruce and Noel 1967, p. 4.</ref> 
[[File:Bréguet 14 A.2 side.jpg|thumb|Renault powered Breguet XIV A.2 with prominent camera fairing on fuselage side for photo reconnaissance]]
In spite of the French official preference for pushers, Breguet remained a proponent of tractor aircraft.<ref name= "bru noe 4 5">Bruce and Noel 1967, pp. 4–5.</ref> In June 1916, he began a new design for a military two-seater, the '''Breguet AV'''. The [[French Army]]'s ''Section Technique de l' Aéronautique'' (STAé) recommended that Breguet use the [[Hispano-Suiza 8A]] V-8 engine of {{cvt|180|hp|order=flip}}.<ref name = "bru noe 5"/> Breguet determined that the Hispano-Suiza lacked sufficient power, and instead chose the [[Renault]] V-12 engine previously used in the Breguet Type V.<ref name = "bru noe 5">Bruce and Noel 1967, p. 5.</ref>

Two variants of the Breguet AV ('''Type XIII''' and '''Type XIV''' to the French authorities) were built. Both had a boxy shape that was complemented by a rectangular frontal radiator and the unusual [[Stagger (aeronautics)|negative or back stagger]] of its wings.<ref name = "bru noe 5"/> It possessed a sturdy [[landing gear|undercarriage]], along with [[aileron]]s on the upper wing only. The lower wing featured [[flap (aeronautics)|flaps]] along the entire [[trailing edge]]s, that were forced into their raised position by the air, as the aircraft accelerated to its normal speed, being restricted from moving freely by a set of 12 adjustable [[rubber]] [[bungee cord|bungee]] cords.<ref name = "bru noe 5 6">Bruce and Noel 1967, pp. 5–6.</ref>

The airframe's structure was constructed primarily of [[duralumin]], an aluminium alloy which had been invented in Germany by [[Alfred Wilm]] only a decade previously. Many sections, such as the duralumin [[longeron]]s and spacers, were attached using [[welding|welded]] [[steel]]-tube fittings and braced using [[piano]] wire. The wing [[spar (aeronautics)|spars]] were of rectangular duralumin tubes with either [[oak]] or [[ash (tree)|ash]] shims at the attachment points and wrapped in a sheet steel sheath.<ref name = "bru noe 5"/> The wooden box [[rib]]s had fretted [[plywood]] webs and ash flanges. The tail unit was built up from welded steel tube, while the elevators featured large horn balances.<ref name = "bru noe 5"/> French officials were initially wary of the Type XIV's innovative materials due to a lack of experience with them.<ref name = "bru noe 6"/>

===Into flight===
[[File:Escadrille BR 128 Bréguet 14 B.2 on 8 March 1918 at Champien (Somme) - Fonds Berthelé - 49Fi1098 (cropped).jpg|thumb|French Breguet XIV B.2 showing off the substantial flaps on the lower wings]]
[[File:111-SC-17776 - NARA - 55195644 (cropped).jpg|thumb|American Breguet showing off its full load of bombs]]
[[File:Breguet 14 A.2 powered by 275hp Fiat 111-SC-20273 - NARA - 55200250 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Fiat powered Breguet XIV A.2]]
Louis Breguet took the [[prototype]] into the air for the first time on 21 November 1916.<ref name = "bru noe 6">Bruce and Noel 1967, p. 6.</ref> In November 1916, the S.T.Aé. had issued requirements for four new aircraft types, and Breguet submitted the XIV for two of those - [[aerial reconnaissance|reconnaissance]] and [[medium bomber|bomber]].<ref name = "bru noe 6"/>

