Cruziana
Cruziana is a trace fossil consisting of elongate, bilobed, approximately bilaterally symmetrical burrows, usually preserved along bedding planes, with a sculpture of repeated striations that are mostly oblique to the long dimension. Trace fossils can reveal many aspects of their makers' behavior, and work on Cruziana has been extensive.
The makers of Cruziana are mainly considered to have been trilobites; since they appear in the non-marine Beacon Supergroup, and Triassic deposits (after trilobites became extinct [Permian])[1] they must also have been made by other arthropods. In some cases, the burrow begins or ends with a resting trace,[2] called Rusophycus, whose outline corresponds roughly to the outline of the tracemaker, and whose sculpture may reveal the approximate number of legs, although striations (scratchmarks) from a single leg may overlap or be repeated. If the trilobite sped up, ichnogenus Diplichnites may result. Several specimens of Cruziana are commonly found associated together at one sedimentary horizon, suggesting that they were made by populations of trilobites.[3]
Cruziana can reach 15 mm across and 15 cm in length, with one end usually deeper and wider than the other.[3]
The trace fossil is found in marine and freshwater environments.[3] It has uses in biostratigraphy; certain scratch patterns are unique to certain time intervals.[4]
References
- ^ Donovan, S. K. (2010). "Cruziana and Rusophycus: trace fossils produced by trilobites … in some cases?". Lethaia. 43 (2): 283–284. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2009.00208.x.
- ^ Garlock, T. L.; Isaacson, P. E. (1977). "An occurrence of a Cruziana population in the Moyer Ridge Member of the Bloomsberg Formation (Late Silurian)-Snyder County, Pennsylvania". Palaeontology. 51 (2): 282–287. JSTOR 1303607.
- ^ a b c Woolfe, K.J. (1990). "Trace fossils as paleoenvironmental indicators in the Taylor Group (Devonian) of Antarctica". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 80 (3–4): 301–310. doi:10.1016/0031-0182(90)90139-X.
- ^ Seilacher, A. (1994). "How valid is Cruziana stratigraphy?". Geologische Rundschau. 83 (4): 752–758. Bibcode:1994GeoRu..83..752S. doi:10.1007/BF00251073.
Further reading
- Goldring, R. (1985). "The formation of the trace fossil Cruziana". Geological Magazine. 122 (1): 65–72. doi:10.1017/S0016756800034099. Retrieved 2007-09-09.
- Jensen, S. (January 1, 2006). "Trace Fossils from the Lower Cambrian Mickwitzia Sandstone, South-Central Sweden". Fossils and Strata. 42 (1). Oslo: Scandinavian Univ. Press: 65. ISBN 82-00-37665-6.
- Vinn, O. (2014). "Cruziana traces from the Late Silurian (Pridoli) carbonate shelf of Saaremaa, Estonia" (PDF). Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences. 63 (2): 71–75. doi:10.3176/earth.2014.06. Retrieved 2014-06-09.
External links
- Trackways and associated burrow; Photo--(Close-up); Graphic--(trilobite and burrow, etc)
- Argentine article on Cruziana "Remarkable Cruziana beds in the Lower Ordovician of the Cordillera Oriental, NW Argentina".
