View source for British Rail Class 305

{{Short description|British class of electric multiple unit}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2017}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2013}}
{{Infobox train
| background = #012545
| name = <span style="color:white;">British Rail Class 305</span>
| image = Railway Station, York - geograph.org.uk - 3182651.jpg
| imagealt = 
| imagesize = 300px
| caption = Class 305 unit at {{Stnlnk|York}}
| interiorimage = 
| interiorimagealt = 
| interiorcaption = 
| stocktype = 
| service = 1959–2002
| manufacturer = [[British Rail]]
| ordernumber = {{Unbulleted list|30566 ({{abbr|BDTSOL|Battery Driving Trailer Second Open Lavatory}}, 305/2, as built)|30567 ({{abbr|MBSO|Motor Brake Second Open}}, 305/2)|30568 ({{abbr|TSOL|Trailer Second Open Lavatory}}, 305/2)|30569 ({{abbr|DTSO|Driving Trailer Second Open}}, 305/2)|30570 ({{abbr|BDTSO|Battery Driving Trailer Second Open}}, 305/1)|30571 ({{abbr|MBSO|Motor Brake Second Open}}, 305/1)|30572 (DTSO, 305/1)<ref name=Fox94-1011>{{harvnb|Fox|1994|pp=10–11}}</ref><ref name=Longworth2015>{{harvnb|Longworth|2015|pp=129–130, 134–135, 158, 178–180}}</ref>}}
| factory = {{ubl|[[Holgate Road carriage works, York|Holgate Road, York]] (305/1)|[[Doncaster Works]] (305/2)<ref name="rm">{{cite magazine |title= Multiple-Unit Stock for New Great Eastern Electric Services |magazine=[[The Railway Magazine]] |issue= January 1961 |pages=11–13}}</ref>}}
| family = BR First Generation EMU
| replaced = Steam locomotives and carriages
| yearconstruction = 1959–1960
| yearservice = 
| refurbishment = 1983–1984 (305/2 facelift)<ref>{{cite book| last=Bowles| first=L.J. |title=British Rail Coaching Stock 1985|date=1985 |location=Shepperton,Surry,UK|pages=121|isbn=9780711014558}}</ref>
| yearscrapped = 
| numberconstruction = 
| numberbuilt = 71
| numberservice = 
| numberpreserved = 
| numberscrapped = 71
| successor = [[British Rail Class 322|Class 322]] <br> [[British Rail Class 323|Class 323]]
| formation = Class 305/1 <br> {{abbr|BDTSO|Battery Driving Trailer Second Open}}+{{abbr|MBS|Motor Brake Second Open}}+{{abbr|DTSO|Driving Trailer Second Open}} <br>Class 305/2 As Built<br> {{abbr|BDTSOL|Battery Driving Trailer Second Open Laverty}}+{{abbr|MBSO|Motor Brake Second Open}}+{{abbr|TCsoL|Trailer Composite (Semi-Open) Lavatory}}+{{abbr|DTS|Driving Trailer Second}}<br> Class 305/2 Facelifted <br> {{abbr|BDTCOL|Battery Driving Trailer Composite Open Laverty}}+{{abbr|MBS|Motor Brake Second Open}}+{{abbr|TSOL|Trailer second Open Lavatory}}+{{abbr|DTSO|Driving Trailer Second Open}} <br> Class 305/3 <br>{{abbr|BDTSO|Battery Driving Trailer Second Open}}+{{abbr|MBS|Motor Brake Second Open}}+{{abbr|TCsoL|Trailer Compsite Simi Open Lavatory}}+{{abbr|DTSO|Driving Trailer Second Open}} <ref name=Longworth-7071>{{harvnb|Longworth|2015|pp=70–71}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| title=British Rail Motive Power Combined Volume 1989| pages=81–82| publisher = Ian Allan| location=Shepperton, Surry, UK| date=1989| isbn=0711018499}}</ref>
| diagram = As Built <br> Class 305/1 {{Unbulleted list|413 MBSO|436 BDTSO, DTSO}} <br> Class 305/2 {{Unbulleted list|405 MBSO|437 DTS|438 BDTSOL|455 TCsoL}} <br> TOPS Codes <br> Class 305/1 {{Unbulleted list|E204.0A MBSO|EE209.1B DTSO|EF205.0A}} <br> Class 305/2 <br> As Built {{Unbulleted list|ED205.1B MBS|EE210.0A DTS|EF206.0A BDTSOL|EH302.1B TCsoL}} <br> Refurbished <br> {{Unbulleted list|ED216.0A MBSO|EE220.0A DTS|EF304.0A BDTSOL|EH223.0A TSOL}} <ref>{{Cite book| title=British Rail Coaching Stock 1983/84| pages=103–104| publisher = Ian Allan| location=Shepperton, Surry, UK| date=1989| isbn=0711013527}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| title=British Rail Motive Power Combined Volume 1989| pages=81–82| publisher = Ian Allan| location=Shepperton, Surry, UK| date=1989| isbn=0711018499}}</ref><ref name=Longworth2015 /> {{sfn|Diagram Book|1986|loc=ED204, ED205, ED216, EE209, EE210, EE220, EF205, EF206, EF304, EH223, EH302}}