The prototype was passed to the S.T.Aé on 11 January 1917 for trials and was accepted to fill both roles. The report issued on 7 February 1917 from the trials stated that the prototype had attained a speed of {{cvt|172|km/h}} at an altitude of {{cvt|2000|m}}.<ref name = "bru noe 6"/> On 22 February 1917, Breguet asked the S.T.Aé about initiating production and informed them on 2 March that [[jig (tool)|jigs]] were ready.<ref name = "bru noe 6"/> On 6 March 1917, the first official production order was received by Breguet, calling for 150 '''Breguet XIV A.2''' reconnaissance aircraft and an additional order for 100 '''XIV B.2''' bombers was received on 4 April.<ref name = "bru noe 6"/>
The A.2 was equipped with several [[camera]]s, while some also had [[radio]]s. The lower wing of the 14 B.2 was fitted with [[Michelin]]-built bomb racks for thirty-two {{cvt|115|mm}} bombs.<ref name = "bru noe 7"/> To avoid the bomb racks jamming the flaps, a forward extension of the wings was added, while transparent panels were added to the sides of the fuselage to aid in the use of the [[bomb sight]].<ref name = "bru noe 7">Bruce and Noel 1967, p. 7.</ref>

By mid-1917, the French authorities ordered a substantial increase in production.<ref name = "bru noe 6 7">Bruce and Noel 1967, pp. 6–7.</ref> Various other companies were contracted to manufacture the type.<ref name = "bru noe 6"/> On 25 April, French aviation company [[Darracq]] was requested to manufacture 330 aircraft. On 8 June, 50 were ordered from [[Farman Aviation Works|Farman]] and on 18 June, [[Paul Schmitt]] was issued a contract to produce 200 aircraft.<ref name = "bru noe 6"/> Some of the contractors were unable to commence quantity production of the Breguet 14 until 1918.<ref name = "bru noe 7"/> Following the war, some aircraft were constructed in French military workshops in [[Indo-China]], although these are likely to have been reliant on imported parts.<ref name = "bru noe 12"/>

As an insurance against engine shortages, alternatives to the standard Renault powerplant were installed, both for experimental purposes and in production quantities.<ref name = "bru noe 8"/> Aside from some used in France, many of the [[Belgium|Belgian]] and [[United States|American]] Breguet 14s were powered with the [[Fiat A.12]] engine.<ref name = "bru noe 8 9">Bruce and Noel 1967, pp. 8–9.</ref> An improved model of the standard engine, the Renault 12Ff, appeared in Summer 1918 and was used on some late production aircraft.<ref name = "bru noe 8"/> Another engine adopted was built by French automotive company [[Lorraine-Dietrich]], which was lighter but produced less power than the Renault unit. A number of late production B.2 models were equipped with the American [[Liberty engine]]. To distinguish these aircraft, they were designated '''Breguet XIV B.2 L'''.<ref name = "bru noe 9">Bruce and Noel 1967, p. 9.</ref>

Other minor variants of the Breguet 14 were flown in small numbers during the Great War; these included the '''XIV B.1''' (''Bombardement'') long-range single-seat bomber, the '''XIV GR.2''' (''Grande Raid'') long-range reconnaissance/bomber, the '''XIV H''' (''Hydro'') [[floatplane]], the '''XIV S''' (''Sanitaire'') [[air ambulance]] and the '''XIV Et.2''' (''Ecole'') [[Trainer (aircraft)|trainer]].<ref name = "bru noe 10">Bruce and Noel 1967, p. 10.</ref> Later variants, such as the '''XIVbis A.2''' and '''XIVbis B.2''', featured improved wings. An variant equipped with enlarged wings was produced as the '''[[Breguet 16|XVI Bn.2]]''' (''Bombardement de nuit'') night bomber. Further derivatives of the aircraft included the '''[[Breguet 17|XVII C.2]]''' (''Chasse'') two-seat fighter, which would only be built in small numbers due to the end of the war.<ref name = "bru noe 8">Bruce and Noel 1967, p. 8.</ref> Production of the Breguet 14 would continue long after the end of the war, only ending in 1926.<ref name = "bru noe 12">Bruce and Noel 1967, p. 12.</ref>

==Operational history==
[[File:Breguet 14 - Front.jpg|thumb|United States Army Air Service Breguet 14 in France, 1918]]
The Breguet 14 was used in large numbers from May 1917 onwards, and at its peak equipped at least 71 escadrilles, and was deployed on both the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]], where it participated in number major actions in which it typically acquitted itself well,<ref name = "bru noe 7"/> and in the east, on the Italian front.

