Dallas: Difference between revisions
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{{About|the city in the U.S. state of Texas}} |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2012}} |
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{{Infobox settlement |
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|name = Dallas |
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|official_name = City of Dallas |
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|settlement_type = [[City (Texas)|City]] |
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|nickname = "Big D" |
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|image_skyline = Xvisionx Dallas Stemmons.jpg |
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|imagesize = |
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|image_caption = Downtown Dallas, in January 2007. |
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|image_flag = Flag of Dallas.svg |
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|image_seal = Seal of Dallas.svg |
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|image_map = Dallas County Texas Incorporated Areas Dallas highlighted.svg |
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|mapsize = 250px |
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|map_caption = Location of Dallas in [[Dallas County, Texas|Dallas County]] and the U.S. state of Texas |
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|image_map1 = |
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|mapsize1 = |
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|map_caption1 = |
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|pushpin_map = USA |
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|pushpin_relief = yes |
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|pushpin_label = Dallas |
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|pushpin_label_position = right |
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|pushpin_map_alt = Map of USA |
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|pushpin_map_caption = Location of Dallas in the contiguous United States |
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|coordinates_region = US-TX |
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|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] |
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|subdivision_name = {{nowrap|{{flag|United States}}}} |
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|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] |
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|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Texas}} |
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|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Texas|County]] |
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|subdivision_name2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Dallas County, Texas.svg}} [[Dallas County, Texas|Dallas]] |
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|parts_type = [[List of counties in Texas|Counties]] |
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|parts_style = para |
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|parts = <!-- parts text, or header for parts list --> |
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|p1 = [[Dallas County, Texas|Dallas]] |
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|p2 = [[Collin County, Texas|Collin]] |
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|p3 = [[Denton County, Texas|Denton]] |
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|p4 = [[Rockwall County, Texas|Rockwall]] |
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|p5 = [[Kaufman County, Texas|Kaufman]] |
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|government_type = [[Council–manager government|Council-Manager]] |
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|governing_body = Dallas City Council |
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|leader_title = Mayor |
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|leader_name = [[Mike Rawlings]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]) |
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|unit_pref = US |
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|area_magnitude = 1 E9 |
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|area_total_sq_mi = |
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|area_total_km2 = 999.3 |
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|area_land_sq_mi = |
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|area_land_km2 = 881.9 |
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|area_water_sq_mi = |
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|area_water_km2 = 117.4 |
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|population_as_of = 2012 Estimate |
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|urban_land_sq_mi = 1407.2 |
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|urban_population = 170 |
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|population_footnotes =<ref name=CENSUS>{{cite web |author=U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division | title = Population Estimates, Accepted Challenges to Vintage 2007 Estimates | url = http://www.news-journal.com/news/article_d1b2e9d2-3ad4-11e0-b390-001cc4c002e0.html | date =1 |
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| accessdate =February 17, 2010}}{{dead link|date=June 2011}}</ref> |
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|population_total = 1,241,162<small>([[List of United States cities by population|9th U.S.]])</small> |
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|population_note = |
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|population_density_km2 = 1358.2 |
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|population_density_sq_mi = |
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|population_urban = |
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|population_metro = 6,700,991 <small>([[List of United States metropolitan areas|4th U.S.]])</small> |
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|population_blank1_title = [[Demonym]] |
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|population_blank1 = Dallasite |
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|timezone = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|Central]] |
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|utc_offset = -6 |
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|timezone_DST = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|Central]] |
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|utc_offset_DST = -5 |
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|postal_code_type = |
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|postal_code = 752XX, 753XX |
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|area_code = [[Area code 214|214]], [[Area code 469|469]], [[Area code 972|972]] |
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|area_code_type = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]] |
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|elevation_ft = 430 <!--USGS--> |
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|elevation_m = 131 <!--USGS--> |
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|latd = 32 |latm = 46 |lats = 33 |latNS = N |
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|longd = 96 |longm = 47 |longs = 48 |longEW = W|coordinates_display=y |
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|website = {{URL|http://www.dallascityhall.com/|www.DallasCityHall.com}} |
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|established_title = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]] |
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|established_date = February 2, 1856 |
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|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]] |
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|blank_info = 48-19000{{GR|2}} |
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|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID |
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|blank1_info = 1380944{{GR|3}} |
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|blank2_name = [[ZIP code prefixes|ZIP code prefix]] |
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|blank2_info = 752,753 |
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---- |
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|blank3_name = Primary airport |
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|blank3_info = [[Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport]]- DFW (Major/International) |
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|blank4_name = Secondary airport |
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|blank4_info = [[Dallas Love Field]]- DAL (Major) |
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|footnotes = |
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}} |
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[[File:Elm St at night Dallas TX 1942.jpg|thumb|Night view of Elm Street, January 1942]] |
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'''Dallas''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|æ|l|ə|s}} is the ninth-largest city in the United States and the third-largest city in the state of [[Texas]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.texasalmanac.com/facts/ |title=Texas Almanac | Texas State Historical Association | Facts, Profile & Rank |publisher=TexasAlmanac.com |date= |accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citymayors.com/gratis/uscities_100.html |title=Largest 100 US cities |publisher=City Mayors |date=2012-05-17 |accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref> The bulk of the city is in [[Dallas County, Texas|Dallas County]], of which it is the county seat. However, slices of the city are located in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin]], [[Denton County, Texas|Denton]], [[Kaufman County, Texas|Kaufman]], and [[Rockwall County, Texas|Rockwall]] counties. The city had a population of 1,197,816 in 2010, according to the [[United States Census Bureau]].<ref>{{Cite journal | title = List of United States cities by population | url = http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population}}</ref> |
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The city is the largest economic center of the 12-county region. {{nowrap|[[Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex|Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington]]}} metropolitan area had a population of 6,645,678 in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://recenter.tamu.edu/data/pop/popm/cbsa19100.asp|title=Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX MSA Population and Components of Change|publisher=Real Estate Center at Texas A&M University|accessdate=2013-05-07}}</ref> The metroplex economy is the sixth largest in the United States, with a 2010 gross metropolitan product of $374 billion.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gross Metropolitan Product|url=http://greyhill.com/gross-metropolitan-product/|publisher=Greyhill Advisors|accessdate=October 7, 2011}}</ref> Its 2010 Real GDP amounted to $325 billion. |
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Dallas was founded in 1841 and formally incorporated as a city in February 1856. The city's economy is primarily based on banking, commerce, telecommunications, computer technology, energy, healthcare and medical research, transportation and logistics. The city is home to the third largest concentration of [[Fortune 500]] companies in the nation.<ref name="Fortune 500 Top Cities 2010" >[[Fortune 500]]: [http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2010/cities/ Cities with 5 or more FORTUNE 500 headquarters] (2010) – Retrieved on May 18, 2010</ref> Located in [[North Texas]], Dallas is the main core of the largest inland metropolitan area in the United States that lacks any navigable link to the sea.<ref>{{Scaps|side note}}: In ascending order from the [[Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex]] ([[List of United States cities by population|in terms of metropolitan population]]): Chicago via [[Lake Michigan]], Los Angeles via the Pacific Ocean, and New York City via the Atlantic Ocean. For attempts to render the Trinity River navigable to the Gulf of Mexico, see TRINITY RIVER NAVIGATION PROJECTS | The Handbook of Texas Online| Texas State Historical Association (TSHA), http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/ett01 (last visited Sep. 16, 2013); The Trinity River Authority of Texas (TRA), http://www.trinityra.org/ourhistory (last visited Sep. 16, 2013); Living with the Trinity: The Trinity River in Dallas, Fort Worth, North Texas and Beyond (Video Documentary), http://trinityrivertexas.org/video_full.php (last visited Sep. 16, 2013). See generally Wikipedia, Trinity River (Texas), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_River_(Texas)(as of Sep. 16, 2013).</ref> |
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The city's prominence arose from its historical importance as a center for the oil and cotton industries, and its position along numerous railroad lines. With the advent of the interstate highway system in the 1950s and 1960s, Dallas became an east/west and north/south focal point of the interstate system with the convergence of four major interstate highways in the city, along with a fifth interstate loop around the city. Dallas developed a strong industrial and financial sector, and a major [[inland port]], due largely to the presence of [[Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport]], one of the largest and [[World's busiest airports by passenger traffic|busiest airports]] in the world.<ref name="handbook_dallas">{{Handbook of Texas |id=hdd01 |name=DALLAS, TX |author=Jackie McElhaney and Michael V. Hazel |retrieved=April 20, 2006}}</ref> |
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In the latest rankings released on September 14, 2011, Dallas was rated as an Alpha- [[global city|world city]] by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group & Network and is the only city in the South Central region to achieve that status. Dallas is also ranked 14th in world rankings of GDP by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.<ref>{{cite web | author=Globalization and World Cities Research Network, Loughborough University | title = GaWC – The World According to GaWC 2010 | url = http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2010t.html | accessdate =September 14, 2011}}</ref> |
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==History== |
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{{Main|History of Dallas}} |
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{{See also|Historical events of Dallas}} |