| code = AM5
| fleetnumbers = Class 305/1: {{Unbulleted list|305401-305452|75462-75513 BDTSO|61429-61480 MBS|75514-75565 DTSO}} <br> Class 305/2: {{Unbulleted list|305501-305519|75424-75442 BDTSOL later BDTCOL|61410-61428 MBS later MBSO|70356-70374 TCsoL later TSOL|75443-75461 DTS later DTSO <ref name=Longworth2015 />}}
| capacity = 272 seats (305/1), <br>344 2nd + 19 1st (305/2) <ref name=Longworth2015 />
| operator = {{Unbulleted list|[[British Rail]]|[[Network SouthEast]]|[[ScotRail (British Rail)|ScotRail (British Rail)]]|[[Regional Railways]] North West|[[First North Western]]|[[ScotRail (National Express)|ScotRail (National Express)]]}}
| depots = {{Unbulleted list|[[Ilford EMU Depot|Ilford EMD]]<ref>{{harvnb|Fox|1987|pp=51–52}}</ref>|[[East Ham Depot|East Ham EMD]]|[[Glasgow Shields Road TMD|Glasgow Shields Road]]|[[Longsight Electric TMD|Longsight Electric]]<ref name=Fox94-1011 />}}
| lines = 
| carbody = Welded steel and spayed asbestos
| trainlength = {{convert|199|ft|6|in|m|2|abbr=on}} (305/1)<br>{{convert|265|ft|8+1/2|in|m|2|abbr=on}} (305/2)
| carlength = {{convert|63|ft|6+1/2|in|m|2|abbr=on}} {{sfn|Diagram Book|1986|loc=ED204, ED205, ED216, EE209, EE210, EE220, EF205, EF206, EF304, EH223, EH302}}
| width = {{convert|9|ft|m|2|abbr=on|}} {{sfn|Diagram Book|1986|loc=ED204, ED205, ED216, EE209, EE210, EE220, EF205, EF206, EF304, EH223, EH302}}
| height = {{convert|3.835|m|ftin|abbr=on|0|order=flip}} {{sfn|Diagram Book|1986|loc=ED204, ED205, ED216, EE209, EE210, EE220, EF205, EF206, EF304, EH223, EH302}}
| floorheight = 
| platformheight = 
| entrylevelorstep = 
| doors = Slam Door
| art-sections = 3 or 4
| wheeldiameter = 
| wheelbase = {{Unbulleted list|{{convert|14.173|m|ftin|abbr=on|0|order=flip}} (bogie centres)|{{convert|8|ft|6|in|abbr=on}} (bogies) {{sfn|Diagram Book|1986|loc=ED204, ED205, ED216, EE209, EE210, EE220, EF205, EF206, EF304, EH223, EH302}} }}
| maxspeed = {{convert|75|mph|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite book| last=Marsden| first=Colin| title=Motive Power Recognition 2 EMUs| year=1982| publisher=Ian Allan| location=Shepperton,Surrey,UK| pages=16| isbn=0711011656}}</ref>
| weight = {{Unbulleted list|{{convert|119|t|0|abbr=on|lk=on}} (305/1)|{{convert|154|t|0|abbr=on|lk=on}} (305/2)<ref name="rm" />}}
| axleload = 
| traction = 
| traction motors = 4 × [[General Electric Company plc|GEC]] WT380 of {{convert|153|kW|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=Fox94-1011 />
| poweroutput = 
| tractiveeffort = 
| transmission = 
| acceleration = 
| deceleration = 
| aux = 240 V from the tertiary winding of the main [[transformer]] for heating and for a Westinghouse charger feeding 110 V dc for lighting and battery charging<ref name="rm" />
| powersupply = [[Mercury-arc valve|Mercury-arc rectifiers]]<ref name="rm" /> (later replaced with silicon diode)
| hvac = Electric
| electricsystem = {{25 kV 50 Hz}}  [[Overhead line|Overhead]]<br>(and [[Chingford Branch Line#British Railways .281948-1994.29|6.25 kV]] until 1983)
| collectionmethod = [[Pantograph (transport)|Pantograph]]
| uicclass = 
| aarwheels = 
| bogies = {{Unbulleted list|Gresley ED5 (MBS)|Gresley ET8 (DTS)|Gresley ET5 (BDTS, BTDC, TS{{sfn|Diagram Book|1986|loc=ED204, ED205, ED216, EE209, EE210, EE220, EF205, EF206, EF304, EH223, EH302}}|compound [[List of railroad truck parts#Truck bolster|bolster]]<ref name="rm" />}}
| brakes = [[Electro-pneumatic brake system on British railway trains#Westinghouse and EP brake operation|Westinghouse EP air]]<ref name="rm" />
| safety = [[Automatic warning system (railways)|AWS]]{{sfn|Diagram Book|1986|loc=ED204, ED205, ED216, EE209, EE210, EE220, EF205, EF206, EF304, EH223, EH302}}
| coupling = [[Janney coupler|Drophead]]{{sfn|Diagram Book|1986|loc=ED204, ED205, ED216, EE209, EE210, EE220, EF205, EF206, EF304, EH223, EH302}}
| multipleworking = 
| light = 
| gauge = {{Track gauge|sg|allk=on}}
| notes = 
}}