For its actions during the [[Battle of the Lys (1918)|Battle of the Lys]], the ''Section Artillerie Lourde'', equipped with the type, received a [[citation]] and was further lauded for its actions during the Allied counter-attack to the [[German spring offensive]]. On 9 July 1918, Capitaine Paul-Louise Weiller shot down two enemy aircraft during one sortie while flying the type.<ref name = "bru noe 7"/>

Following its introduction by the French, during 1918, the Breguet 14 was also ordered by the [[Belgian Army]] (40 aircraft) and the [[United States Army Air Service]] (over 600 aircraft).<ref name = "bru noe 10 11">Bruce and Noel 1967, pp. 10–11.</ref> Around half the Belgian and U.S. aircraft were fitted with [[Fiat A.12]] engines due to shortages of the original [[Renault 12F]]. Prior to the [[Armistice of 11 November 1918]], the Breguet 14 was typically assigned to serve in both reconnaissance and bombing roles. By the end of the conflict, the type was reportedly responsible for having dropped over {{cvt|1887600|kg}} of bombs.<ref name = "bru noe 11">Bruce and Noel 1967, p. 11.</ref>

A Breguet 14 played a role in one of the last actions of the war. During November 1918, one aircraft was used to transport a German military officer, Major von Geyer, from [[Tergnier]] and [[Spa]]. It was covered in large white flags of truce to avoid being attacked.<ref name = "bru noe 11"/>

The type continued to be widely used after the war, equipping the French occupation forces in Germany and being deployed to support French troops in the colonies.<ref name = "bru noe 12"/> A special version was developed for the harsh conditions encountered overseas, designated "14 TOE" (''Théatres des Operations Extérieures''). These saw service in putting down uprisings in [[Syria]] and [[Morocco]], in [[Vietnam]] and in the French intervention in the [[Russian Civil War]]. The last trainer examples were not withdrawn from French military service until 1932.

[[File:Breguet_14_Kiew.jpg|thumb|Polish Breguet 14 during the [[Kiev offensive (1920)|Kiev offensive]]]]
Other air arms using the type included [[Brazilian Air Force|Brazil]] (30), [[Republic of China Air Force|China]] (70), [[Czech Air Force|Czechoslovakia]] (10), [[Danish Air Force|Denmark]] (4), [[Finnish Air Force|Finland]] (38), [[Greek Air Force|Greece]] (approximately 42), [[Imperial Japanese Army Air Force|Japan]] (2), the [[Thailand|Siamese Air Force]] (42), Uruguay (9) and [[Spanish Air Force|Spain]] (approximately 180). The [[Polish Air Force]] used 158 Breguet 14s, about 70 of them being used in combat in the [[Polish-Soviet war]]. In Japan, Breguet 14s were licence-built by [[Nakajima Aircraft Company|Nakajima]]. The type was also heavily used in various internal wars in China during the 1920s and 1930s.<ref name = "bru noe 12"/>

