Bucellarian Theme

The Byzantine themata in c. 780, after the split of the Opsikion

The Bucellarian Theme (Greek: Βουκελλάριον θέμα, Boukellarion thema), more properly the Theme of the Bucellarians (Greek: θέμα Βουκελλαρίων, thema Boukellariōn) was a Byzantine theme (a military-civilian province) in northern Asia Minor (modern Turkey). It was created around the middle of the 8th century, comprising most of the ancient region Paphlagonia and parts of Galatia and Phrygia.

The theme was established sometime after 743 and before 767 by the Emperor Constantine V (r. 741–775), following the suppression of the revolt of Artabasdos, the Count of the Opsikion. The new theme, along with that of the Optimatoi was split off from the Opsikion, and formed part of the Emperor's policy to reduce the latter's power. The name of the theme derives from the late Roman Bucellarii elite cavalry troops of Gothic or Roman origin, often found as privately hired bodyguard troops. By the early 7th century they formed an elite division in the Opsikion field force, coming under a domestikos before their elevation to a full theme. The strategos of the Bucellarians is attested for the first time in 767, providing a terminus ante quem for its creation. His headquarters were at Ancyra, the former capital of Opsikion, and he commanded some 8,000 troops, belonging to the second tier of strategoi with an annual salary of 30 pounds of gold. Their ranks ranged from the mid-level spatharios to the higher protospatharios, with a single occurrence of the more exalted patrikios in the 10th century. Claudiopolis is the only attested base of one of the theme's tourmai. Despite it being originally a cavalry (kaballarikon) theme, the Bucellarians, as well as the later Paphlagonian theme, also included a small fleet, active in the Black Sea. The "katepano of the Bucellarians and the Paphlagonians" survives from the 10th century, whose seal is attested in the 10th century, was the commander of this naval contingent. However, evidence points to the fact that the 10th-century fleet was composed of merchantmen and transport ships, not warships.

Initially, the theme stretched from the Black Sea coast to the central Anatolian plateau, bordering the Optimatoi and the rump of the Opsikion in the west, the Anatolic theme in the south, and the Armeniac theme in the east. In the 9th century however, probably ca. 820, the northeastern half of the theme was detached, forming, perhaps with territory from the Armeniac theme, the new theme of Paphlagonia. Its extent was further reduced under Emperor Leo VI the Wise (r. 886–912), when eight southern and southeastern banda, were removed to form part of the new themes of Cappadocia (around the salt lake) and Charsianon (east of the Halys River). In the 9th century, it comprised two towns and thirteen fortresses, while five towns are recorded in the 10th century. The theme survived until overrun by the Seljuk Turks following the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. The name Boukellariōn however survived as a geographical designation in Byzantine sources up until 1263.

Sources

• Gyftopoulou, Sofia (2005-05-24). "Βουκελλαρίων Θέμα" (in Greek). Encyclopedia of the Hellenic World, Asia Minor. Retrieved 2009-10-07.
• Haldon, John F. (1999). Warfare, state and society in the Byzantine world, 565-1204. Routledge. ISBN 1-85728-494-1.
• Kazhdan, Alexander, ed. (1991). Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-504652-6.
• Lounghis, T.K. (1996). "The Decline of the Opsikian Domesticates and the Rise of the Domesticate of the Scholae". Byzantine Symmeikta (10): 27–36. ISSN 1105-1639.
• Treadgold, Warren T. (1998). Byzantium and Its Army, 284-1081. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0804731632. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)