Chew and spit
 |
Chew and Spit (CHSP or CS) is the chewing of food (that is often energy dense, and subjectively enjoyable) and spitting it out before swallowing, often in an attempt to avoid ingesting unwanted calories and nutrition.[1]
A recent systematic review[1] on the topic, revealed seven themes identified in scholarly articles[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]
- Potential marker of eating disorder severity (regardless of length of illness
- Appears in younger sufferers
- Individuals who CHSP showed increased:
- Loss of Control (LOC),
- Pathological eating,
- Negative emotions and feelings, and
- Body image distortion
- CHSP may be trans-diagnostic (i.e. appears in individuals who have been diagnosed with all or any type of clinical or sub-clinical eating disorder)
Very little is known, academically, about the psychological, physiological, and social impacts of CHSP; however, research is ongoing.
References
- ^ a b Aouad, Phillip; Hay, Phillipa; Soh, Nerissa; Touyz, Stephen (2016-01-01). "Chew and Spit (CHSP): a systematic review". Journal of Eating Disorders. 4: 23. doi:10.1186/s40337-016-0115-1. ISSN 2050-2974. PMC 4994215. PMID 27555914 – via Journal of Eating Disorders (JoED).
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Mitchell, J. E.; Pyle, R.; Hatsukami, D.; Eckert, E. (1988-01-01). "Chewing and spitting out food as a clinical feature of bulimia". Psychosomatics. 29 (1): 81–84. doi:10.1016/S0033-3182(88)72425-1. ISSN 0033-3182. PMID 3340710.
- ^ Smith, G. R.; Ross, R. L. (1989-01-01). "Chewing and spitting associated with a protein sparing modified fast and psychosocial stressors". Psychosomatics. 30 (2): 224–226. ISSN 0033-3182. PMID 2710922.
- ^ Song, Youn Joo; Lee, Jung-Hyun; Jung, Young-Chul (2015-10-01). "Chewing and spitting out food as a compensatory behavior in patients with eating disorders". Comprehensive Psychiatry. 62: 147–151. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.07.010. ISSN 1532-8384. PMID 26343479.
- ^ Durkin, Nora E.; Swanson, Sonja A.; Crow, Scott J.; Mitchell, James; Peterson, Carol B.; Crosby, Ross (2014-01-01). "Re-examination of chewing and spitting behavior: characteristics within and across eating disorder diagnoses". Eating and weight disorders: EWD. 19 (3): 315–320. doi:10.1007/s40519-013-0090-3. ISSN 1590-1262. PMID 24357336.
- ^ Makhzoumi, Saniha H.; Guarda, Angela S.; Schreyer, Colleen C.; Reinblatt, Shauna P.; Redgrave, Graham W.; Coughlin, Janelle W. (2015-04-01). "Chewing and spitting: a marker of psychopathology and behavioral severity in inpatients with an eating disorder". Eating Behaviors. 17: 59–61. doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.12.012. ISSN 1873-7358. PMID 25580013.
- ^ De Zwaan, M. (1997-01-01). "Chewing and spitting out food in eating disorder". International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice. 1 (1): 37–38. doi:10.3109/13651509709069203. ISSN 1365-1501. PMID 24926979.
- ^ Kovacs, Dora; Mahon, Jennifer; Palmer, Robert L. (2002-07-01). "Chewing and spitting out food among eating-disordered patients". The International Journal of Eating Disorders. 32 (1): 112–115. doi:10.1002/eat.10073. ISSN 0276-3478. PMID 12183939.
- ^ McCutcheon, R.; Nolan, A. (1995-03-01). "Chewing and spitting out food--a neglected symptom?". The International Journal of Eating Disorders. 17 (2): 197–200. ISSN 0276-3478. PMID 7757102.
- ^ Guarda, Angela S.; Coughlin, Janelle W.; Cummings, Molly; Marinilli, Angela; Haug, Nancy; Boucher, Michael; Heinberg, Leslie J. (2004-07-01). "Chewing and spitting in eating disorders and its relationship to binge eating". Eating Behaviors. 5 (3): 231–239. doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2004.01.001. ISSN 1471-0153. PMID 15135335.