Weeks after the signing of the Armistice, the Breguet 14 was used to conduct several long-distance flights to demonstrate its capabilities.<ref name = "bru noe 13"/> On 26 January 1919, a double-crossing of the [[Mediterranean]] was flown using the type by Lt Roget and Captaine Coli. On 5 April, Roget flew from [[Lyon]] to [[Rome]] and then to [[Nice]].<ref name = "bru noe 13"/> Roget and Coli later establish a new French long-distance record flying the Breguet 14, flying from [[Paris]] to [[Kenitra]], [[Morocco]], a distance of {{cvt|1900|km}} in 11 hours 15 minutes. Aviation pioneer [[Pierre-Georges Latécoère]] converted one example to conduct experimental [[in-flight refuelling]] operations.<ref name = "bru noe 13 14">Bruce and Noel 1967, pp. 13–14.</ref>
After the war, Breguet manufactured of dedicated civil versions of the Breguet 14. The 14 T.2 Salon carried two passengers in a specially modified fuselage. An improved version, the 14 Tbis, was built as both a land-plane and [[seaplane]].<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1921/1921%20-%200780.html "1921 Paris Air Salon: Breguet 14Tbis."] ''Flight'', 24 November 1921.</ref> The 14 Tbis also formed the basis of the improved 14 Tbis Sanitaire air ambulance version, and 100 [[mail plane]]s custom-built for Latécoère's airline, [[Lignes Aeriennes Latécoère]].<ref name = "bru noe 13">Bruce and Noel 1967, p. 13.</ref> After changing its name to "CGEA", the airline used, among others, 106 Breguet 14s for flights over the [[Sahara]] Desert. The 18 T was a single 14 T re-engined with a [[Renault 12J]]a engine and equipped to carry four passengers.<ref name = "bru noe 13"/> When production finally ceased in 1928, the total for all versions built had exceeded 7,800 (according to other sources, 8,000 or even 8,370).

==Variants==
[[File:Breguet 14T bis ambulance L'Aéronautique October 1921.jpg|thumb|Breguet 14T bis Sanitaire photo from L'Aéronautique October 1921]]
Data from:<ref name="Davilla">{{cite book |last1=Davilla |first1=Dr. James J. |last2=Soltan |first2=Arthur M. |title=French aircraft of the First World War |date=January 2002 |publisher=Flying Machines Press |isbn=1891268090 |pages=101–126}}</ref>
;Breguet AV 1:(Given the STAé designation '''Breguet 13''') Company designation of the first aircraft of the Breguet 13/14 family. Powered by a {{cvt|263|hp}} Renault V-12 engine with short fuselage and all-flying rudder.
;Breguet AV 2:(Given the STAé designation '''Breguet 14''') Company designation of the second aircraft of the Breguet 13 / 14 family. Powered by a {{cvt|263|hp}} Renault V-12 engine in a longer fuselage with fixed fin.
;Breguet 13: AV 1 the first of the Breguet 14 family with a short fuselage and no fixed fin.
;Breguet 14 A.2:Basic production variant to the two-seat Army co-operation specification (A.2), typically powered by a {{cvt|300|hp}} [[Renault 12Fe]] V-12 engine.<ref name="Breguet14Manual">{{Cite report |date=24 April 1922 |title=Type 14 A2. Model 1921. |journal=Notice technique de l'avion Breguet|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Breguet_14_Aircraft_Manual.pdf|publisher=Ministere de la guerre |number=N.C.C.9}}</ref>
;Breguet 14 AP.2:High-altitude, long-range reconnaissance variant, powered by a {{cvt|400|hp}} [[Liberty L-12]] engine. One converted from an A.2
;Breguet 14 AE:A single aircraft, (F-AEEZ), converted for use in the colonies.
;Breguet 14/400: Postwar aircraft powered by {{cvt|400|hp}} [[Lorraine-Dietrich 12Da]] V-12 engines. Seventy aircraft delivered to [[China]] and [[Manchuria]].
;Breguet 14 C: A single aircraft powered by a {{cvt|450|hp}} [[Renault 12Ja]] V-12 engine for use as a postal aircraft in the [[United States]].
;Breguet 14 H: A floatplane version powered by a {{cvt|320|hp}} [[Renault 12Fe]], with a large central float and smaller floats under each wing. At least two were built, used in [[Indo-China]].
;Breguet 14 B.2: The two-seat bomber version.
;Breguet 14 B.1: A single-seat bomber version: two were ordered for a planned raid on [[Berlin]].
;Breguet 14 floatplane: A twin float hydroplane version, tested at [[Saint-Raphaël, Var|St Raphaël]] in 1924.
;Breguet 14 S: (S – ''Sanitaire'') Ambulance aircraft modified to carry two stretchers in the rear fuselage. (A later dedicated ambulance aircraft was also produced).
;Nakajima B-6: Breguet 14 B.2 bombers licence-built in [[Japan]] by [[Nakajima Aircraft Company|Nakajima]], powered by {{cvt|360|hp}} [[Rolls-Royce Eagle]] V-12 engines.
;Yackey BRL-12 Transport: American conversion of a 14 B.2 with corrugated fuselage skins and floats.<ref>{{cite web|last=Eckland|first=K.O.|url=http://www.aerofiles.com/_yz.html|title=Aerofiles Y–Z|access-date=20 July 2019|work=www.aerofiles.com}}</ref>