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Before Texas was claimed in the 18th century as a part of the [[Viceroyalty of New Spain]], the Dallas area was inhabited by the [[Caddo]] [[Native Americans of the United States|people]]. Later, France also [[French colonial empires|claimed the area]], but in 1819 the [[Adams-Onís Treaty]] made the [[Red River (Mississippi River)|Red River]] the northern boundary of [[New Spain]], officially placing the future location of Dallas well within Spanish territory.<ref name="bolton">{{cite book | last = Bolton | first = Herbert E. | authorlink = Herbert Eugene Bolton | title = Athanase de Mezieres and the Louisiana-Texas Frontier 1768–1780 | publisher=Arthur H Clark Company | year = 1914 | location = Cleveland}}</ref> The area remained under Spanish rule until 1821, when [[Mexico]] declared independence from Spain and the area became part of the Mexican state of [[Coahuila y Tejas]]. In 1836, the [[Republic of Texas]] broke off from Mexico to become an independent nation.<ref name="handbook_republic_of_texas">{{Handbook of Texas|id=mzr02|name=Republic of Texas|author=Joseph Milton Nance|retrieved=September 25, 2006}}</ref> |
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In 1839, [[Warren Angus Ferris]] surveyed the area around present-day Dallas. Two and a half years later, [[John Neely Bryan]] established a permanent settlement near a river he found and called that settlement Dallas. The Republic of Texas was then annexed by the United States in 1845 and [[Dallas County, Texas|Dallas County]] was established the following year. Dallas was formally incorporated as a city in February 2, 1856. The name of the city has uncertain origins. See [[History of Dallas (1839–1855)]] for more information on this. |
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==Geography== |
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Dallas is the [[county seat]] of [[Dallas County, Texas|Dallas County]]. Portions of the city extend into neighboring [[Collin County, Texas|Collin]], [[Denton County, Texas|Denton]], [[Kaufman County, Texas|Kaufman]], and [[Rockwall County, Texas|Rockwall]] counties. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|999.3|km2|disp=flip}}, {{convert|881.9|km2|disp=flip}} of it being land and {{convert|117.4|km2|disp=flip}} of it (11.75%) water.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Dallas city, Texas| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| accessdate=January 12, 2012}}</ref> Dallas makes up one-fifth of the much larger urbanized area known as the [[Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex]], in which one quarter of all Texans live. |
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===Topography=== |
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{{Main|Geology of the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex}} |
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Dallas and its surrounding area are mostly flat; the city itself lies at elevations ranging from {{convert|450|ft|m|0}} to {{convert|550|ft|m|0}}. The western edge of the Austin Chalk Formation, a [[limestone]] [[escarpment]] (also known as the "White Rock Escarpment"), rises {{convert|230|ft|m|0}} and runs roughly north-south through Dallas County. South of the [[Trinity River (Texas)|Trinity River]], the uplift is particularly noticeable in the neighborhoods of [[Oak Cliff]] and the adjacent cities of [[Cockrell Hill, Texas|Cockrell Hill]], [[Cedar Hill, Texas|Cedar Hill]], [[Grand Prairie, Texas|Grand Prairie]], and [[Irving, Texas|Irving]]. Marked variations in terrain are also found in cities immediately to the west in [[Tarrant County, Texas|Tarrant County]] surrounding [[Fort Worth, Texas|Fort Worth]], as well as along [[Turtle Creek (Dallas County, Texas)|Turtle Creek]] north of Downtown. |
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[[File:Dallas Arboretum Seasons.jpg|thumb|400px|right|[[Dallas Arboretum]]]] |
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Dallas, like many other cities in the world, was founded along a river. The city was founded at the location of a "white rock crossing" of the Trinity River, where it was easier for wagons to cross the river in the days before ferries or bridges. The [[Trinity River (Texas)|Trinity River]], though not usefully navigable, is the major waterway through the city. Its path through Dallas is paralleled by [[Interstate 35E (Texas)|Interstate 35E]] along the [[Stemmons Corridor]], then south alongside the western portion of [[Downtown Dallas|Downtown]] and past [[south Dallas]] and [[Pleasant Grove, Dallas|Pleasant Grove]], where the river is paralleled by [[Interstate 45 (Texas)|Interstate 45]] until it exits the city and heads southeast towards [[Houston]]. The river is flanked on both sides by {{convert|50|ft|m|0}} tall earthen [[levee]]s to protect the city from frequent floods.<ref>{{cite web | author=John N. Furlong | coauthors = Greg Ajemian and Ms. Tommie McPherson | year = 2003 | format = PDF | title = History of the Dallas Floodway | url = http://www.trinityrivercorridor.org/pdf/DallasFloodwayHistoryPaper.pdf | accessdate =August 5, 2009}}</ref> |
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Since it was rerouted in the late 1920s, the river has been little more than a drainage ditch within a floodplain for several miles above and below downtown Dallas, with a more normal course further upstream and downstream, but as Dallas began shifting towards postindustrial society, public outcry about the lack of aesthetic and recreational use of the river ultimately gave way to the [[Trinity River Project]],<ref>{{cite web | title=Disvover The Trinity-Dallas | work=Discover The Trinity | publisher=Discoverthetrinity.org | accessdate=September 12, 2009 | url=http://www.discoverthetrinity.org/ }}</ref> which was begun in the early 2000s and is scheduled to be completed in the 2010s. If the project materializes fully, it promises improvements to the riverfront in the form of man-made lakes, new park facilities and trails, and transportation upgrades. |
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The project area will reach for over {{convert|20|mi|km}} in length within the city, while the overall geographical land area addressed by the Land Use Plan is approximately {{convert|44000|acre|km2}} in size—about 20% of the land area in Dallas. |
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Green space along the river will encompass approximately {{convert|10000|acre|km2}}, making it one of the largest and diverse urban parks in the world.<ref>{{cite web | author=Trinity River Corridor Project Management Office|title = Trinity River Corridor Project Frequently Asked Questions|url =http://www.trinityrivercorridor.org/html/faqs.html | accessdate =October 19, 2006}}</ref> |
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[[White Rock Lake]], a reservoir constructed at the beginning of the 20th century, is Dallas' other significant water feature. The lake and surrounding park is a popular destination for boaters, rowers, joggers, and bikers, as well as visitors seeking peaceful respite from the city at the {{convert|66|acre|m2|-3|sing=on}} [[Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Garden]], located on the lake's eastern shore. [[White Rock Creek]] feeds into White Rock Lake, and then exits on to the Trinity River southeast of downtown Dallas. Trails along White Rock Creek are part of the extensive Dallas County Trails System. |
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[[Bachman Lake]], just northwest of [[Dallas Love Field|Love Field Airport]], is a smaller lake also popularly used for recreation. Northeast of the city is [[Lake Ray Hubbard]], a vast {{convert|22745|acre|km2|0|sing=on}} reservoir located in an extension of Dallas surrounded by the suburbs of [[Garland, Texas|Garland]], [[Rowlett, Texas|Rowlett]], [[Rockwall, Texas|Rockwall]], and [[Sunnyvale, Texas|Sunnyvale]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Bobby Farquhar and Mark McDonald | title = Lake Ray Hubbard | url = http://www.rtis.com/reg/lakes/rayhubba.htm | work=Set the Hook Guide to Lone Star Lakes and Lunkers | accessdate =August 5, 2009}}</ref> To the west of the city is [[Mountain Creek Lake]], once home to the [[Naval Air Station Dallas]] ([[Hensley Field]]) and a number of defense aircraft manufacturers.<ref>{{cite web | title = NAS Dallas / Hensley Field | url = http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/dallas.htm | accessdate =August 5, 2009 | publisher=GlobalSecurity.org}}</ref> [[North Lake (Dallas County, Texas)|North Lake]], a small body of water in an extension of the city limits surrounded by [[Irving, Texas|Irving]] and [[Coppell, Texas|Coppell]], initially served as a water source for a nearby power plant but is now being targeted for redevelopment as a recreational lake due to its proximity to [[Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport]], a plan that the lake's neighboring cities oppose.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Aasen |first=Eric |publication-date=May 18, 2005 |title=Foes say North Lake development a threat to lifestyle | periodical=Dallas Morning News |place=Coppell |postscript=<!--None-->}}</ref> |
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{{Wide image|White Rock Lake panorama.jpg|900px|<center>[[White Rock Lake]]</center>}} |
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===Climate=== |
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{{Main|Climate of Dallas}} |
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[[File:Kidd Springs Park 2.jpg|thumb|A March photograph from Oak Cliff park]] |
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Dallas has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Cfa''), though it is located in a region that also tends to receive warm, dry winds from the north and west in the summer, bringing temperatures to the {{convert|100|°F|0}} mark about 20 days annually, the majority in August, and [[heat indices]] easily breaking {{convert|110|°F|0}}. When only temperature itself is accounted for, the north central Texas region where Dallas is located is one of the hottest in the United States during the summer months, usually trailing only the [[Mojave Desert]] basin of [[Arizona]], southern [[Nevada]], and [[Southern California|southeastern]] California. Its temperature ranges are rather similar to those of [[Seville]] in [[Spain]]. |
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Winters in Dallas are generally mild to warm, with a normal daily average temperature in January of {{convert|47.0|°F|1}}. However, strong cold fronts known as "Blue Northers" sometimes pass through the Dallas region, forcing daytime highs below the {{convert|50|°F|0}} mark for several days at a time. Snow accumulation is seen in the city in about 70% of winter seasons, and snowfall generally occurs 1–2 days out of the year for a seasonal average of {{convert|1.5|in|cm}}. Some areas in the region, however, receive more than that, while other areas receive negligible snowfall or none at all.<ref>[http://www.srh.noaa.gov/fwd/CLIMO/dfw/normals/dfwann.html DFW Climate]{{dead link|date=November 2010}}. Retrieved on March 26, 2006.</ref> |
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A couple of times each winter in Dallas, warm and humid air from the south will override cold, dry air, resulting in [[freezing rain]] or ice and causing disruptions in the city if the roads and highways become slick. On the other hand, temperatures reaching {{convert|70|°F|0}} on average occur on at least 4 days each winter month. Dallas averages 26 annual nights at or below freezing,<ref name = NOAA >{{cite web|url = http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=fwd|title = NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data|publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|accessdate = 2012-11-30}}</ref> with the winter of 1999–2000 holding the all-time record as having the fewest freezing nights, with 14. During this same span of 15 years,{{specify|date=August 2013}} the temperature in the region has only twice dropped below {{convert|15|°F|°C|0}}, though it will generally fall below {{convert|20|°F|0}} in most (67%) years.<ref name = NOAA /> In sum, extremes and variations in winter weather are more readily seen in Dallas and Texas as a whole than along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts, due to the state's location in the interior of the North American continent and the lack of any mountainous terrain to the north to block out Arctic weather systems. |
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[[File:SMU - Blanton Snow.jpg|thumb|Snow on the campus of [[Southern Methodist University]] in nearby [[University Park, Texas|University Park]].]] |
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Spring and autumn bring pleasant weather to the area. Vibrant [[wildflower]]s (such as the [[bluebonnet (plant)|bluebonnet]], [[Castilleja|Indian paintbrush]] and other [[flora (plants)|flora]]) bloom in spring and are planted around the highways throughout Texas.<ref>[http://www.dot.state.tx.us/ TXDOT] – [http://www.dot.state.tx.us/travel/flora_conditions.htm Wildflower and Fall Foliage]</ref> Springtime weather can be [[severe weather|quite volatile]], but temperatures themselves are mild. The weather in Dallas is also generally pleasant from late September to early December and on many winter days. Autumn often brings more storms and tornado threat, but usually fewer and less severe than in spring. |
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Each spring, cold fronts moving south from the North will collide with warm, humid air streaming in from the [[Gulf Coast]], leading to severe [[thunderstorm]]s with [[lightning]], torrents of rain, [[hail]], and occasionally, [[tornado]]es. Over time, tornadoes have probably been the biggest natural threat to the city, as it is located near the heart of [[Tornado Alley]]. |
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The [[USDA|U.S. Department of Agriculture]] places Dallas in [[USDA plant hardiness zone|Plant Hardiness Zone 8a]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.plantmaps.com/interactive-texas-usda-plant-zone-hardiness-map.php |title=Texas USDA Hardiness Zone Map |accessdate=November 28, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Ramon Jordan |url=http://www.usna.usda.gov/Hardzone/hzm-sm1.html |title=Plant Hardiness Zone Map: South-Midwest US |publisher=Usna.usda.gov |date=2012-01-24 |accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref> However, mild winter temperatures in the past 15 to 20 years have encouraged the horticulture of some cold-sensitive plants such as ''[[Washingtonia filifera]]'' and ''[[Washingtonia robusta]]'' [[palm tree|palms]]. According to the [[American Lung Association]], Dallas has the 12th highest air pollution among U.S. cities, ranking it behind Los Angeles and [[Houston]].<ref>[http://www.lungusa.org/site/pp.asp?c=dvLUK9O0E&b=50752#graph6 Lungusa.com]{{dead link|date=November 2010}}. Retrieved on March 2, 2006.</ref> Much of the air pollution in Dallas and the surrounding area comes from a hazardous materials incineration plant in the small town of [[Midlothian, Texas|Midlothian]] and from concrete installations in neighbouring [[Ellis County, Texas|Ellis County]].<ref>[http://www.downwindersatrisk.org/ Downwindersatrisk.org] – [http://www.downwindersatrisk.org/DownwindersAtRisk-MovingToMidlothian.htm Pollution in Midlothian]{{dead link|date=November 2010}}. Retrieved on April 17, 2006.</ref> |
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The all-time record low temperature within the city itself is {{convert|-3|°F|°C|0}}, set on January 18, 1930, while the all-time record high is {{convert|113|°F|0}}, set on June 26 and 27, 1980 at nearby Dallas–Fort Worth Airport.<ref name = NOAA/><ref name="NWS Records">{{cite web|url=http://www.srh.noaa.gov/fwd/?n=dgr8mxmn|title=Dallas/Fort Worth – All-Time Maximum and Minimum Temperatures|publisher=National Weather Service Fort Worth|accessdate=December 5, 2011}}</ref> The average daily low in Dallas is {{convert|57.4|°F|°C|1}} and the average daily high is {{convert|76.9|°F|°C|1}}. Dallas receives approximately {{convert|37.6|in|mm|0}} of rain per year. |
