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The cytoplasm is a jelly like substance,(mainly water) where all the cells reations take place. Very simple.

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+The cytoplasm is a jelly like substance,(mainly water) where all the cells reations take place. Very simple.
-'''[[Image:biological cell.svg|thumb|right|300px|Schematic showing the cytoplasm, with major components of a typical animal cell ([[organelle]]s):<br/>
-(1) [[nucleolus]]<br/>
-(2) [[cell nucleus|nucleus]]<br/>
-(3) [[ribosomes]] (indicated by purple dots)<br/>
-(4) [[vesicle (biology)|vesicle]]<br/>
-(5) rough [[endoplasmic reticulum]] (ER)<br/>
-(6) [[Golgi apparatus]]<br/>
-(7) [[cytoskeleton]]<br/>
-(8) smooth ER<br/>
-(9) [[mitochondrion|mitochondria]]<br/>
-(10) [[vacuole]]<br/>
-(11) [[cytosol]]<br/>
-(12) [[lysosome]]<br/>
-(13) [[centriole]]s within [[centrosome]]]]
-The '''cytoplasm''' is a thick liquid residing between the cell membrane holding organelles, except for the nucleus. All the contents of the cells of [[prokaryote]] organisms (which lack a [[cell nucleus]]) are contained within the cytoplasm.  Within the cells of [[eukaryote]] organisms the contents of the [[cell nucleus]] are separated from the cytoplasm, and are then called the [[nucleoplasm]].
-In eukaryotic cells also, the cytoplasm contains [[organelle]]s, such as [[mitochondrion|mitochondria]], which are filled with liquid that is kept separate from the rest of the cytoplasm by [[biological membrane]]s.  It is within the cytoplasm that most cellular activities occur, such as many [[metabolic pathway]]s including [[glycolysis]], and processes such as [[cell division]]. The inner, granular mass is called the [[endoplasm]] and the outer, clear and glassy layer is called the [[cell cortex]] or the [[ectoplasm (cell biology)|ectoplasm]].
-The part of the cytoplasm that is not held within organelles is called the [[cytosol]]. The cytosol is a complex mixture of [[cytoskeleton]] filaments, dissolved molecules, and water that fills much of the volume of a cell. The cytosol is a [[gel]], with a network of fibers dispersed through water. Due to this network of pores and high concentrations of dissolved [[macromolecule]]s, such as [[protein]]s, an effect called [[macromolecular crowding]] occurs and the cytosol does not act as an [[ideal solution]]. This crowding effect alters how the components of the cytosol interact with each other.
-Movement of calcium ions in and out of the cytoplasm is thought to be a signaling activity for metabolic processes.<ref>C. Michael Hogan. 2010. [http://www.eoearth.org/article/Calcium?topic=49557 ''Calcium''. eds. A.Jorgensen, C. Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth]. National Council for Science and the Environment.</ref>
-== Constituents ==
-The cytoplasm has three major elements; the cytosol, organelles and inclusions.
-=== Cytosol ===
-{{main|Cytosol}}
-The cytosol is the portion not within membrane-bound organelles. The cytosol is a translucent fluid in which the plasmic elements are suspended. Cytosol makes up about 70% of the cell volume and is composed of water, salts and organic molecules.<ref>[http://sun.menloschool.org/~birchler/cells/animals/cytoplasm/ Cytoplasm Composition]</ref> The cytoplasm also contains the [[protein filament]]s that make up the [[cytoskeleton]], as well as soluble [[proteins]] and small structures such as [[ribosome]]s, [[proteasome]]s, and the mysterious [[Vault (organelle)|vault complexes]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=van Zon A, Mossink MH, Scheper RJ, Sonneveld P, Wiemer EA |title=The vault complex |journal=Cell. Mol. Life Sci. |volume=60 |issue=9 |pages=1828–37 |year=2003 |month=September |pmid=14523546 |doi=10.1007/s00018-003-3030-y}}</ref> The inner, granular and more fluid portion of the cytoplasm is referred to as endoplasm.
-[[Image:Localisations02eng.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Proteins in different [[cellular compartment]]s and structures tagged with [[green fluorescent protein]].]]
-=== Organelles ===
-{{main|Organelles}}
-Organelles are membrane-bound "organs" inside the cell that have specific functions. Some major organelles that are suspended in the cytosol are the [[mitochondria]], the [[endoplasmic reticulum]], the [[Golgi apparatus]], [[vacuoles]], [[lysosomes]], and in plant cells [[chloroplast]]s.