==Operators==
;{{ARG}}
* [[Aeroposta Argentina]]
* [[Compañía Franco-Argentina de Transportes Aéreos SA]]
;{{BEL}}
* [[Belgian Air Force]] operated by the 2nd, 3rd, 5th escadrilles until the mid-1920s.<ref name=Davilla115>Davilla, 1997, p.115</ref>
* [[SNETA]]
;{{BRA}}
* [[Brazilian Army Aviation (1919–1941)|Aviação Militar do Exército Brasileiro]] operated 30 14A2 and 14B2 from 1920 until 1928.<ref name=AMB>Flores Jr., 2015, pp.359-364</ref>
;{{CHN-ROC}}
* [[Nationalist Chinese Air Force]] operated 50 until 1932.<ref name=Davilla116>Davilla, 1997, p.116</ref>
;{{CZS}}
* [[Czechoslovak Air Force]] obtained 10 Breguet 14s in 1919.<ref name=Davilla116/>
;{{DNK}}
* [[Danish Air Force]] operated several from 1920 until 1927.<ref name=Davilla116/>
;{{flag|El Salvador}}
* [[Air Force of El Salvador]] a single example was bought from France in the mid-1920s, but crashed in 1927 while delivering [[smallpox vaccine]].<ref name=Davilla116/>
;{{EST}}
* [[Estonian Air Force]] operated one aircraft only.
;{{FIN}}
* [[Finnish Air Force]] received 22 between 1919 and 1921 and operated them until 1927.<ref name=Davilla116/>
;{{FRA}}
* ''[[French Air Force|Armée de l'Air]]''
* [[French Navy]] used the Breguet 14 for reconnaissance from 1922, with the type remaining in service until 1930.<ref>Morareau 1990, p. 16</ref>
;{{flag|Greece|old}}
* [[Royal Hellenic Air Force]] Beginning in November 1917, Breguet 14s equipped the 532 Bombing and reconnaissance squadron and from June 1918, the 533 Fighter squadron. The Breguet 14 served in the 1919-1924 [[Greco-Turkish war]] but was replaced by [[Breguet 19]]s in 1925.<ref name=Davilla116/> 
;{{GUA}}
* [[Guatemalan Air Force]] Three delivered, but returned unused after the instructor who accompanied them died.<ref name=Davilla116/>
;{{JPN}}
* [[Imperial Japanese Army Air Force]] One 14 B.2 was purchased and a second one was built locally by Nakajima as the B-6.<ref name=Davilla116/>
;[[Republic of Central Lithuania|Central Lithuania]]
* Army of [[Republic of Central Lithuania|Central Lithuania]] received two ex-Polish aircraft in 1920.<ref name=Davilla116/>
;{{flagicon|Iran|1925}} [[Persia]]
* [[Imperial Iranian Air Force|Iranian Air Force]] received two aircraft in 1924.<ref name=Davilla116/>
;{{PAR}}
* [[Paraguayan Air Arm]] – one aircraft used in the [[Paraguayan Civil War (1922-1923)|Revolution of 1922]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/user/every/paraguay-af-all-time-aircraft-used-listing.htm|title = All-Time Aircraft Used List &#124; Paraguayan Air Force}}</ref>
;{{POL}}
* [[Polish Air Force]] - three French escadrilles were redesignated as Polish and transferred with their aircraft to Poland in 1919.<ref name=Davilla116117>Davilla, 1997, pp.116-117</ref> These were supplemented with an additional 70 aircraft which were eventually retired in 1924.<ref name=Davilla117>Davilla, 1997, pp.117</ref>
;{{POR}}
* [[Portuguese Air Force]] operated 28 14 A.2s and a single 14 T from 1919 until 1931.<ref name=Davilla117/>
;{{ROM}}
* [[Royal Romanian Air Force]] operated 20 14 B.2s until replaced in the mid-1920s<ref name=Davilla117/>
;{{SRB}}
* [[Serbian Air Force]] - During WW1 three French escadrilles operated in Serbia with Serbian crews, and their aircraft eventually transferred to Serbia - who used them until 1923 <ref name=Davilla117/>
;{{USSR}}
* [[Soviet Air Force]]<ref name=Davilla118>Davilla, 1997, pp.118</ref>
;{{flagicon|Spain|1785}} [[Spain]]
* [[Spanish Air Force]]<ref name=Davilla118/>
;{{SWE}}
* [[Swedish Air Force]] - received one aircraft only in 1919, which was given a civil registration in 1923.<ref name=Davilla118/>
;{{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Siam]]
*[[Royal Thai Air Force|Royal Siamese Air Force]]<ref name="Davilla118" /> 40+ aircraft
;{{TUR}}
* [[Turkish Air Force]]<ref name=Davilla119>Davilla, 1997, pp.119</ref>
;{{flag|United States|1912}}
* [[United States Army Air Service]]<ref name=Davilla119/>
** [[96th Aero Squadron]]
;{{URY}}
* [[Uruguayan Air Force]]<ref name=Davilla119/>
;{{flag|Kingdom of Yugoslavia}}
* [[Yugoslav Royal Air Force]] may have operated one ex-Serbian example.