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{{Dallas weatherbox}} |
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==Cityscape== |
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{{Wide image|Dallas Downtown and Uptown Panorama.jpg|1550px|<center>Dallas skyline from [[West Village, Dallas|The West Village]]</center>}} |
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{{Wide image|Dallas, Texas Skyline 2006.jpg|1100px|<center>Skyline of downtown and Oak Lawn.</center>}} |
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===Architecture=== |
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{{See also|List of Dallas Landmarks|List of tallest buildings in Dallas}} |
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[[File:Xvixionx 29 April 2006 Dallas Skyline.jpg|thumb|The Dallas skyline from the Trinity River Greenbelt Park]] |
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Dallas' skyline contains [[list of tallest buildings in Texas|several buildings]] over {{convert|700|ft|m|-1}} in height. Although some of Dallas' architecture dates from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, most of the notable architecture in the city is from the [[modern architecture|modernist]] and [[postmodern architecture|postmodernist]] eras. Iconic examples of modernist architecture include [[Reunion Tower]], the [[JFK Memorial]], [[I. M. Pei]]'s [[Dallas City Hall]] and [[Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center]]. Good examples of postmodernist skyscrapers are in [[Fountain Place]], [[Bank of America Plaza (Dallas)|Bank of America Plaza]], [[Renaissance Tower (Dallas)|Renaissance Tower]], [[JPMorgan Chase Tower (Dallas)|JPMorgan Chase Tower]], and [[Comerica Bank Tower]]. |
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Several smaller structures are fashioned in the [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]] style, such as the [[Kirby Building]], and the [[neoclassical architecture|neoclassical]] style, as seen in the [[Davis Building|Davis]] and [[Wilson Building (Dallas, Texas)|Wilson]] Buildings. One architectural "hotbed" in the city is a stretch of historic houses along [[Swiss Avenue]], which contains all shades and variants of architecture from [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]] to neoclassical.<ref>[http://www.swissavenue.com/index.asp Swissavenue.com]{{dead link|date=November 2010}} – Retrieved June 13, 2006. {{Wayback | url=http://swissavenue.com/index.asp <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> | date=20060207024307 }}</ref> The [[Dallas Downtown Historic District]] protects a cross-section of Dallas commercial architecture from the 1880s to the 1940s. |
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===Neighborhoods=== |
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{{See also|List of neighborhoods in Dallas}} |
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[[File:West Village - Cityplace, Oak Lawn in Dallas.jpg|thumb|West Village in Uptown]] |
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==== Central Dallas ==== |
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Central Dallas is anchored by [[Downtown Dallas|Downtown]], the center of the city and the epicenter of urban revival, along with [[Oak Lawn, Dallas|Oak Lawn]] and [[Uptown Dallas|Uptown]], areas characterized by dense retail, restaurants, and nightlife. Downtown Dallas has a variety of named districts, including the [[West End, Dallas|West End Historic District]], the [[Arts District, Dallas|Arts District]], the [[Main Street, Dallas|Main Street District]], [[Farmers Market, Dallas|Farmers Market District]], the [[City Center District, Dallas|City Center business district]], the [[Convention Center District, Dallas|Convention Center District]], and the [[Reunion, Dallas|Reunion District]]. "Hot spots" north of Downtown include [[Uptown Dallas|Uptown]], [[Victory Park, Dallas, Texas|Victory Park]], [[Oak Lawn, Dallas|Oak Lawn]], [[Turtle Creek, Dallas|Turtle Creek]], [[Cityplace, Dallas|Cityplace]] and [[West Village, Dallas|West Village]]. |
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==== East Dallas ==== |
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[[East Dallas]] is home to [[Deep Ellum]], a trendy arts area close to Downtown, the homey [[Lakewood, Dallas|Lakewood]] neighborhood, historic [[Vickery Place]] and [[Bryan Place]], and the architecturally significant neighborhoods of [[Swiss Avenue]] and [[Munger Place]] Historic District, which has one of the largest collections of [[Frank Lloyd Wright]]-inspired [[Prairie-style]] homes in the United States. North of the [[Park Cities, Texas|Park Cities]] is [[Preston Hollow]], home to Texas' wealthiest residents, as well as the most expensive homes in the state. The area is also characterized by a variety of high-powered shopping areas, including [[Galleria Dallas]], [[NorthPark Center]], and [[Highland Park Village]]. In the northeast quadrant of the city is [[Lake Highlands]], one of Dallas' most unified middle-class neighborhoods.<ref name="lhaia">[http://www.lhaia.org/ Lake Highlands Area Improvement Association] – [http://www.lhaia.org/images/Map_March2006big.jpg Map]{{dead link|date=November 2010}}. Retrieved October 3, 2006.</ref> |
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[[File:Munger Place.jpg|thumb|Homes in Munger Place Historic District in the winter]] |
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[[Midtown Dallas]] is currently undergoing construction of new high-rise apartments, restaurants, and retail. The midtown area is generally a new classification of the city, consisting of North Park Mall, SMU, White Rock Lake, The Dallas Arboretum, and new retail/high-rises, most notably along Park Lane and Central Expressway. Midtown is bordered by University Park to the west, Preston Hollow to the North, Lake Highlands/Lakewood to the East, and Uptown/City Place to the South. |
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[[File:Kidd Springs Park.jpg|thumb|Kidd Springs Park in Oak Cliff]] |
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Southwest of Downtown lies [[Oak Cliff]], a hilly area that has undergone gentrification in recent years in neighborhoods such as the [[Bishop Arts District]]. Oak Cliff originated as a township founded in the mid-1800s and was annexed by the city of Dallas in 1903.<ref>[http://www.oakcliff.com/history.htm Oak Cliff, Texas – Early History]. Retrieved August 1, 2008.</ref> Today, most of the area's northern residents are [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]]. The [[ghost town]] of [[La Reunion (Dallas)|La Reunion]] once occupied the northern tip of Oak Cliff. South Oak Cliff is a mixture of Black/African American, Hispanic, and Native American. |
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==== South Dallas ==== |
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[[South Dallas]], a distinct neighborhood southeast of Downtown, lays claim to the [[Cedars, Dallas|Cedars]], an eclectic artist hotbed south of downtown and [[Fair Park]], home of the annual State Fair of Texas, occurring in October. |
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Much of the southern portion of the city is characterized now by high rates of poverty and crime.<ref>''[http://www.dallasnews.com/ Dallas Morning News]'' – "[http://www.dallasnews.com/s/dws/spe/2004/dallas/index1.html Dallas at the Tipping Point]{{dead link|date=June 2011}}" – [http://www.dallasnews.com/s/dws/spe/2004/dallas/crime2.html Costs of Crime]{{dead link|date=June 2011}}. Retrieved October 25, 2006.</ref> To spur growth in the southern sector of the city, [[University of North Texas System]] opened a [[University of North Texas at Dallas|Dallas campus]] in October 2006 in South Oak Cliff near the intersection of [[Interstate 20 (Texas)|Interstate 20]] and University Hills Blvd.<ref name="untdtemp">[http://www.unt.edu/unt-dallas/ University of North Texas Dallas Campus]{{dead link|date=February 2012}} – [http://www.unt.edu/unt-dallas/location.htm Location]{{dead link|date=February 2012}}. Retrieved October 4, 2006.</ref> Large amounts of undeveloped land remain nearby, due to decades of slow growth south of Downtown. |
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Further east, in the southeast quadrant of the city, is the large neighborhood of [[Pleasant Grove, Dallas|Pleasant Grove]]. Once an independent city, it is a collection of mostly lower-income residential areas stretching all the way to [[Seagoville, Texas|Seagoville]] in the southeast. Though a city neighborhood, Pleasant Grove is surrounded by undeveloped land on all sides, including swampland separating it from South Dallas that will in the future be part of the [[Great Trinity Forest]],<ref name="The Great Trinity Forest-Dallas">{{cite web | title=The Great Trinity Forest-Dallas | work=The Great Trinity Forest | publisher=City of Dallas Trinity River Corridor Project |
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| accessdate=September 12, 2009 | url=http://www.trinityrivercorridor.org/html/great_trinity_forest.html }}</ref> a subsection of the city's [[Trinity River Project]]. |
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Dallas is further surrounded by many suburbs and includes three [[enclave]]s within the city boundaries—[[Cockrell Hill, Texas|Cockrell Hill]], [[Highland Park, Texas|Highland Park]], and [[University Park, Texas|University Park]]. |
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{{-}} |
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==Culture== |
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[[File:Stone Street Gardens in Downtown Dallas, 04-01-11.jpg|thumb|Stone Street Gardens is lined with bistros, pubs and restaurants connecting Main to Elm Streets in [[Downtown Dallas]]]] |
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{{Main|Culture of Dallas}} |
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===Cuisine=== |
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Dallas is known for its [[barbecue]], authentic [[Mexican cuisine|Mexican]], and [[Tex-Mex cuisine]]. Famous products of the Dallas culinary scene include the [[margarita|frozen margarita]].<ref>{{cite news| last = Nelson| first = Colleen McCain| title = One Man's Invention, Forever Frozen In Time – Dallas: Margarita Machine Takes Its Rightful Place In History| work=Dallas Morning News| date = October 5, 2005| url = http://www.dallasnews.com/s/dws/news/city/lakewood/stories/DN-margarita_09met.ART.West.Edition2.4242abd.html| accessdate =February 7, 2007}}{{dead link|date=June 2011}}</ref> Fearing's restaurant at the Ritz-Carlton Dallas hotel in Uptown Dallas was named the best hotel restaurant in the US for 2009 by [[Zagat Survey]]. The Ritz-Carlton Dallas hotel was also named 2009 best US hotel by Zagat, and 2009 No. 2 hotel in the world by Zagat, trailing only the Four Seasons King George V in Paris, France. A number of nationally ranked steakhouses can be found in the Dallas area, including Bob's Steak & Chop House, currently ranked No. 1 according to the USDA Prime Steakhouses chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.primesteakhouses.com/ |title=USDA top 10 Steak Houses in America |publisher=Primesteakhouses.com |accessdate=August 14, 2010}}</ref> |
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===Arts=== |
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[[File:Downtown Dallas Arts District.jpg|thumb|alt=Dallas Arts District.|The Winspear Opera House and the Meyerson Symphony Center in the Downtown Dallas Arts District]] |
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The [[Arts District, Dallas|Arts District]] in the northern section of [[Downtown Dallas|Downtown]] is home to several arts venues, both existing and proposed. Notable venues in the district include the [[Dallas Museum of Art]], the [[Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center]] home to the [[Dallas Symphony Orchestra]] and [[Dallas Wind Symphony]], [[The Trammell & Margaret Crow Collection of Asian Art]], the [[Nasher Sculpture Center]], and The Dallas Children's Theater. |
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Venues that are part of the AT&T [[Dallas Center for the Performing Arts]]<ref>[http://www.dallasopera.org/ The Dallas Opera] – [http://www.dallasopera.org/the_company/the_winspear.php The Winspear Opera House]{{dead link|date=November 2010}}. Retrieved on October 19, 2006.</ref><ref>[http://www.dallasperformingarts.org/ Dallas Center for the Performing Arts] – [http://www.dallasperformingarts.org/buildingthecenter.html Building the Center]{{dead link|date=November 2010}}. Retrieved on October 19, 2006.</ref> include the [[Margot and Bill Winspear Opera House|Winspear Opera House]] home to the [[Dallas Opera]] and [[Texas Ballet Theater]], the [[Dee and Charles Wyly Theatre]] home to the [[Dallas Theater Center]] and the [[Dallas Black Dance Theater]], and City Performance Hall. |
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Also, not far north of downtown is the [[Meadows Museum]] at Southern Methodist University. In 2009 it joined up with "Prado on the Prairie" for a three-year partnership. The Prado focuses on Spanish visual art and boasts the best collection of Spain's art in North America, with works by Picasso, Goya, Velasquez, El Greco, Murillo, Zurbaran, Ribera, Fortuny, Rico, de Juanes, Plensa and plenty of other Spaniards. These works, as well as Non-Spanish highlights like sculptures by Rodin and Moore have been so successful of a collaboration that the Prado and Meadows have agreed upon an extension of the partnership.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smu.edu/News/2012/meadows-prado-agreement-13july2012 |title=Prado and Meadows Museum announce expansion of partnership - SMU |publisher=Smu.edu |date= |accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref> |
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The Arts District is also home to [[Dallas Independent School District|DISD]]'s [[Booker T. Washington High School for the Performing and Visual Arts]], a magnet school which was recently expanded.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.artsmagnet.org/ |title=Artsmagnet.org |publisher=Artsmagnet.org |date= |accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref> |
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[[City Center District, Dallas, Texas|City Center District]], next to the [[Arts District, Dallas|Arts District]] is home to the [[The Dallas Contemporary]]. |