The '''British Rail Class 305''' was an [[alternating current]] (AC) [[electric multiple unit]] (EMU). Under the pre-1973 [[British Rail]] numbering system, the class was known as '''AM5'''; when [[TOPS]] was introduced, it became Class 305.

==Subclasses==
Class 305 had four subclasses:

*305/1 3-car units, standard class accommodation only, 52 units built in 1960
*305/2 4-car units, first and standard class accommodation, 19 units built in 1959
*305/3 4-car units, first and standard class accommodation, 8 units converted from 305/1 in 1988 by adding a TC from {{brc|302}} units<ref>{{cite book| title = British Rail Motive Power Combined Volume 1989| publisher =[[Ian Allan Publishing|Ian Allan]] | location = Shepperton, Surrey, UK|year=1989| isbn=0711018499| at=Multiple Units, p. 82 |last=Wood |first=Roger }}</ref>
*305/9 3-car unit, non-passenger departmental conversion, converted 1984

==Operations==
[[File:Scotrail 305501 at Edinburgh Waverly.jpg|thumb|left|A Class 305 at Edinburgh Waverley in September 2001]]

305/1 units were generally deployed on inner suburban services on the [[Lea Valley lines]] out of [[London Liverpool Street]] to [[Chingford railway station|Chingford]], [[Enfield Town railway station|Enfield Town]] and {{rws|Hertford East}}. They mainly worked the [[Chingford branch line|Chingford]] and [[Enfield Town branch line|Enfield]] branches, where their average scheduled speed was {{convert|22|mph|abbr=on|lk=on}}.<ref name="rm" /> However, they were also used on the [[Great Eastern Main Line|Great Eastern lines]] out of London Liverpool Street and occasionally worked out of their ‘normal’ operating area when coupled to a 305/2 unit or any of the compatible EMUs in use at the time. These units were distinguished by their lower backed seating. 305/1 units were replaced from 1980 onwards by [[British Rail Class 315|Class 315]] units. They were not generally used elsewhere, but a small number of units are believed to have operated around Manchester for a brief period in the mid 1990s.{{citation needed|date=March 2014}} All examples of the subclass were scrapped.

305/2 units were generally deployed on outer suburban services on the [[Lea Valley Line]] out of London Liverpool Street to {{rws|Bishops Stortford}}, the extent of electrification until 1987, where their average scheduled speed was {{convert|34|mph|abbr=on|lk=on}}.<ref name="rm" /> Like the 305/1 units, they could occasionally be seen on other services out of Liverpool Street and were sometimes coupled to other compatible EMUs for multiple working.

One unit was converted in 1984 for use as a mobile classroom in connection with the [[East Coast Main Line]] electrification project, becoming unit 305935, painted in [[InterCity]] livery. One of the driving vehicles contained [[blue asbestos]] and was subsequently replaced with a driving vehicle from a withdrawn [[British Rail Class 302|Class 302]] set, forming a hybrid set but retaining the same unit number (305935).<ref name="Class 305/9 conversion">SWAIN, A. (1990) ''British Rail Fleet Survey 11, Overhead Line Electric Multiple-Units''. Surrey: Ian Allan Ltd.</ref> The unit was later used in East Anglia as part of the Great Eastern electrification and was deployed at {{rws|Ipswich}}, {{rws|Harwich Town}} and {{rws|Cambridge}}.<ref>{{harvnb|Cowley|1987|p=42}}</ref>

The 305/2s were refurbished in the mid-late 1980s. As with the 308s, this involved moving first class to a driving trailer, new interior panels, new seats and fluorescent lights.