==Survivors and replicas==
[[File:Replica of Breguet 14.jpg|thumb|Replica Breguet 14 at the [[Royal Thai Air Force Museum]]]]
*'''Bre.2016''' - Breguet 14 A.2 is on display at the [[Musée de l'air et de l'espace]] in Paris, France in French markings.<ref name=Rimell1990>Rimell, 1990, pp.38-39</ref>
*'''3C30''' - The last survivor of 22 (or 30) examples bought shortly after the end of WW1, this Breguet 14 A.2 arrived in 1921, and was operational from 1922 until retired in 1927.<ref>{{cite web|title=Breguet 14 A2 Plane Info|url=http://www.museumplanes.com/plane.php?plane_ID=159|access-date=7 January 2021}}</ref> It was on display following an extensive restoration at the [[Finnish Air Force Museum]] in [[Jyväskylä]], [[Finland]] to its original Finnish markings.<ref name=Rimell1990/>
*A replica Breguet 14 built in 1980 as F-AZBP, and which appeared in several movies has been on display at the [[Royal Thai Air Force Museum]] in [[Bangkok]] since 2012 in Siamese markings as B.TH1.<ref>{{cite web|title=Aero Visuals Airframe Dossier|url=http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=2248|website=Aerial Visuals|date=1993–2021|access-date=7 January 2021}}</ref>
*A replica registered as '''F-AZBH''' is regularly flown on the French Airshow circuit, currently marked as an early aircraft, without camouflage, while it was previously marked as a [[Latécoère]] machine.
*A replica marked as '''Bre.2812''' and carrying the markings of the [[United States Army Air Service|US Air Service]]'s [[96th Aero Squadron]] is on display at the [[Omaka Aviation Heritage Centre]] in [[New Zealand]].