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[[Deep Ellum]], immediately east of Downtown, originally became popular during the 1920s and 1930s as the prime [[jazz]] and [[blues]] hot spot in the [[Southern United States|South]].<ref name="paynechapVI">{{cite book |last=Payne |first=Darwin |title= Dallas, an illustrated history |year=1982 |publisher=Windsor Publications |location=Woodland Hills, California |isbn= 0-89781-034-1 |pages=157–185 |chapter= Chapter VI: The Spirit of Enterprise}}</ref> Artists such as [[Blind Lemon Jefferson]], [[Robert Johnson (musician)|Robert Johnson]], Huddie "[[Lead Belly]]" Ledbetter, and [[Bessie Smith]] played in original Deep Ellum clubs such as The Harlem and The Palace. Today, Deep Ellum is home to hundreds of artists who live in lofts and operate in studios throughout the district alongside bars, pubs, and concert venues.<ref>[http://www.deepellumtx.com/ The Deep Ellum Association] – [http://www.deepellumtx.com/time_line.html Time Line]{{dead link|date=November 2010}}. Retrieved on October 19, 2006.</ref> A major art infusion in the area results from the city's lax stance on [[graffiti]], and a number of public spaces including tunnels, sides of buildings, sidewalks, and streets are covered in murals. One major example, the Good-Latimer tunnel, was torn down in late 2006 to accommodate the construction of a [[Green Line (Dallas Area Rapid Transit)|light rail line]] through the site.<ref>{{cite web|author=Hobson Real Estate Group |url=http://www.hgrouphomes.com/About_Dallas_Texas/page_2476195.html |title=Thinking of Relocating to Dallas |publisher=Hobson Real Estate Group |accessdate=June 10, 2012}}</ref> |
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Like Deep Ellum before it, the [[Cedars, Dallas, Texas|Cedars]] neighborhood to the south of Downtown has also seen a growing population of studio artists and an expanding roster of entertainment venues. The area's art scene began to grow in the early 2000s with the opening of Southside on Lamar, an old [[Sears, Roebuck and Company|Sears]] warehouse converted into lofts, studios, and retail. Within this building, Southside on Lamar hosts the Janette Kennedy Gallery with rotating gallery exhibitions featuring many local, national, and international artists.<ref>[http://southsideonlamar.com/ Southside on Lamar] – [http://southsideonlamar.com/Home.aspx History]{{dead link|date=November 2010}}. Retrieved on October 19, 2006.</ref> Current attractions include Gilley's Dallas and Poor David's Pub.<ref>[http://www.gilleysdallas.com/ Gilley's Dallas] – "[http://www.gilleysdallas.com/PressRoom/pressreleases/PRrelease0911.pdf The Legend Returns: Gilley's Brings New Life to Downtown Dallas]{{dead link|date=November 2010}}." ('''[[Portable Document Format|PDF]]'''). Retrieved on October 19, 2006.</ref><ref>[http://www.poordavidspub.com/ Poor David's Pub] – [http://www.poordavidspub.com/#find%20us Find Us]. Retrieved on October 19, 2006.</ref> [[Dallas Mavericks]] owner and local entrepreneur [[Mark Cuban]] purchased land along Lamar Avenue near [[Cedars Station]] in September 2005, and locals speculate that he is planning an entertainment complex for the site.<ref>[http://www.dallasnews.com/ The Dallas Morning News] – September 6, 2005. ''[http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/classifieds/news/homecenter/realestate/stories/DN-cuban_01bus.ART.State.Edition2.13bfde7f.html Mark Cuban snaps up tracts near downtown]{{dead link|date=June 2011}}'' by Steve Brown. Retrieved on April 20, 2006.</ref> |
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South of the Trinity River, the flourishing Bishop Arts District in [[Oak Cliff]] is home to a number of studio artists living in converted warehouses. Walls of buildings along alleyways and streets are painted with murals and the surrounding streets contain many eclectic restaurants and shops.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bishopartsdistrict.com/ |title=Bishop Arts District |publisher=Bishop Arts District |date= |accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref> |
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Dallas has an Office of Cultural Affairs as a department of the city government. The office is responsible for six cultural centers located throughout the city, funding for local artists and theaters, initiating public art projects, and running the city-owned [[classical music|classical]] radio station [[WRR (FM)|WRR]].<ref>[http://www.dallasculture.org/ City of Dallas Office of Cultural Affairs] – [http://www.dallasculture.org/culturalCenters.cfm Cultural Centers]</ref> |
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===Media=== |
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{{See also|Newspapers of Dallas, Texas|List of radio stations in Texas|List of television stations in Texas#Dallas/Fort Worth|List of movies set in Dallas, Texas|List of television shows set in Dallas}} |
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Dallas has numerous local newspapers, magazines, television stations and radio stations that serve the [[Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex]] as a whole, which is the 5th-largest [[media market]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arbitron.com/radio_stations/mm001050.asp |title=Fall 2006 Market Ratings |publisher=Arbitron.com |date= |accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref> |
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Dallas has one major daily newspaper, ''[[The Dallas Morning News]]'', which was founded in 1885 by [[A. H. Belo]] and is A. H. Belo's flagship newspaper. The ''[[Dallas Times Herald]]'', started in 1888, was the ''Morning News''' major competitor until Belo purchased the paper on December 8, 1991 and closed the paper down the next day. Other daily newspapers are ''[[Al Día (Dallas)|Al Día]]'', a Spanish-language paper published by Belo, ''[[Quick (newspaper)|Quick]]'', a free, summary-style version of the ''Morning News'', and a number of ethnic newspapers printed in languages such as Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese. |
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Other publications include the Dallas Weekly, the Oak Cliff Tribune and the Elite News, all weekly news publications. The Dallas Morning News also puts out a weekly publication, ''[[neighborsgo]]'', which comes out every Friday and focuses on community news. Readers can post stories and contribute content at the Web site, [http://neighborsgo.com/]. The ''[[Dallas Observer]]'' and the ''[[North Texas Journal]]'' are also alternative weekly newspapers, ''[[D Magazine]]'', a monthly magazine about business, life, and entertainment in the Metroplex. Local visitor magazines include "WHERE Magazine" and "Travelhost" – available at hotel desks or in guest rooms. In addition, the Park Cities and suburbs such as Plano also have their own community newspapers. Also, THE magazine covers the contemporary arts scene. |
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In terms of the larger metro area, the ''[[Fort Worth Star-Telegram]]'' is another significant daily newspaper, covering [[Fort Worth, Texas|Fort Worth]]/[[Tarrant County, Texas|Tarrant County]] and its suburbs. It also publishes a major Spanish-language newspaper for the entire Metroplex known as La Estrella. To the north of Dallas and Fort Worth, the [[Denton Record-Chronicle]] primarily covers news for the [[Denton, Texas|city of Denton]] and [[Denton County]]. |
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Area television stations affiliated with the major broadcasting networks include [[KDFW|KDFW 4]] ([[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]]), [[KXAS-TV|KXAS 5]] ([[NBC]]), [[WFAA-TV|WFAA 8]] ([[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]) (owned by [[Belo]]), [[KTVT|KTVT 11]] ([[CBS]]), [[KERA-TV|KERA 13]] ([[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]]), [[KUVN-TV|KUVN 23]] ([[Univisión|UNI]]), [[KDFI|KDFI 27]] ([[My Network TV|MNTV]]), [[KDAF|KDAF 33]] ([[CW Television Network|The CW]]) and [[KXTX-TV|KXTX 39]] ([[Telemundo|TMD]]). [[KTXA|KTXA-21]] is an [[independent station]] formerly affiliated with the now-defunct [[UPN]] network. |
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63 radio stations operate within range of Dallas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radio-locator.com/cgi-bin/locate?select=city&city=dallas&state=tx&x=17&y=5 |title=Dallas, Texas |publisher=Radio-locator.com |date= |accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref> The City of Dallas operates [[WRR (FM)|WRR]] 101.1 FM, the area's main classical music station, from city offices in [[Fair Park]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dallascityhall.com/FairParkNews/FPStory5.html |title=Dallas' Fair Park Newsletter |publisher=Dallascityhall.com |date= |accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref> Its original sister station, licensed as [[WRR (AM)|WRR-AM]] in 1921, is the oldest commercially operated radio station in Texas and the second-oldest in the United States, after [[KDKA (AM)]] in Pittsburgh.<ref>[http://www.wrr101.com/about.shtml WRR Classical 101.1 FM: The First Radio Station In Texas, est. 1921 – About WRR]{{dead link|date=November 2010}}. Retrieved on May 9, 2006.</ref> Because of the city's centrally located geographical position and lack of nearby mountainous terrain, high-power [[List of broadcast station classes#AM|class A]] [[medium-wave]] stations [[KRLD (AM)|KRLD]] and [[WBAP (AM)|WBAP]] can broadcast as far as southern Canada at night and can be used for emergency messages when broadcasting is down in other major metropolitan areas in the United States. |
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Hispanic Broadcasting Corporation (HBC), the largest company in the Spanish-language radio station business, is based in Dallas.<ref>[http://www.emailwire.com/ Emailwire.com] – "[http://www.emailwire.com/cgi-bin/news/db.cgi?db=ads&uid=default&ID=3355&C1=Radio&view_records=1&full_view=1 Hispanic Broadcasting Corporation Announces Renan Almendarez Coello, El Cucuy De La Mañana, “is Taking His Career to New Heights”]{{dead link|date=November 2010}}." Originally published January 30, 2003. Retrieved on October 19, 2006.</ref> In 2003, HBC was acquired by Univision and became Univision Radio Inc., but the radio company remains headquartered in the city.<ref>[http://www.business.com/ Business.com] – [http://www.business.com/directory/media_and_entertainment/radio/hispanic_broadcasting_corporation/index.asp Hispanic Broadcasting Corporation]{{dead link|date=June 2011}}. Retrieved on October 19, 2006.</ref> |
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[[Slavic Voice of America]] media group serves Russian-speaking Americans out of Dallas, TX. |
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===Religion=== |
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[[File:The Catholic Cathedral of Santuario de Guadalupe in the Downtown Dallas Arts District, 10-26-10.jpg|thumb|upright|The Catholic [[Cathedral Santuario de Guadalupe]] juxtaposed against the JPMorgan Chase Bank Tower in the Downtown Dallas Arts District.]] |
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[[File:Gaston Avenue Baptist Church, Dallas, Texas.jpg|thumb|Gaston Avenue Baptist Church, Dallas, Texas (postcard, circa 1905-1924)]] |
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There is a large [[Protestantism|Protestant]] Christian influence in the Dallas community. [[Methodism|Methodist]], [[Baptist]], and Presbyterian churches are prominent in many neighborhoods and anchor two of the city's major private universities ([[Southern Methodist University]] and [[Dallas Baptist University]]). Dallas is also home to two evangelical seminaries, the [[Dallas Theological Seminary]] and [[Criswell College]] and many Bible schools including [[Christ For The Nations Institute]]. |
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Dallas is called "Prison Ministry Capital of the World" by prison ministry community. It is a home for [[International Network of Prison Ministries]], Coalition of Prison Evangelists, [[www.billglasscfl.org|Bill Glass Champions for Life]], for more than 30 years to Chaplain Ray's [http://chaplainray.com/ International Prison Ministry], and for more than [http://prisonministry.net/app/Mins/event/showCity/country/United%20States/state/Texas/city/Dallas.html 60 other prison ministries]. |
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The Catholic Church is also a significant organization in the Dallas area and operates the [[University of Dallas]], a liberal-arts university in the Dallas suburb of Irving. The [[Cathedral Santuario de Guadalupe]] in the [[Arts District, Dallas, Texas|Arts District]] is home to the second-largest Catholic church membership in the United States, and oversees over 70 parishes in the Dallas Diocese. The [[Society of Jesus]] operates the [[Jesuit College Preparatory School of Dallas]]. Dallas is also home to three [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox Christian]] churches.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.superpages.com/yellowpages/C-Orthodox+Churches/S-TX/T-Dallas/ |title=Orthodox churches in Dallas, Texas |publisher=Superpages.com |date= |accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref> The city of Dallas and Dallas County have more Catholic than Protestant residents, while the converse is usually true for the suburban areas of Dallas. |
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Dallas' Jewish population of approximately 45,000 is the largest of any city in Texas.<ref>[http://www.reporternews.com/news/2007/mar/11/jewish-population-small-in-number-large-in-in/ Jewish population small in number, large in influence in Texas] by Glenn Dromgoole. ''Abilene Reporter-News'', 11 Mar 2007. Retrieved 2012-04-27. This article is a review of ''Lone Stars of David: The Jews of Texas'', ed. Hollace Ava Weiner and Rabbi Kenneth D. Roseman (Brandeis University Press).</ref> Since the establishment of the city's first Jewish cemetery in 1854 and its first congregation (which would eventually be known as [[Temple Emanu-El (Dallas, Texas)|Temple Emanu-El]]) in 1873, Dallas Jews have been well represented among leaders in commerce, politics, and various professional fields in Dallas and elsewhere. See [[History of the Jews in Dallas, Texas]] for more information. |
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The [[Cathedral of Hope (Dallas)|Cathedral of Hope]] is a predominantly [[LGBT]] congregation located in the [[Oak Lawn, Dallas|Oak Lawn]] area. The Dallas Cathedral of Hope is said to be the world's largest Christian LGBT church. Located on the campus of the Cathedral of Hope, the Interfaith Peace Chapel was the last project that Priktzer award-winning architect [[Philip Johnson]] designed. Johnson is quoted as saying, "this is a building I’ve waited all my life to build. It will be my memorial." |
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[[File:Dallas LDS Temple by David B.jpeg|thumb|The [[Dallas Texas Temple]] of [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]]]] |
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The city is also home to a sizable [[Latter-day Saint]] community. [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] has fifteen [[Stake (Latter Day Saints)|stakes]] throughout Dallas and surrounding suburbs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lds.org/units/find/list/0,12835,2311-1-TX-UNITED%20STATES,00.html |title=Select Location |publisher=Lds.org |date= |accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref> The Church built the [[Dallas Texas Temple]], the first temple in Texas, in the city in 1984.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ldschurchtemples.com/dallas/ |title=Dallas Texas LDS (Mormon) Temple |publisher=Ldschurchtemples.com |date= |accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref> |
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[[Jehovah's Witnesses]] also have a large number of members throughout Dallas and surrounding suburbs. |
