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Carp River Forge

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Coordinates: 46°31′17″N 87°33′56″W / 46.52139°N 87.56556°W / 46.52139; -87.56556
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Jackson Iron Company Site
Carp River Forge Site as seen from the Michigan Iron Industry Museum, 2010
Carp River Forge is located in Michigan
Carp River Forge
Carp River Forge is located in the United States
Carp River Forge
Nearest cityNegaunee, Michigan
Coordinates46°31′17″N 87°33′56″W / 46.52139°N 87.56556°W / 46.52139; -87.56556
Area9 acres (3.6 ha)
Built1848
ArchitectJackson Mining Co.
NRHP reference No.75000957[1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPMay 30, 1975
Designated MSHSFebruary 18, 1956[2]

The Carp River Forge is an abandoned iron forge located along the Carp River on the grounds of the Michigan Iron Industry Museum, at 73 Forge Road[3] near Negaunee, Michigan. It was the first forge constructed in northern Michigan;[4] the site was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1956[2] and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.[1] It is also known as the Jackson Iron Company Site.

History

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Ariel N. Barney

In the winter of 1846/47, the Jackson Mine company gathered materiel to begin its mining operations and to build a forge. Construction on the forge, supervised by William McNair, was begun in 1847 at a site on the Carp River, a few miles from the then-new Jackson Mine.[5] McNair, however, knew nothing of forge construction, and progress was slow until forgemaster Ariel N. Barney arrived in July. Barney took over supervision of the project, and more progres was made.[5] The forge site consisted of an 18-foot-high (5.5 m) dam across the Carp, with a waterwheel supplying power,[4] eight fires, and a forging hammer.[5]

A small settlement, known as "the Jackson Location" grew up around the forge.[6] The site was large enough to be assigned its own post office, the Carp River PO, in 1847.[6]

Construction continued until early 1848, and the first iron was made on February 10, 1848, by forgemaster Ariel N. Barney. These first pieces were sold to construct a steamer. However, in March, a wave of snowmelt carried away the dam on the river, and the forge remained idle until repairs were made in the summer.[5]

The Carp River forge proved to be financially unprofitable, due in large part to the difficulties of transporting both iron ore and forge supplies to the forge site,[7] and, as Mining Magazine dryly put it, "both from the want and excess of water as a driving power."[8] The daily output from the forge was about three tons when it was working smoothly, which was rarely.[4] The Jackson Mining Company operated the forge sporadically, and only until 1850.[5] The Carp River post office closed in 1851.[6] After that, the company leased the facilities to a succession of individuals and small companies, including a young Peter White, who would go on to become one of Marquette's most prominent citizens. All the lessees lost money, and the forge was closed for good and abandoned in 1854, having made "little iron and no money."[5]

  • Images of Site
  • Carp River Forge site c. 1907; remains of dam in the foreground
    Carp River Forge site c. 1907; remains of dam in the foreground
  • Carp River Forge site, 2010
    Carp River Forge site, 2010

References

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  1. ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009. Retrieved December 4, 2010.
  2. ^ a b "Jackson Iron Company Site (20MQ21)". Historic Sites Online. Michigan State Housing Development Authority. Archived from the original on May 24, 2012. Retrieved November 20, 2010.
  3. ^ "Michigan Iron Industry Museum". Michigan Department of Natural Resources. Archived from the original on December 7, 2010. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
  4. ^ a b c Hanna, Tom A. (1903). Mines and Mineral Statistics (Report). Iron Mountain, MI: Commissioner of Mineral Statistics. pp. 65–9.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Swineford, Alfred P. (1876). History and review of copper, iron, silver, slate and other material interests of the south shore of Lake Superior. Marquette, MI: The Mining Journal. pp. 90–102, 212–3 – via Internet Archive.
  6. ^ a b c Romig, Walter (1986) [First published 1973]. Michigan place names: the history of the founding and the naming of more than five thousand past and present Michigan communities. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. pp. 99–100. ISBN 0-8143-1838-X.
  7. ^ Cummings, George P. (1908). "Reminiscences of the Early Days on the Marquette Range". Proceedings of the Lake Superior Institute Annual Meeting. 13: 212–3.
  8. ^ Tenney, William J., ed. (1853). The Mining Magazine: Devoted to Mines, Mining Operations, Metallurgy & c. Vol. I. New York: Trow. p. 198.

Further reading

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