The 305/2s were initially replaced on the Lea Valley Line by [[British Rail Class 310]] units during the late 1980s/early 1990s. Most of the 305/2s were overhauled at Doncaster, painted in [[Regional Railways]] livery and shortened to 3-car sets, before moving to the [[Manchester]] area, taking over services previously diagrammed by [[British Rail Class 304|Class 304]] units.

A handful were further repainted into Greater Manchester PTE livery, some regaining their TSO trailer and receiving additional luggage racks dedicated to the new services to {{rws|Manchester Airport}}. Once [[British Rail Class 323|Class 323]] units were introduced, the 305s were gradually withdrawn; a few were retained on [[Glossop line]] services until track alignment was performed in 1997, allowing the longer bodied Class 323s to negotiate the sharp curves at [[Dinting railway station|Dinting station]]. The surviving units also occasionally turned up on other local services around Manchester, with the last 305 to work in the North West  believed to be 305506 on 22 May 2000 operating the 20:57 from {{rws|Stoke-on-Trent}} to [[Manchester Piccadilly]].<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Class 305s on the LM |magazine= [[Modern Locomotives Illustrated]] |issue=228|date=December 2017|page=27}}</ref>

Five 305/5s (305501-502, 508, 517 and 519) moved to [[Glasgow Shields Road TMD|Glasgow Shields depot]] retaining their 4-car configuration; they finished their working lives running the route from [[Edinburgh Waverley railway station|Edinburgh Waverley]] to [[North Berwick railway station|North Berwick]]. The last unit in service, 305517, ran its final service on 25 January 2002, operating the 17:15 North Berwick to Edinburgh Waverley; it was sent for scrap on 31 January 2002, along with 305501 and 305519.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}

==Accidents and incidents==
*On 14 February 1990, an empty stock train formed of a Class 305 and a [[British Rail Class 308|Class 308]] unit was derailed at {{rws|East Ham}}.<ref name=NSES90>{{cite web |url=https://www.nsers.org/jan-dec-90.html |title=January 1990 to December 1990 |publisher=Network South East Railway Society |first=John P |last=McCrickard |date=6 October 2016 |access-date=26 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626222308/https://www.nsers.org/jan-dec-90.html |archive-date=26 June 2018 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Preservation attempts==
AC EMU Group aimed to save a Class 305 driving trailer, but by the time funding was found, they had all been scrapped, so a Class 308 driving trailer was saved instead.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
*{{cite web |url=http://www.barrowmoremrg.co.uk/BRBDocuments/Diagram_Book_210_for_Issue.pdf |title=Vehicle Diagram Book No.210 for Electrical Multiple Units (including A.P.T.) |via=Barrowmore MRG |publisher=BRB Residuary Ltd. |date=April 1986 |ref={{sfnref|Diagram Book|1986}} |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215604/http://www.barrowmoremrg.co.uk/BRBDocuments/Diagram_Book_210_for_Issue.pdf |url-status=dead }}
*{{cite book|title=Multiple Unit Pocket Book|series=British Railways Pocket Book No.2|edition=Summer/Autumn 1987|year=1987|first=Peter|last=Fox|publisher=Platform 5 Publishing Ltd.|isbn=0906579740|oclc=613347580}}
*{{cite book|title=Electric Multiple Units|series=British Railways Pocket Book No.4|page=9|first=Peter|last=Fox|publisher=Platform 5|edition=7th|year=1994|isbn=9781872524603}}
*{{cite book|title=British Railways Electric Multiple Units to 1975|first=Hugh|last=Longworth|publisher=Oxford Publishing Co.|year=2015|isbn=9780860936688|oclc=923205678}}
*{{cite book|title=Anglia East|first=Ian|last=Cowley|publisher=David & Charles|year=1987|isbn=0-7153-8978-5}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book|title=EMUs|first=Colin J.|last=Marsden|series=Motive Power Recognition|volume=2|publisher=Ian Allan|year=1982|pages=20–23|isbn=9780711011656|oclc=16537600}}

== External links ==
*{{commons category-inline|British Rail Class 305}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030224035145/http://www.link-rail.com/acemu/ ACEMU Group Website]

{{British Rail 1959-design}}
{{British Rail EMU}}

[[Category:British Rail electric multiple units|305]]
[[Category:Train-related introductions in 1959]]
[[Category:25 kV AC multiple units]]