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There are several [[Unitarian Universalist]] congregations, including First Unitarian Church of Dallas, founded in 1903.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dallasuu.org/ |title=First Unitarian Church of Dallas official site |publisher=Dallasuu.org |date= |accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref> |
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Furthermore, a large [[Muslim community]] exists in the north and northeastern portions of Dallas, as well as in the northern Dallas suburbs. The oldest mosque in Texas is located in Denton, about {{convert|40|mi}} north of Downtown Dallas. The oldest mosque in Dallas is Masjid Al-Islam located just south of Downtown Dallas. |
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Dallas also has a large Buddhist community. Immigrants from [[Thailand]], Laos, [[Cambodia]], Vietnam, [[Nepal]], Tibet, Japan, China, Taiwan, and [[Sri Lanka]] have all contributed to the Buddhist population, which is concentrated in the northern suburbs of [[Garland, Texas|Garland]], [[Plano, Texas|Plano]] and [[Richardson, Texas|Richardson]]. Numerous Buddhist temples dot the Metroplex, including [http://www.watdallas.com/ The Buddhist Center of Dallas], Lien Hoa Vietnamese Temple of [[Irving, Texas|Irving]], and [http://www.meditationintexas.org/ Kadampa Meditation Center Texas] and Wat Buddhamahamunee of [[Arlington, Texas|Arlington]]. |
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A sizable [[Sikh]] community resides in Dallas and its surrounding suburbs. There are at least three [[Sikh]] [[Gurudwara]]s in this metropolitan area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sikhtempledallas.org/ |title=Sikh Temple of North Texas |publisher=Sikhtempledallas.org |accessdate=May 23, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gurdwararichardson.org/ |title=Gurdwara Singh Sabha of North Texas, Richardson |publisher=Gurdwararichardson.org |accessdate=May 23, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gurdwara.us/south.html |title=Sikh Gurdwaras in USA – Sikh Gurdwara in USA |publisher=Gurdwara.us |accessdate=May 23, 2010}}</ref> |
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There are several [[Hindu]] temples in DFW area in cities such as Irving and the Indian Community is growing in the DFW Metroplex. There's also a Jain Temple, ISKCON (Hare Krishna) Temple, Sai Baba Temple and other temples in DFW. |
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For the atheist, agnostic, nonbeliever and strictly spiritual individuals, there is "The Winter SolstiCelebration". After 15 years, this celebration has become a minor Dallas cultural tradition for the "spiritual but not religious" people of North Texas. "That gentle rejection of commonly held ideas fills many of those who will take part in the event. They are mostly people who refuse to be pigeonholed by any one religion – but who long for the sense of community that an organized faith supplies."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/localnews/stories/DN-solstice_21met.ART0.North.Edition1.37a06fc.html |title=Dallas solstice celebration fills a void for the nonreligious |accessdate=December 21, 2007}}{{dead link|date=June 2011}}</ref> |
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===Events=== |
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[[File:Red River Shootout 2006.jpg|thumb|250px|The Texas/OU Red River Shootout in 2006.]] |
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The most notable event held in Dallas is the [[State Fair of Texas]], which has been held annually at [[Fair Park]] since 1886. The fair is a massive event, bringing in an estimated $350 million to the city's economy annually. The [[Red River Shootout]], which pits the [[University of Texas at Austin]] against [[University of Oklahoma|The University of Oklahoma]] at the [[Cotton Bowl (stadium)|Cotton Bowl]] also brings significant crowds to the city. The city also hosts a series of bowl games including the [[Ticket City Bowl]] at the [[Cotton Bowl (stadium)|Cotton Bowl]], the [[Cotton Bowl Classic]] held at [[AT&T Stadium]], and [[Armed Forces Bowl]] held at [[Gerald J. Ford Stadium]] owned by [[Southern Methodist University]]. |
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Other festivals in the area include several [[Cinco de Mayo]] celebrations hosted by the city's large [[Mexican American]] population, and [[Saint Patrick's Day]] parade along [[Lower Greenville, Dallas, Texas|Lower Greenville Avenue]], [[Juneteenth]] festivities, the [[Greek Food Festival of Dallas]], the annual Halloween event "The Wake" featuring lots of local art and music, and two annual events on Halloween include; a Halloween parade on [[Oak Lawn, Dallas, Texas|Cedar Springs Road]] and a "Zombie Walk" held in [[Downtown Dallas]] in the [[Arts District]]. |
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With the opening of [[Victory Park, Dallas, Texas|Victory Park]], WFAA Channel 8 has begun to host an annual New Year's Eve celebration in AT&T Plaza that the television station hopes will reminisce of celebrations in New York's [[Times Square]], and on New Year's Eve 2011 set a new record of 32,000 people in attendance. Also, several Omni hotels in the Dallas area host large events to welcome in the new year including murder mystery parties, rave inspired events, and other events. The city has their own New Year's Day parade, the [[Comerica Bank New Year's Parade]]. |
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==Sports== |
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{{See also|U.S. cities with teams from four major sports}} |
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Dallas is home to teams in all four major sports: the [[Dallas Cowboys]] ([[National Football League]]), [[Dallas Mavericks]] ([[National Basketball Association]]), [[Texas Rangers (baseball)|Texas Rangers]] ([[Major League Baseball]]), and [[Dallas Stars]] ([[National Hockey League]]). |
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In 2011, Dallas became the first city to host the [[Super Bowl]], the [[World Series]], and the [[NBA Finals]], all within the same 12-month period. Both the [[Texas Rangers (baseball)|Texas Rangers]] and [[Dallas Mavericks]] won successive playoff games to reach the championship in their respective sports, whereas the [[Cowboys Stadium]] in [[Arlington, Texas|Arlington]] was chosen in advance to host the Super Bowl. |
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===Soccer=== |
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The [[Major League Soccer]] team [[FC Dallas]], formerly the Dallas Burn, used to play in the [[Cotton Bowl (stadium)|Cotton Bowl]], but moved to [[FC Dallas Stadium]] (formerly Pizza Hut Park) in [[Frisco, Texas|Frisco]] upon the stadium's opening in 2005.<ref>[http://fc.dallas.mlsnet.com/ FC Dallas] – [http://fc.dallas.mlsnet.com/t104/about/ About]{{dead link|date=November 2010}}. Although FC Dallas has not yet won a MLS Cup, they won the [[Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup]] in 1997. Retrieved on October 20, 2006.</ref> |
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The [[Dallas Sidekicks (1984–2004)|Dallas Sidekicks]], a former team of the [[Major Indoor Soccer League (1978–1992)|Major Indoor Soccer League]], used to play in [[Reunion Arena]], as did the Mavericks and Stars before their move to the American Airlines Center.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dallassidekicks.com/ |title=Dallas Sidekicks |publisher=Dallas Sidekicks |date= |accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref> The Sidekicks currently play at the [[Allen Event Center]]. |
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===Hockey=== |
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[[File:Dallas Stars at the American Airlines Center.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Dallas Stars]] at the American Airlines Center.]] |
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Dallas is the home of the [[Dallas Stars]]. They are members of the [[Pacific Division (NHL)|Pacific Division]] of the [[Western Conference (NHL)|Western Conference]] of the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL). The Stars have won seven division titles in Dallas, two [[President's Trophy|President's Trophies]] as the top regular season team in the NHL, the [[Western Conference (NHL)|Western Conference]] championship twice, and in [[1998–99 NHL season|1998–99]], the [[Stanley Cup]]. The team plays its home games at the [[American Airlines Center]]. |
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The [[Allen Americans]], founded for the 2009–10 season, play in the Berry Conference of the [[Central Hockey League]]. Their home arena is the Allen Event Center located in Allen, Texas, approximately 30 minutes northeast of Dallas. The [[Texas Tornado]], three-time defending champions of the [[North American Hockey League]], plays at the [[Dr Pepper Arena]] in [[Frisco, Texas|Frisco]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tornadohockey.com/ |title=Pointstreak Sites | NAHL Texas Tornado | Splash Page |publisher=Tornadohockey.com |date= |accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref> |
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===Football=== |
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Multiple different teams were referred to as the "Dallas Texans". The [[Dallas Texans (NFL)]] played the [[National Football League]] for one season in 1952. Another version of the Dallas Texans was a charter member of the American Football League IV in 1960, before becoming the [[Kansas City Chiefs]] in 1963. Another version, the [[Dallas Texans (Arena)|Dallas Texans]] competed in the now-defunct [[Arena Football League (1987–2008)|Arena Football League]] from 1990–1993, after which the AFL team was the [[Dallas Desperados]] from 2002–2008. In 2010, the [[Dallas Vigilantes]] began playing in the American Airlines Center as a part of the restructured Arena Football League. |
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Nearby Arlington, Texas is the new home to the [[Dallas Cowboys]] of the [[National Football League]]. Since joining the league as an expansion team in 1960, the Cowboys have enjoyed substantial success, advancing to eight [[Super Bowls]] and winning five; according to profootballreference.com, as of the end of the 2009 season they were the winningest active NFL franchise. Known widely as "America's Team", the [[Dallas Cowboys]] are financially the most valuable sports 'franchise' in the United States, worth approximately 1.5 billion dollars.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/2007/09/13/nfl-team-valuations-biz-07nfl_cz_kb_mo_cs_0913nfl_land.html |title=The Business Of Football |publisher=Forbes.com |date=2007-09-13 |accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref> They are also the second most valuable sports organization in the world. The Cowboys are only out-valued by [[Manchester United]], who are valued at 1.8 billion dollars.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/lists/2008/34/biz_soccer08_Manchester-United_340001.html |title=#1 Manchester United |work=Forbes |date=June 30, 2007 |accessdate=May 23, 2010}}</ref> In 2009, the Cowboys relocated to their new 80,000-seat [[AT&T Stadium|stadium]] in Arlington, which was the site of [[Super Bowl XLV]].<ref>[http://www.dallascowboys.com/history_year.cfm Dallas Cowboys]{{dead link|date=November 2010}} – [http://www.dallascowboys.com/history_year.cfm History]{{dead link|date=November 2010}}. Retrieved on October 20, 2006.</ref> The college [[Cotton Bowl Classic]] football game was played at the [[Cotton Bowl (stadium)|Cotton Bowl]] through its [[2009 Cotton Bowl Classic|2009 game]], but has moved to [[AT&T Stadium]]. |
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===Basketball=== |
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[[File:NowitzkiWizards3.jpg|thumb|190px|Dirk Nowitzki playing with the Dallas Mavericks]] |
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The city is home to the [[Dallas Mavericks]]. Their original arena was the now demolished [[Reunion Arena]], but now they play at the [[American Airlines Center]]. They won their first championship in 2011 led by their German superstar [[Dirk Nowitzki]]. |
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===Baseball=== |
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Also in Arlington is [[Rangers Ballpark in Arlington|Rangers Ballpark]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://texas.rangers.mlb.com/tex/ballpark/index.jsp |title=Rangers Ballpark in Arlington | texasrangers.com: Ballpark |publisher=Texas.rangers.mlb.com |date=1994-04-01 |accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref> home of the 2010 and 2011 American League Champion<ref name="ALCS_Champs">{{cite web|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/video/play.jsp?content_id=12892975 |title=2010/2011 ALCS Champion |publisher=Mlb.mlb.com |date=2013-03-12 |accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref> [[Texas Rangers (baseball)|Texas Rangers]] of [[Major League Baseball]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://texas.rangers.mlb.com/NASApp/mlb/tex/ballpark/index.jsp |title=Rangers Ballpark in Arlington | texasrangers.com: Ballpark |publisher=Texas.rangers.mlb.com |date=1994-04-01 |accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref> |
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===Horse racing=== |
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About halfway between Dallas and Fort Worth, [[horse-racing]] takes place at [[Lone Star Park]] in Grand Prairie. |
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===Rugby League=== |
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The [[Dallas Dragons]], formed in 2010 are part of the [[AMNRL]]'s Western Expansion. |
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===Rugby Union=== |
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[[Rugby union]] is a developing sport in Dallas as well as the whole of Texas. The multiple clubs, ranging from [[Rugby union in the United States|men's and women's clubs]] to [[College rugby|collegiate]] and high school, are part of the [[Western Rugby Football Union|Texas Rugby Football Union]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.texasrugbyunion.com/ |title=Rugby Football Union |publisher=Texasrugbyunion.com |accessdate=August 14, 2010}}</ref> Currently Dallas is one of only 16 cities in the United States included in the [[Rugby Super League (US)|Rugby Super League]]<ref>[http://www.usarugbysuperleague.com|Official USA Super League Website]</ref> represented by [[Dallas Harlequins]].<ref>[http://www.quins.com|Dallas Harlequins Official Website]</ref> |
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===Cricket=== |
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Cricket is another sport that is popular among diaspora from South Asian countries. Local universities such as [[Southern Methodist University|SMU]], University of Texas at Arlington and [[University of Texas at Dallas]] have their own cricket clubs that are affiliated with USA Cricket. |
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===Other sports=== |