==Specifications (14 B.2)==
[[File:Breguet 14 B.2 3-view line drawing.jpg|thumb|Breguet 14 B.2 drawing]]
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=French aircraft of the First World War,<ref name="Davilla" /> Profile #157 :The Breguet 14<ref name = "bru noe 14">Bruce and Noel 1967, p. 14.</ref>
|prime units?=met
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|crew=Two
|length m=8.870
|span m=
|upper span m=14.364
|upper span note=with original ailerons<br />
:::{{cvt|14.86|m}} with balanced ailerons
|mid span m=
|lower span m=13.664
|lower span note=with original ailerons<br />
:::{{cvt|13.284|m}} with balanced ailerons
|width m=
|height m=3.33
|wing area sqm=50.2
|wing area note=with original ailerons<br />
:::{{cvt|48.5|m2}} with balanced ailerons
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=Eiffel 4.6%<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>
|empty weight kg=1017
|gross weight kg=1769
|max takeoff weight kg=
|fuel capacity=
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=[[Renault 12Fcx]]
|eng1 type=V-12 water-cooled piston engine
|eng1 hp=300
|eng1 note=<br />
::'''Alternative engines'''
:::[[Renault 12Fcy]] {{cvt|310|hp|order=flip}}
:::[[Renault 12Fe]] {{cvt|320|hp|order=flip}} sometimes fitted with [[Auguste Rateau|Rateau]] [[turbocharger]]
:::[[Renault 12Ff]] {{cvt|350|hp|order=flip}}
:::[[Renault 12K]] {{cvt|400|hp|order=flip}}
:::[[Fiat A.12]] {{cvt|260|hp|order=flip}}
:::[[Fiat A.14]] {{cvt|600|hp|order=flip}}
:::[[Lorraine-Dietrich 12Da]] {{cvt|370|hp|order=flip}}
:::[[Lorraine-Dietrich 12E]] {{cvt|390|hp|order=flip}}
:::[[Liberty L-12]] {{cvt|400|hp|order=flip}}
:::[[Panhard 12C]] {{cvt|350|hp|order=flip}}
:::[[Panhard 12D]] {{cvt|340|hp|order=flip}}
:::[[Rolls-Royce Eagle VIII]] {{cvt|360|hp|order=flip}} (Nakajima B-6)

|prop blade number=2
|prop name=[[Ratier]] série 34 fixed-pitch wooden propeller
|prop dia m=2.940
|prop dia note=with Renault 12F engines<br />
::(2-bladed [[Ratier]] série 34 fixed-pitch wooden propeller with [[Liberty L-12]] engine)
<!--
        Performance
-->
|perfhide=

|max speed kmh=195
|max speed mach=<!-- supersonic aircraft -->
|cruise speed kmh=
|stall speed kmh=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|minimum control speed kmh=
|range km=
|combat range km=
|ferry range km=
|endurance=2 hours 45 minutes
|ceiling m=6200
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate ms=4.867
|time to altitude=
::{{cvt|2000|m}} in 9 minutes 15 seconds
::{{cvt|3000|m}} in 16 minutes 30 seconds
::{{cvt|5000|m}} in 47 minutes
|wing loading kg/m2=32
|wing loading note=(at max. takeoff weight)
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|power/mass={{cvt|0.09|hp/lb|order=flip}} (at max. takeoff weight)

|more performance=
<!--
        Armament
-->
|guns= 1 × fixed {{cvt|7.7|mm|3}} [[Vickers machine gun]] + 2 × flexible {{cvt|7.7|mm|3}} [[Lewis Gun]] on T.O.3 or T.O.4 mount for the observer
|bombs=up to {{cvt|355|kg}} of bombs, typically 32x {{cvt|8|kg}} [[115mm bombs]]
}}

==See also==
{{aircontent
|related=
* [[Breguet 16]]
* [[Breguet 17]]
|similar aircraft=
* [[Airco DH.4]]
* [[De Havilland DH.9|Airco D.H.9]]
* [[Armstrong Whitworth F.K.8]]
* [[Royal Aircraft Factory R.E.8]]
* [[Salmson 2]]
|lists=
* [[List of military aircraft of France]]
* [[List of bomber aircraft]]
|see also=
}}

