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'''Cheraman Perumal''' refers to the title of an illustruous line of Kings who ruled present day Kerala and surrounding regions from 800 A.D to 1102 A.D. ( Cheraman Perumals were the kings of "[[Ezhava]]r" caste and related to Dravidian Culture) |
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==Introduction== |
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During the Sangam age (until 5th century A.D), the region presently within the political boundaries of [[Kerala]] and parts of Nilgiri and Salem- Coimbatore region were ruled by the Chera kings. The period following the Sangam age in Kerala was one of great upheavals and historians have not been able shed much light during the 5th, 6th and 7th century A.D. This period is commonly referred to a 'long historical night' and continued till early 8th century A.D. From the beginning of the 8th century A.D, there arose an illustruous line of Kings known as the Kulashekharas who ruled Kerala until 1102 A.D. The empire they built is commonly called the 'Second Chera Empire' to signify the renewal of the Chera rule in Kerala after a break of three centuries. The kings of Second Chera empire united Kerala into a homogeneous political unit from 800- 1102 A.D. |
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The title Cheraman Perumal has been mistakenly used to specifically refer to Rama Kulashekhara (1090- 1102 A.D) and Rajashekhara Verman (820- 844A.D), the last and the second of the Kulashekhara kings, respectively. On the other hand, [[Hermann Gundert|Dr. Gundert]]has observed "surely there has never been a Cheraman Perumal. Cheraman is the name of the dynasty of Chera or Kerala rulers for the two names are the same"<ref>Menon (1957), Kerala Pazhama: Gundert's Antiquity of Kerala translated by T Madhava Menon</ref>. |
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==List of Cheraman Perumals== |
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Following is the list of Cheraman Perumals (The kings of ancient Dravidian [[Ezhava]]r) who ruled Kerala during the Second Chera empire<ref>Prof. P.N.Elamkulam Kunjam Pillai (1952) Studies in Kerala History, Kottayam.</ref>- |
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#[[Kulashekhara Varman]] (800- 820 A.D)- also called Kulashekhara Alwar. |
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#[[Rajashekhara Varman]] (820- 844 A.D)- also called Cheraman Perumal |
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#Sthanu ravi Varman (844- 885 A.D)- contemporary of [[Aditya I|Aditya Chola]] |
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#Rama Varma Kulashekhara (885- 917 A.D) |
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#Goda Ravi Varma (917- 944 A.D) |
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#Indu Kotha Varma (944- 962 A.D) |
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#Bhaskara Ravi Varman I (962- 1019 A.D) |
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#Bhaskara Ravi Varman II (1019- 1021 A.D) |
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#Vira Kerala (1021- 1028 A.D) |
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#Rajasimha (1028- 1043 A.D) |
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#Bhaskara Ravi Varman III (1043-1082 A.D) |
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#[[Rama Varma Kulashekhara]] (1090- 1102 A.D) |
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There is a point of view as propounded in "Kerelolpathi" (which was long considered a historical source but now it has not been considered that much reliable after finding out so many historical mistakes) that alien kings also were called "perumals". The Keralolpathi gives an imposing list of 24 such foreign perumals. Nevertheless, apart from the unreliability of the Keralolpathi itself as a source of history, these authors have not been able to corroborate the claim, according to which foreign Kings must have been coronated at least 25 times during the Second chera rule<ref>Sreedhara Menon.A,A Survey of Kerala History(1967) D.C.Books Kottayam</ref>. |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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[[Category:History of Kerala]] |
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[[Category:Chera kingdom]] |
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[[Category:Indian monarchs]] |
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[[Category:Kerala]] |
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