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Other teams in the Dallas-Fort Worth area include the Fort Worth Cats and the Grand Prairie AirHogs, minor league baseball teams. The [[Dallas Diamonds]], the two-time national champions of the [[Women's Professional Football League]], play in [[North Richland Hills, Texas|North Richland Hills]].<ref>[http://www.dallasdiamondsfootball.com/ Dallas Diamonds] – Information from home page. Retrieved on October 20, 2006.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dallasdiamondsfootball.com/stadium.htm |title=Stadium |publisher=Dallasdiamondsfootball.com |date= |accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref> [[McKinney, Texas|McKinney]] is home to the Dallas Revolution, an [[Independent Women's Football League]] team.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dallasrevolution.com/ |title=Dallas Revolution |publisher=Dallas Revolution |date= |accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref> The [[Dallas Bluestorm]] was a charter of the [[United National Gridiron League]], a proposed minor football league that had planned to begin play in 2010. |
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Dallas has no major college sports program within its political boundaries, although it has one such program within its city limits—the [[SMU Mustangs|Mustangs]] of [[Southern Methodist University]] are located in the enclave of [[University Park, Texas|University Park]]. Neighboring cities [[Fort Worth, Texas|Fort Worth]], Arlington, and [[Denton, Texas|Denton]] are home to the [[Texas Christian University]] [[TCU Horned Frogs|Horned Frogs]], [[University of Texas at Arlington]] [[UT Arlington Mavericks|Mavericks]], and [[University of North Texas]] [[North Texas Mean Green|Mean Green]] respectively. |
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Major league sports teams in the Dallas-Fort Worth area: |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|- |
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! scope="col" | Club |
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! scope="col" | League |
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! scope="col" | Sport |
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! scope="col" | Venue |
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! scope="col" | Established |
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! scope="col" | Championships |
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|- |
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! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[Texas Rangers (baseball)|Texas Rangers]] |
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| [[Major League Baseball|MLB]] 1972–Present |
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| Baseball |
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| [[Arlington Stadium]] 1972–1993<br />[[Rangers Ballpark in Arlington]] 1994 – present |
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| 1972 |
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| 2 American League Championship Titles – 2010, 2011 |
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|- |
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! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[Dallas Cowboys]] |
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| [[National Football League|NFL]] 1960–Present |
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| Football |
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| [[Cotton Bowl (stadium)]] 1960–1970<br />[[Texas Stadium]] 1971–2008<br />[[AT&T Stadium]] 2009 – present |
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| 1960 |
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| 5 Super Bowls – 1971 (VI), 1977 (XII), 1992 (XXVII), 1993 (XXVIII), 1995 (XXX)<br /> 8 National Football Conference Championship Titles – 1970, 1971, 1975, 1977, 1978, 1992, 1993, 1995 |
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|- |
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! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[Dallas Stars]] |
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| [[National Hockey League|NHL]] 1993–Present |
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| Hockey |
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| [[Reunion Arena]] 1993–2001<br />[[American Airlines Center]] 2002 – present |
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| 1993 |
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| 1 Stanley Cup – 1999<br /> 2 Western Conference Championship Titles – 1999, 2000 |
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|- |
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! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[Dallas Mavericks]] |
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| [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] 1980–Present |
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| Basketball |
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| [[Reunion Arena]] 1980–2001<br />[[American Airlines Center]] 2002 – present |
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| 1980 |
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| 1 NBA Title – 2011 <br /> 2 Western Conference Championship Titles – 2006, 2011 |
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|- |
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! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[FC Dallas]] |
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| [[Major League Soccer|MLS]] 1995–Present |
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| Soccer |
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| [[Cotton Bowl (stadium)|Cotton Bowl]] 1996–2002, 2004<br />[[Dragon Stadium, Southlake|Dragon Stadium]] 2003<br />[[FC Dallas Stadium|Pizza Hut Park/FC Dallas Stadium]] 2005 – present |
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| 1995 |
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| 1 Western Conference Championship Title – 2010<br />1 U.S. Open Cup – 1997 |
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|- |
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! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[Dallas Sidekicks (2012)|Dallas Sidekicks]] |
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| [[Major Indoor Soccer League (1978-1992)|MISL]] 1984-1992<br />[[Continental Indoor Soccer League|CISL]] 1993-1997<br />[[World Indoor Soccer League|WISL]] 1998-2001<br />[[Major Indoor Soccer League (2001-2008)|MISL]] 2002-2004<br />[[Professional Arena Soccer League|PASL]] 2012–Present |
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| Indoor Soccer |
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| [[Reunion Arena]] 1984–2004<br />[[Allen Event Center]] 2012–present |
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| 1984–2004<br />2012 |
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| 1 MISL Title 1987<br />1 CISL Title 1993<br />2 WISL Titles 1998, 2001 |
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|} |
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As reported by Olympic news outlet Around the Rings, Dallas is looking at a 2020 Summer Olympics bid. Those in favor of Dallas say that it should be chosen because no major stadiums would have to be built for the games.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aroundtherings.com/articles/view.aspx?id=37222 |title=Tokyo Mayor Confirms Bid Desire; Dallas 2020 Rumbling |publisher=Aroundtherings.com |date=2011-06-17 |accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref> |
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====Recreation==== |
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[[File:Reverchon Park.jpg|thumb|A local league baseball game at [[Reverchon Park]]]] |
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The City of Dallas maintains and operates 406 parks on {{convert|21000|acre|km2|0}} of parkland. Its flagship park is the {{convert|260|acre|km2|2|sing=on}} [[Fair Park]], which hosted the [[Texas Centennial Exposition]] in 1936. The city is also home to Texas' first and largest zoo, the {{convert|95|acre|km2|2}} [[Dallas Zoo]], which opened at its current location in 1888.<ref>[http://www.dallaszoo.com/ DallasZoo.com] – [http://www.dallaszoo.com/general/general.asp?page=gi General Information]{{dead link|date=November 2010}}. Retrieved on September 28, 2006.</ref> |
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The city's parks contain 17 separate lakes, including [[White Rock Lake|White Rock]] and [[Bachman Lake|Bachman]] lakes, spanning a total of {{convert|4400|acre|km2|2}}. In addition, Dallas is traversed by {{convert|61.6|mi|km|1}} of biking and jogging trails, including the [[Katy Trail of Dallas|Katy Trail]], and is home to 47 community and neighborhood recreation centers, 276 sports fields, 60 swimming pools, 232 playgrounds, 173 basketball courts, 112 volleyball courts, 126 play slabs, 258 neighborhood tennis courts, 258 picnic areas, six 18-hole golf courses, two driving ranges, and 477 athletic fields.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dallasparks.org/Facilities/facilitiesmain.aspx |title=Facilities |publisher=Dallasparks.org |date= |accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref> |
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As part of the ongoing [[Trinity River Project]], the Great Trinity Forest, at {{convert|6000|acres|km2}}, is the largest urban hardwood forest in the United States and is part of the largest urban park in the United States.<ref name="The Great Trinity Forest-Dallas"/> The Trinity River Audubon Center is a new addition to the park. Opened in 2008, it serves as a gateway to many trails and other nature viewing activities in the area. The Trinity River Audubon Center is the first LEED-certified building constructed by the City of Dallas Parks and Recreation Department. |
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Dallas also hosts three of the twenty-one preserves of the extensive ({{convert|3200|acre|km2}}) Dallas County Preserve System. Both the Joppa Preserve, the McCommas Bluff Preserve the Cedar Ridge Preserve are all within the Dallas city limits. The Cedar Ridge Preserve was formerly known as the Dallas Nature Center, but management was turned over to Audubon Dallas group, which now manages the {{convert|633|acre|km2|adj=on}} natural habitat park on behalf of the City of Dallas and Dallas County. The preserve sits at an elevation of {{convert|755|ft|m}} above sea level, and contains a variety of outdoor activities, including {{convert|10|mi}} of hiking trails and picnic areas. |
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Just southwest of Dallas is [[Cedar Hill State Park]], maintained by the [[Texas Parks and Wildlife]] state agency. A {{convert|1826|acre|km2|adj=on}} urban nature preserve, the park is located on the {{convert|7500|acre|km2|adj=on}} Joe Pool Reservoir, and offers activities such as mountain biking, birding, camping and fishing; swimming is allowed at the swimming beach only.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/spdest/findadest/parks/cedar_hill/ |title=Texas Parks and Wildlife online |publisher=Tpwd.state.tx.us |date=December 4, 2009 |accessdate=August 14, 2010}}</ref> |
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To the west of Dallas in Arlington is [[Six Flags Over Texas]], the original franchise in the Six Flags theme park chain. [[Hurricane Harbor]], a large water park owned by Six Flags, is also in Arlington. |
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==Economy== |
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{{See also|List of companies in Dallas|List of shopping malls in the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex}} |
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{| class="toc" style="float:right; font-size:90%; text-align:center; margin:1em;" |
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|- |
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| colspan="6" style="background:tan;"|'''Top publicly traded companies<br /> in Dallas for 2009'''<br />according to revenues<br /> with Dallas and U.S. ranks. |
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|- |
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| style="background:#ccc;"| '''DAL'''|||| style="background:#ccc;"|'''Corporation'''|||| style="background:#ccc;"|'''US''' |
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|- |
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| 1||||[[AT&T Inc.|AT&T]]||||7 |
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|- |
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| 2||||[[Dean Foods]]||||208 |
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|- |
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| 3||||[[Texas Instruments]]||||223 |
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|- |
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| 4||||[[Southwest Airlines]]||||229 |
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|- |
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| 5||||[[Energy Future Holdings Corporation]]||||246 |
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|- |
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| 6||||[[Tenet Healthcare]]||||253 |
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|- |
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| 7||||[[Affiliated Computer Services]]||||341 |
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|- |
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| 8||||[[Energy Transfer Equity]]|||||388 |
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|- |
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| 9||||[[Celanese]]||||414 |
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|- |
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| 10||||[[Atmos Energy]]||||424 |
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|- |
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| 11||||[[Holly Corporation]]||||431 |
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|- |
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| 12||||[[Blockbuster Inc.]]||||500 |
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|- |
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| colspan="5"|''Further information:''<br /> [[List of companies in Dallas/Ft.Worth]]<br /> |
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'''''Source:''''': ''Fortune''<ref name="Fortune 500 Texas 2010">[[Fortune 500]]: [http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2010/states/TX.html Texas Companies 2010] – Retrieved on May 18, 2010</ref> |
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|} |
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[[File:AT&THQDallas.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Whitacre Tower]], the World Headquarters of AT&T in [[Downtown Dallas]]]] |
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[[File:Texas instruments gate3 dallas tx usa 2009-08-07.jpg|thumb|left|The World Headquarters of [[Texas Instruments]] in North Dallas]] |
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[[File:Bank One Center.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Comerica Bank Tower]], Comerica Bank's national headquarters in Downtown Dallas]] |
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[[File:Southwest airlines hq from east 2009-06-22.jpg|thumb|The national headquarters of [[Southwest Airlines]] at Dallas Love Field Airport just north of Downtown Dallas]] |