-=== Cytoplasmic inclusions ===
-{{main|Cytoplasmic inclusion}}
-The inclusions are small particles of insoluble substances suspended in the cytosol. A huge range of inclusions exist in different cell types, and range from crystals of [[calcium oxalate]] or [[silicon dioxide]] in plants,<ref name=Prychid1999>{{Cite journal | author = Prychid, Christina J.; Rudall, Paula J. | year = 1999 | title = Calcium Oxalate Crystals in Monocotyledons: A Review of their Structure and Systematics | journal = Annals of Botany | volume = 84 | issue = 6 | pages = 725 | doi = 10.1006/anbo.1999.0975 | url = http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/84/6/725}}</ref><ref name=Prychid2003>{{Cite journal | author = Prychid, C. J.; Rudall, P. J.; Gregory, M. | year = 2003 | title = Systematics and Biology of Silica Bodies in Monocotyledons | journal = The Botanical Review | volume = 69 | issue = 4 | pages = 377–440 | doi = 10.1663/0006-8101(2004)069[0377:SABOSB]2.0.CO;2 | url = http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract}}</ref> to granules of energy-storage materials such as [[starch]],<ref>{{cite journal |author=Ball SG, Morell MK |title=From bacterial glycogen to starch: understanding the biogenesis of the plant starch granule |journal=Annu Rev Plant Biol |volume=54 |issue= |pages=207–33 |year=2003 |pmid=14502990 |doi=10.1146/annurev.arplant.54.031902.134927}}</ref> [[glycogen]],<ref>{{cite journal |author=Shearer J, Graham TE |title=New perspectives on the storage and organization of muscle glycogen |journal=Can J Appl Physiol |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=179–203 |year=2002 |month=April |pmid=12179957}}</ref> or [[polyhydroxybutyrate]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Anderson AJ, Dawes EA |title=Occurrence, metabolism, metabolic role, and industrial uses of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates |journal=Microbiol. Rev. |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=450–72 |date=1 December 1990|pmid=2087222 |pmc=372789 |url=http://mmbr.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=2087222 }}</ref> A particularly widespread example are [[lipid droplet]]s, which are spherical droplets composed of lipids and proteins that are used in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes as a way of storing lipids such as [[fatty acid]]s and [[sterol]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Murphy DJ |title=The biogenesis and functions of lipid bodies in animals, growth and microorganisms |journal=Prog. Lipid Res. |volume=40 |issue=5 |pages=325–438 |year=2001 |month=September |pmid=11470496 |doi=10.1016/S0163-7827(01)00013-3}}</ref> Lipid droplets make up much of the volume of [[adipocyte]]s, which are specialized lipid-storage cells, but they are also found in a range of other cell types.
-== Notes ==
-{{Reflist|2}}
-== External links ==
-* [http://wiwi.essortment.com/cytoplasm_rkkg.htm What is cytoplasm?] - by  Genevieve Theirs -2002
-* Luby-Phelps K. [http://www.rpgroup.caltech.edu/courses/aph161/Handouts/Luby-Phelps2000.pdf Cytoarchitecture and physical properties of cytoplasm: volume, viscosity, diffusion, intracellular surface area.] ''Int Rev Cytol.'' 2000;192:189-221.
-{{organelles}}
-[[Category:Cell anatomy]]
-{{Link GA|es}}
-{{Link FA|ca}}
-[[ar:هيولى (خلية)]]
-[[az:Sitoplazma]]
-[[bn:সাইটোপ্লাজম]]
-[[bs:Citoplazma]]
-[[bg:Цитоплазма]]
-[[ca:Citoplasma]]
-[[cs:Cytoplazma]]
-[[da:Cytoplasma]]
-[[de:Cytoplasma]]
-[[et:Tsütoplasma]]
-[[el:Κυτταρόπλασμα]]
-[[es:Citoplasma]]
-[[eo:Citoplasmo]]
-[[eu:Zitoplasma]]
-[[fa:درون‌یاخته]]
-[[fr:Cytoplasme]]
-[[gv:Plasmey killag]]
-[[hy:Ցիտոպլազմա]]
-[[ko:세포질]]
-[[hi:कोशिका द्रव]]
-[[io:Citoplasmo]]
-[[id:Sitoplasma]]
-[[it:Citoplasma]]
-[[he:ציטופלזמה]]
-[[jv:Sitoplasma]]
-[[ka:ციტოპლაზმა]]
-[[ht:Sitoplas]]
-[[la:Cytoplasma]]
-[[lv:Citoplazma]]
-[[lb:Zytoplasma]]
-[[lt:Citoplazma]]
-[[hu:Citoplazma]]
-[[mk:Цитоплазма]]
-[[ms:Sitoplasma]]
-[[nl:Cytoplasma]]
-[[ja:細胞質]]
-[[no:Cytoplasma]]
-[[oc:Citoplasma]]
-[[pnb:سائٹوپلازم]]
-[[pl:Cytoplazma]]
-[[pt:Citoplasma]]
-[[ro:Citoplasmă]]
-[[ru:Цитоплазма]]
-[[sq:Citoplazma]]
-[[simple:Cytoplasm]]
-[[sk:Cytoplazma]]
-[[sl:Citoplazma]]
-[[sr:Цитоплазма]]
-[[sh:Citoplazma]]
-[[fi:Solulima]]
-[[sv:Cytoplasma]]
-[[th:ไซโทพลาซึม]]
-[[tr:Sitoplazma]]
-[[uk:Цитоплазма]]
-[[ur:خلمائع]]
-[[vi:Tế bào chất]]
-[[zh-yue:細胞質]]
-[[zh:細胞質]]'''