==References==
{{Commons category}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
*{{cite journal |last1=Andersson|first1=Lennart|title=Histoire de l'aéronautique persane, 1921–1941: La première aviation du Chah d'Iran |journal=Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire |date=July 1998 |issue=76 |pages=2–12 |trans-title=History of the Persian Air Force, 1921–1941: The First Aircraft of the Shah of Iran |language=fr |issn=1243-8650}}
*{{cite book|last1=Bruce|first1=J. M.|last2=Noel|first2=Jean|title=The Breguet 14|series=Profile Publications Number 157|publisher=Profile Publications|location=London and Hatford|year=1967|asin=B0007JXD5I}}
*{{cite book|last1=Davilla|first1=Dr. James J.|last2=Soltan|first2=Arthur |title=French Aircraft of the First World War|publisher=Flying Machines Press|location=Mountain View, CA|year=1997|isbn=978-1891268090}}
*{{cite book|last1=Flores Jr.|first1=Jackson|title=Aeronaves Militares Brasileiras|publisher=Action Editora|location=Rio de Janeiro|year=2015|isbn=978-8585654412}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Grandolini |first1=Albert |title=The King's Breguets: The Royal Siamese Aeronautical Service's Breguet 14s|journal=The Aviation Historian |date=January 2022|issue=38 |pages=88–98 |issn=2051-1930}}
*{{cite book|editor1-last=Hirschauer |editor1-first=Louis |editor2-last=Dollfus |editor2-first=Charles |title=L'Année Aéronautique: 1919–1920 |date=1920 |publisher=Dunod |location=Paris |pages=27–28 |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6553380s/f39.item}}
*{{cite book|editor1-last=Hirschauer |editor1-first=Louis |editor2-last=Dollfus |editor2-first=Charles |title=L'Année Aéronautique: 1920–1921 |date=1921 |publisher=Dunod |location=Paris |page=39 |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k65534129/f51.item}}
*{{cite book|last=Kowalski|first=Tomasz J.|title=Samolot Breguet 14|series=Typy Broni i Uzbrojenia no. 197|publisher=Dom Wydawniczy Bellona i Agencja Wydawnicza CB|location=Warsaw|year=2002|isbn=8311094616|language=pl}}
* {{cite magazine |last=Morareau |first=Lucien |title=Histoire de l'Aviation Embarquée en France: La 4<sup>eme</sup> Flotille, de la reconnaissance au bombardement |magazine=Le Fana de l'Aviation |date=February 1990 |issue=243 |pages=14–17, 19–21 |language=fr }}
*{{cite book |last1=Nelcarz|first1=Bartolomiej|last2=Peczkowski|first2=Robert|name-list-style=amp |title=White Eagles: The Aircraft, Men and Operations of the Polish Air Force 1918–1939|location=Ottringham, UK |publisher=Hikoki Publications |year=2001|isbn=1-902109-73-2}}
*{{cite book|last=Rimell|first=Ray|title=World War One Survivors|publisher=Aston Publications|location=Bucks|year=1990|isbn=0-946627-44-4}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Sapienza|first1=Antonio Luis|title=Le role de aviation lors de la révolution de 1922 au Paraguay |journal=Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire |date=April 1999 |issue=73 |pages=24–26 |trans-title=The Role of Aircraft during the 1922 Paraguayan Revolution|language=fr |issn=1243-8650}}
*{{cite book|last=Toelle|first=Alan D.|title=Breguet 14|series=Windsock Datafile Special|publisher=Albatros Publications|location=Hertfordshire, UK|year=2003|isbn=978-1902207612}}

{{Breguet aircraft}}
{{Thai bomber designations}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1910s French bomber aircraft]]
[[Category:1910s French military reconnaissance aircraft]]
[[Category:Military aircraft of World War I]]
[[Category:Breguet aircraft|0014]]
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Biplanes with negative stagger]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1916]]