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In its beginnings, Dallas relied on farming, neighboring [[Fort Worth, Texas|Fort Worth]]'s [[Fort Worth Stockyards|Stockyards]], and its prime location on Native American trade routes to sustain itself. Dallas' key to growth came in 1873 with the building of multiple [[Rail road|rail]] lines through the city. As Dallas grew and technology developed, cotton became its boon and by 1900 Dallas was the largest inland cotton market in the world, becoming a leader in [[cotton gin]] machinery manufacturing. By the early 1900s Dallas was a hub for economic activity all over the Southern United States and was selected in 1914 as the seat of the [[Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas|Eleventh Federal Reserve District]]. By 1925 Texas churned out more than ⅓ of the nation's cotton crop, with 31% of Texas cotton produced within a {{convert|100|mi|km|adj=on}} [[radius]] of Dallas. In the 1930s petroleum was discovered east of Dallas near [[Kilgore, Texas]]. Dallas' proximity to the discovery put it immediately at the center of the nation's petroleum market. Petroleum discoveries in the [[Permian Basin (North America)|Permian Basin]], the [[Texas Panhandle|Panhandle]], the [[Gulf Coast of the United States|Gulf Coast]], and [[Oklahoma]] in the following years further solidified Dallas' position as the hub of the market.<ref name="paynechapV">{{cite book |last=Payne |first=Darwin |title= Dallas, an illustrated history |year=1982 |publisher=Windsor Publications |location=Woodland Hills, California |isbn= 0-89781-034-1 |pages=189–221 |chapter= Chapter VII: The Emergence of "Big D"}}</ref> |
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The end of World War II left Dallas seeded with a nexus of communications, engineering, and production talent by companies such as Collins Radio Corporation. Decades later, the telecommunications and information revolutions still drive a large portion of the local economy. The city is sometimes referred to as the heart of "[[Silicon Prairie]]" because of a high concentration of telecommunications companies in the region, the epicenter of which lies along the ''[[Telecom Corridor]]'' located in [[Richardson, Texas|Richardson]], a northern suburb of Dallas. The Corridor is home to more than 5,700 companies<ref>[http://www.telecomcorridor.com/ Telecom Corridor website]. Retrieved February 21, 2006.</ref> including [[Texas Instruments]] (headquartered in Dallas), [[Nortel Networks]], [[Alcatel Lucent]], [[AT&T Inc.|AT&T]], [[Ericsson]], [[Fujitsu]], [[Nokia]], [[Rockwell Collins]], [[Cisco Systems]], [[Sprint Corporation|Sprint]], [[Verizon Communications]], [[XO Communications]] and until recently{{When|date=January 2010}} [[CompUSA]] (which is now headquartered in Miami,FL). |
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In the 1980s Dallas was a real estate hotbed, with the increasing metropolitan population bringing with it a demand for new housing and office space. Several of [[Downtown Dallas]]' largest buildings are the fruit of this boom, but over-speculation and the [[savings and loan crisis]] prevented any further additions to Dallas' skyline. Between the late 1980s and the early 2000s, central Dallas went through a slow period of growth and has only recently recovered. Since 2000, the real estate market in the [[Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex]] has been relatively resilient. However, Dallas is among the largest cities in the U.S. where rent declined significantly. Whereas the national decline in rent is approximately 4%, Dallas rent declined an average of 8% in early 2010.<ref name=name>{{cite web|url= http://economywatchblog.dallasnews.com/archives/2010/02/dallas-apartment-rents-dive.html|title= Dallas News: Dallas Rents Dives|accessdate =October 28, 2010 }}</ref> |
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[[Texas Instruments]], a major manufacturer, employs 10,400 people at its corporate headquarters and chip plants in Dallas. Defense and aircraft manufacturing dominates the economy of nearby Fort Worth.<ref>[http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/implementation/air/sip/dfw.html Dallas-Fort Worth Ozone Nonattainment Area]{{dead link|date=November 2010}}. Retrieved October 1, 2006. {{Wayback | url=http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/implementation/air/sip/dfw.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> | date=20060721164601 }}{{dead link|date=November 2010}}</ref><ref>[http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/factsheet.shtml Texas Instruments] – [http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/factsheet.shtml Fact Sheet]. Retrieved October 1, 2006.</ref> |
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The Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex has one of the largest concentrations of corporate headquarters for publicly traded companies in the United States. The city of Dallas has 12 Fortune 500 companies,<ref name="Fortune 500 Top Cities 2010" /> and the DFW region as a whole has 20.<ref name="Fortune 500 2011">[[Fortune 500]]: [http://www.ntc-dfw.org/northtexas/corphq.html Fortune 500 HQs 2011] – Retrieved on May 2011</ref> In 2007–08, [[Comerica Incorporated|Comerica Bank]] and [[AT&T Inc.|AT&T]] located their headquarters in Dallas. [[Irving, Texas|Irving]] is home to four [[Fortune 500]] companies of its own, including [[ExxonMobil]], the most profitable company in the world and the second largest by revenue for 2008,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2008/full_list/ |title=Fortune 500 2008: Fortune 1000 1-100 |publisher=Money.cnn.com |date=2008-05-05 |accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref> [[Kimberly-Clark]], [[Fluor Corporation|Fluor]] (engineering), and [[Commercial Metals]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2008/states/TX.html |title=Fortune 500 2008: States - Texas |publisher=Money.cnn.com |date=2008-05-05 |accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref> Additional companies headquartered in the Metroplex include [[Southwest Airlines]], [[American Airlines]], [[RadioShack]], [[Neiman Marcus]], [[7-Eleven]], [[Brinker International]], [[AMS Pictures]], [[id Software]], [[ENSCO International|ENSCO Offshore Drilling]], [[Mary Kay Cosmetics]], [[Chuck E. Cheese's]], [[Zale Corporation|Zales]] and [[Fossil, Inc.|Fossil]]. Corporate headquarters in the northern suburb of [[Plano, Texas|Plano]] include [[HP Enterprise Services]], [[Frito Lay]], [[Dr Pepper Snapple Group]], and [[JCPenney]]. Many of these companies—and others throughout the DFW metroplex—comprise the [[Dallas Regional Chamber]]. |
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[[Susan G. Komen for the Cure]], the world's largest breast cancer organization<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jerusalem.usconsulate.gov/pr-03272007b.html |title=Ambassador Nancy G. Brinker, Founder of the World's Largest (March 27, 2007) |publisher=Jerusalem.usconsulate.gov |date=March 27, 2007 |accessdate=May 23, 2010}}{{dead link|date=February 2012}}</ref> was founded and is headquartered in Dallas. |
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In addition to its large number of businesses, Dallas has more shopping centers per capita than any other city in the United States and is also home to the second shopping center ever built in the United States, [[Highland Park Village]], which opened in 1931.<ref name="VisitDallas_Shopping">[http://www.visitdallas.com/ VisitDallas.com] – [http://www.visitdallas.com/shared/file.download.php?id=259 Shopping in Dallas]. ('''[[Portable Document Format|PDF]]'''.) Retrieved February 20, 2007.</ref> Dallas is home of the two other major malls in North Texas, the [[Dallas Galleria]] and [[NorthPark Center]], which is the 2nd largest mall in Texas. Both malls feature high-end stores and are major tourist draws for the region.{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}} |
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According to Forbes Magazine's annual list of "The Richest People in America" published September 21, 2011, the city itself is now home to 17 billionaires, up from 14 in 2009. In 2009 (with 14 billionaires) the city placed 6th worldwide among cities with the most billionaires.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Richest People in America, September 21, 2011|url=http://www.forbes.com/forbes-400/#p_34_s_astate_All%20industries_All%20states_All%20categories_|work=Forbes Magazine|accessdate=October 26, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Top World Cities for Billionaires, April 22, 2009|url=http://www.overseaspropertymall.com/stats/top-world-cities-for-billionaires/|publisher=Overseas Property Mall, Guide to International Real Estate Investment|accessdate=October 26, 2011}}</ref> The ranking does not even take into account the 8 billionaires who live in the neighboring city of [[Fort Worth]]. |
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Dallas is currently the third most popular destination for business travel in the United States, and the [[Dallas Convention Center]] is one of the largest and busiest convention centers in the country, at over {{convert|1000000|sqft|m2}}, and the world's single-largest column-free exhibit hall.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dallascvb.com/meetings/why_dallas/ |title=Meeting Professionals – Why Dallas? |publisher=Dallascvb.com |accessdate=August 14, 2010}}</ref> |
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==Law and government== |
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{{Main|Law and government of Dallas}} |
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{{See also|List of mayors of Dallas|Sister cities of Dallas}} |
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[[File:DallasCityHallB.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Dallas City Hall]].]] |
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The city uses a [[council-manager government]], with [[Mike Rawlings]] serving as Mayor, A.C. Gonzalez serving as interim city manager, and 14 council members serving as representatives to the 14 council districts in the city.<ref name="mayor">[http://www.dallascityhall.com/ City of Dallas] – [http://www.dallascityhall.com/government/mayor/mayor.html Mayor]. Retrieved October 16, 2006.</ref><ref name="manager">[http://www.dallascityhall.com/ City of Dallas] – [http://dallascityhall.com/government/CityManager/city_manager_gonzalez.html City Manager]. Retrieved January 13, 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.dallascityhall.com/ City of Dallas] – [http://www.dallascityhall.com/government/government.html Government]. Retrieved October 16, 2006.</ref> This organizational structure was recently contested by some in favor of a strong-mayor city charter, only to be rejected by Dallas voters. |
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In the 2006–2007 fiscal year, the city's total [[government budget|budget]] (the sum of [[operating budget|operating]] and capital budgets) was $2,344,314,114.<ref name="0607budget">[http://www.dallascityhall.com/Budget/Introduction.pdf City of Dallas FY06-07 Adopted Budget Overview]. ('''[[Portable Document Format|PDF]]'''). Retrieved October 17, 2006.</ref> The city has seen a steady increase in its budget throughout its history due to sustained growth: the budget was $1,717,449,783 in 2002–2003,<ref name="0304budget">[http://dallascityhall.org/pdf/FY04AdoptedBudget/Introduction/Introduction.pdf City of Dallas FY03-04 Adopted Budget Overview]. ('''[[Portable Document Format|PDF]]'''). Retrieved May 9, 2006.</ref> $1,912,845,956 in 2003–2004,<ref name="0304budget" /> $2,049,685,734 in 2004–2005,<ref name="0506budget">[http://dallascityhall.org/pdf/FY06AdoptedBudget/Overview/Overview.pdf City of Dallas FY05-06 Adopted Budget Overview]. ('''[[Portable Document Format|PDF]]'''). Retrieved May 9, 2006.</ref> and $2,218,345,070 in 2005–2006.<ref name="0506budget" /> |
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National and state legislators representing Dallas: |
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{{Dallas politics}} |
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The [[United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas]], which exercises original jurisdiction over 100 counties in North and West Texas, convenes in the [[Earle Cabell Federal Building and Courthouse]] in the [[Government District, Dallas, Texas|Government District]] of [[Downtown Dallas|Downtown]]. The same building additionally houses [[United States Bankruptcy Court|United States Bankruptcy]] and Magistrate Courts and a [[United States Attorney]] office. Dallas also is the seat of the Fifth Court of Appeals of Texas. |
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===Politics=== |
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As a city, present-day Dallas can be seen as moderate, with conservative Republicans dominating the wealthy suburban neighborhoods of [[North Dallas]] and liberal Democrats dominating neighborhoods closer to [[Downtown Dallas|Downtown]] as well as the city's [[South Dallas|southern sector]]. As a continuation of its suburban northern neighborhoods, Dallas' northern parts are overwhelmingly conservative. [[Plano, Texas|Plano]], the largest of these suburbs, was ranked as the fifth most conservative city in America by the Bay Area Center for Voting Research, based on the voting patterns of middle-age adults. |
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Jim Schutze of the ''[[Dallas Observer]]'' said in 2002 "the early vote in majority-black precincts in Southern Dallas is the city's only disciplined vote. Especially in citywide elections on issues that are not entwined in the internal politics of the black community, the [[South Dallas|Southern Dallas]] African-American vote has a history of responding obediently to the call of leadership."<ref>Schutze, Jim. "Absentee Minded." ''[[Dallas Observer]]''. August 30, 2001. [http://www.dallasobserver.com/2001-08-30/news/absentee-minded/2 2]. Retrieved on January 12, 2010.</ref> |
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In the 2004 U.S. Presidential elections, 57% of Dallas voters voted for [[John Kerry]] over [[George W. Bush]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pages.sbcglobal.net/tom.blackwell/ |title=DemocraticResearch Blog |publisher=Pages.sbcglobal.net |date=July 4, 2001 |accessdate=May 23, 2010}}</ref> Dallas County as a whole was closely divided, with 50% of voters voting for Bush and 49% voting for Kerry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/statesub.php?year=2004&fips=48113&f=0&off=0&elect=0 |title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections – State Data |publisher=Uselectionatlas.org |accessdate=August 14, 2010}}</ref> |
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In 2004, [[Lupe Valdez]] was elected Dallas County [[Sheriff]]. An open lesbian, Valdez is currently the only female sheriff in the state of Texas. Despite controversies in her handling of county jails, she won re-election in 2008 with a 10-point victory over Republican challenger Lowell Cannaday.<ref>[http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/politics/local/stories/DN-dalsheriff_05met.ART.State.Edition2.4a497e1.html]{{dead link|date=June 2011}}. Retrieved on November 10, 2008.</ref> |
