Dalit Christian
In the late 1880s the Marathi word 'Dalit' was used by Mahatma Jotiba Phule for the outcasts and Untouchables who were oppressed and broken by Hindu society.[1][2] The caste system today is beyond Hinduism (Hindu society) and it exists in all religions in India.[3]
The Caste System
Dalits who converted to Christianity did not escape the caste system which has a strongly ingrained presence in Indian society that is not limited to Hindu religious ideals. The different branches of Christianity in India still engage in these societal practices with regards to the caste system, along with all its customs and norms. The Roman Catholic Church treated the caste system as part of the Indian social structure and, for much of its history in India, it chose to work within the established social system; similarly the Syrian Orthodox Churches responded in like fashion, except it has tended to collectively act as one caste within the caste system instead of maintaining different castes within their churches.[4]
Other major factors affecting Dalit Christians and other Christians within India in regard to caste statutes are the regional variances in maintaining the caste system. The southern part of the country has traditionally more rigidly maintained the caste system than the northern regions.[citation needed] Rural communities also hold more strongly to the caste system and Roman Catholics are the majority of Christians in these communities. The urban areas tend to have the least pressure to maintain caste classes and Protestant churches are best represented in this background.[4]
There have been regular complaints by Hindus and some Christians that Dalit Christians are denied admission and appointments in Church-run educational institutions.[5][6]
After conversion, people in India lose any privileges they had in their former caste, while those in lower castes often gain more opportunities.[7][4][8] Although about 70% of Indian Christians are widely reported to be Dalit Christians,[9][10] the Sachar Committee on Muslim Affairs reported that only 9% of Indian Christians have Scheduled Caste status, with a further 32.8% having Scheduled Tribe status, and 24.8% belonging to other disadvantaged groups.[11]
Reservation
Reservation is available to Dalits who follow Hinduism, Buddhism and Sikhism, but Dalit Christians and Muslims are not protected as castes under Indian Reservation policy.[12][13] The Indian constitution in 1950 abolished untouchability, converting those castes to scheduled castes and tribes: in doing so it also provided a system of affirmative action (called the Reservation Policy) whereby 22.5 percent of all government and semi government jobs including seats in Parliament and state legislatures were reserved for those in those castes; the law also set aside space for admission to schools and colleges. In 1980 the constitutional policy was extended to cover the rest of the 3,743 backward castes in the country. But Christians who claim to belong to no caste are not included in the quotas, meaning those Dalits who convert to Christianity are no longer part of the affirmative action program run by the government. Dalit Christians have now appealed to the government to extend the benefits of reservation policy to Dalit Christians in order to improve their employment opportunities.[14] In 2008, a study commissioned by the National Commission for Minorities suggested extension of reservation to Dalit Muslims and Dalit Christians. According to the study, Indian Muslims and Christians should be bought under the ambit of the constitutional safeguards.”[15]
See also
Further reading
- Dalit Christians: Right To Reservations, by Camil Parkhe. 2007. ISPCK. ISBN 978-81-7214-979-6.
References
Patil R. R. and James, Dabhi (Eds.). 2010, Dalit Christians in India, New Delhi: Manak Publication.
- ^ Robinson, Rowena (2003), Christians of India, New Delhi: Sage Publications, pp. 193–96, ISBN 0-7619-9822-5
- ^ "Dalit Catholics continue to battle upper caste aggression".
- ^ "Beyond Hinduism: Is caste a religious or a regional problem?".
- ^ a b c Michael, Editor S.M. (2007), Dalits in modern India : vision and values, New Delhi: Sage Publications, p. 82, ISBN 0-7619-3571-1
{{citation}}:|first=has generic name (help) - ^ "Dalit Christians demand equality". The Times Of India. Archived from the original on February 16, 2006.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Anderson, Edited by Allan; Tang, Edmond; Foreword By Cecil M. Robeck, Jr (2003), Asian and Pentecostal : the charismatic face of Christianity in Asia, Oxford, UK: Regnum Books International, p. 251, ISBN 1-870345-43-6
{{citation}}:|first1=has generic name (help) - ^ Bauman, Chad M. (2008), Christian identity and Dalit religion in Hindu India, 1868-1947, Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., p. 89, ISBN 0-8028-6276-4
- ^ Dalit Christians plan stir for Scheduled Caste status The Hindu, Sep 19, 2007.
- ^ Struggle for justice to Dalit Christians By Brojendra Nath Banerjee, Uiliyāma Kerī Sṭāḍi eyāṇḍ Risārca Seṇṭāra. Page 42: "At stake is the fate of 16 million Christians of SC origin, who form 70-80 percent of the Christians in the country"
- ^ Culture and customs of India By Carol Henderson Garcia, Carol E. Henderson "Today about 70 percent of Christians are Dalits"
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 4, 2010. Retrieved June 3, 2010.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Should Dalit Christians get reservation? Rediff.com, February 11, 2005.
- ^ Dalit Christians: SC or not?
- ^ http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1058/is_12_116/ai_54467481/pg_2/?tag=content;col1.
{{cite news}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) [dead link] - ^ SC status for Dalit Muslims, Dalit Christians favoured The Hindu, Apr 05, 2008.