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Conservative Republican [[Tom Leppert]] defeated liberal Democrat [[Ed Oakley]] in the city's 2007 mayoral race by a margin of 58% to 42%. Though candidates' political leanings are well publicized in the media, Dallas' elections are officially non-partisan. The city's previous mayor was [[Laura Miller]], a liberal Jewish woman who had previously written for the ''[[Dallas Observer]]'', the city's most popular alternative newspaper.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} |
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[[Cathie Adams]], named chairman in October 2009 of the Republican Party of Texas, is a long-time [[Conservative (politics)|conservative]] political activist from Dallas.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} |
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===Crime and law enforcement=== |
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[[File:Dallas Police Department Headquarters.jpg|thumb|250px|The [[Dallas Police Department|Dallas Police]] headquarters in the [[Cedars, Dallas, Texas|Cedars]] neighborhood.]] |
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Policing in Dallas is provided predominantly by the [[Dallas Police Department]], which has around 3,500 officers.<ref name="Dallas Police Officer Headcount">{{cite web |url=http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/localnews/stories/DN-dpdhiring_05met.ART0.State.Edition1.4bc315c.html |title=Stimulus Money Will Put More Cops on Dallas Streets |publisher=Dallas Morning News |year=2009 |accessdate=August 7, 2009}}{{dead link|date=June 2011}}</ref> The Dallas chief of police is David Brown (effective May 5, 2010).<ref name="dallasgovernment">[http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/localnews/stories/042910dnmetchiefnamed.41b9082.html]. Retrieved April 30, 2010.</ref> The Police Headquarters are located in the Cedars neighborhood of [[South Dallas]]. |
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According to the FBI, a city to city comparison of crime rates is not meaningful, because recording practices vary from city to city, citizens report different percentages of crimes from one city to the next, and the actual number of people physically present in a city is unknown.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/06prelim/ |title=Preliminary Annual Uniform Crime Report, January–December, 2006 |publisher=Fbi.gov |date=June 4, 2007 |accessdate=May 23, 2010}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> With that in mind, Dallas' violent crime rate (12.06 per 1,000 people) is lower than that of [[St Louis]] (24.81), Detroit (24.22), [[Baltimore]] (16.96), [[Philadelphia]] (15.62), [[Cleveland]] (15.47), Miami (15.09), Washington, D.C. (14.48), [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]] (14.44) and Boston (13.39). However, [[Houston]] (11.69), Los Angeles (7.87), and New York City (6.38) have lower violent crime rates than Dallas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/06prelim/ucrtable4index.htm |title=Table 4, Offenses Reported to Law Enforcement by State by City 100,000 and over in Population, Index |publisher=Fbi.gov |accessdate=May 23, 2010}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> |
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===Fire Department (Dallas Fire-Rescue Department)=== |
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The city of Dallas is protected 24/7, 365 by the 1,670 paid, full-time firefighters of the city of Dallas Fire-Rescue Department (DFD), providing both fire protection and [[emergency medical service]] to the city. The [http://dallasfirerescue.com/ Dallas Fire-Rescue Department] operates out of 57 Fire Stations in 2 Divisions of 9 Battalions, located throughout the city, and maintain and operate a fire apparatus fleet of 57 Engines, 21 Trucks, 40 Rescues, 3 Peak Demand Rescues, 1 Haz-Mat. Unit, 2 Haz-Mat. Teams, 2 Urban Search and Rescue Units, 9 Brush/Booster Units, 1 Marine Unit (based on Lake Ray Hubbard), 7 smaller Fireboats, 1 Swift Water Rescue Unit, and numerous other special, support, and reserve units. All DFD Paramedics are Firefighters, but not all Firefighters are Paramedics; but are trained to at least EMT-Basic. EMT-Paramedics and EMT-B's are trained through the [[University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas]].<ref name="allaboutdallas">{{cite web |url=http://dallascityhall.org/ |title=Dallas – Serving you! |publisher=City of Dallas |year=2006 |accessdate=May 4, 2006}}</ref><ref>[http://dallasfirerescue.com/sta_list/stadrlst.html Dallas Fire-Rescue] – Station List – Note station 50 went into service May 18, 2012. Retrieved May 4, 2006.</ref> The department also operates the Dallas Firefighter's Museum at Dallas' oldest remaining fire station, built in 1907, along Parry Avenue near [[Fair Park]]. In addition, the department operates in mutual aid agreements with several surrounding municipalities. |
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In 1995, the Dallas Fire Department Training Academy (now the Chief Dodd Miller Training Academy) began to host firefighter recruits from other Metroplex municipalities in its 22-week basic firefighter training school, effectively becoming a regional training center. The Academy is reverently known as "The Drill Tower" by instructors and graduates, referring to the facility's most taxing structure/activity, a six story tower whose staircase is routinely climbed three times in rapid succession by recruits in full gear and high-rise hose packs. |
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* Battalion 1 is located at Fire Station #4; Battaion 2 is located at Fire Station #7; Battalion 3 is located at Fire Station #8; Battalion 4 is located at Fire Station #28; Battalion 5 is located at Fire Station #25; Battalion 6 is located at Fire Station #14; Battalion 7 is located at Fire Station #35; Battalion 8 is located at Fire Station #34, Battalion 9 is located at Fire Station #47; Battalion 10 is out of service as of Oct. 22, 2012. Division Chief 806 is located at Fire Station #55, while Division Chief 807 is located at Fire Station #1. The Swift Water Rescue Unit is located at Fire Station #34 and the Urban Search and Rescue Units are located at Fire Stations 33 and 19. |
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==Demographics== |
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{{Main|Demographics of Dallas}} |
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{{sync|Demographics of Dallas}} |
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{{USCensusPop |
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| title=Historical populations |
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| 1860=678 |
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| 1870=3000 |
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| 1880=10358 |
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| 1890=38067 |
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| 1900=42639 |
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| 1910=92104 |
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| 1920=158976 |
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| 1930=260475 |
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| 1940=294734 |
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| 1950=434462 |
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| 1960=679684 |
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| 1970=844401 |
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| 1980=904078 |
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| 1990=1006877 |
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| 2000=1188580 |
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| 2010=1197816 |
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| estimate=1223229 |
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| estyear=2011 |
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| footnote=|<ref>{{Handbook of Texas|id=hdd01|name=DALLAS, TX|author=Jackie McElhaney and Michael V. Hazel}} 1860 & 1870 populations.</ref><ref>[http://www.census.gov/ United States Census Bureau] – Dallas population in [http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1880a_v1-12.pdf 1880] (pg.40), [http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1890a_v1-12.pdf 1890] (pg.3), [http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/33405927v1ch02.pdf 1900] (pg.4), [http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/36894832v3ch6.pdf 1910] (pg.3), [http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/41084484v1ch1.pdf 1920] (pg.79), [http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/10612982v3p2ch09.pdf 1930] (pg.68), [http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/33973538v2p6ch9.pdf 1940] (pg.106), [http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/23761117v1ch10.pdf 1950] (pg.106), [http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/33255142v1p45ch02.pdf 1960] (pg.23), [http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/00496492v1p45s1ch02.pdf 1970] (pg.12), [http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1980a_txAB-01.pdf 1980] (pg.38), [http://www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cph2/cph-2-45.pdf 1990] (pg.114), [http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFFacts?_event=ChangeGeoContext&geo_id=16000US4819000&_geoContext=01000US%7C04000US48%7C16000US4827000&_street=&_county=dallas&_cityTown=dallas&_state=04000US48&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&_submenuId=factsheet_1&ds_name=DEC_2000_SAFF&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null®=null%3Anull&_keyword=&_industry=2000] [http://www.nctcog.org/ris/demographics/population/2008PopEstimates.pdf January 1, 2008 est.], [http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_P1&prodType=table 2010]. Retrieved March 26, 2011.</ref>}} |
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As of the 2010 Census Dallas had a population of 1,197,816. The median age was 31.8. |
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According to the 2010 Census, 50.7% of the population was White (28.8% [[non-Hispanic white]]), 25.0% was Black or African American, 0.7% American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.9% Asian, 2.6% from two or more races. 42.4% of the total population was of Hispanic or Latino origin (they may be of any race).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/4819000.html |title=Dallas (city) QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau |publisher=Quickfacts.census.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref> |
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At the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, among the Hispanic population, 36.8% of Dallas was [[Mexican American|Mexican]], 0.3% [[Puerto Rican people|Puerto Rican]], 0.2% Cuban and 4.3% other Hispanic or Latino.<ref>http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk</ref><ref>2010 general profile of population and housing characteristics for Dallas from the US Census</ref><ref>{{Cite news |
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| title = American Factfinder |
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| work=census.gov |
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| accessdate =August 27, 2011 |
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| url = http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/searchresults.xhtml?refresh=t#none |
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}}</ref> |
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There were 458,057 households at the 2010 census, out of which 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.1% were headed by married couples living together, 16.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.0% were classified as non-family households. 33.7% of all households had one or more people under 18 years of age, and 17.6% had one or more people who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.42.<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov| title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Dallas city, Texas| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| accessdate=January 12, 2012}}</ref> |
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At the 2010 census the city's age distribution of the population showed 26.5% under the age of 18 and 8.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31.8 years. 50.0% of the population was male and 50.0% was female.<ref name="Census 2010"/> |
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According to the 2005–2007 American Community Survey, the median income for a household in the city was $40,147, and the median income for a family was $42,670. Male full-time workers had a median income of $32,265 versus $32,402 for female full-time workers. The per capita income for the city was $25,904. About 18.7% of families and 21.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.6% of those under age 18 and 13.4% of those aged 65 or over.<ref>{{cite web|author=American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=16000US4819000&-qr_name=ACS_2007_3YR_G00_DP3YR3&-ds_name=ACS_2007_3YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-_sse=on |title=American FactFinder Selected Economic Characteristics: 2005–2007 – U.S. Census Bureau |publisher=Factfinder.census.gov |accessdate=August 14, 2010}}</ref> The median price for a house was $128,200.<ref name="factfinder.census.gov">{{cite web|author=American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=16000US4819000&-qr_name=ACS_2007_3YR_G00_DP3YR4&-ds_name=ACS_2007_3YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-_sse=on |title=American FactFinder Selected Housing Characteristics: 2005–2007 – U.S. Census Bureau |publisher=Factfinder.census.gov |accessdate=August 14, 2010}}</ref> |
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Dallas' population was historically predominantly white (non-Hispanic [[Non-Hispanic Whites|whites]] made up 82.8% of the population in 1930),<ref>{{cite web|title=Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|url=http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html|accessdate=December 18, 2011}}</ref> but its population has diversified as it has grown in size and importance over the 20th century to the point that non-Hispanic whites now represent less than one-third of the city's population.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://iussp2005.princeton.edu/download.aspx?submissionId=51068 |title=Cordell, Dennis D., Southern Methodist University (Dallas) and Garcia y Griego, Manuel, University of Texas at Arlington, "The Integration of Nigerian and Mexican immigrants in Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas", working paper, 2005 |accessdate=August 14, 2010}}</ref> In addition, recent data showed that 26.5% of Dallas' population and 17% of residents in the Metroplex as a whole were foreign-born.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|author=American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-qr_name=ACS_2007_3YR_G00_DP3YR2&-geo_id=16000US4819000&-ds_name=ACS_2007_3YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-_sse=on |title=American FactFinder Selected Social Characteristics: 2005–2007 – U.S. Census Bureau |publisher=Factfinder.census.gov |accessdate=August 14, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fairus.org/site/PageServer?pagename=research_research3b0f_sup |title=FAIR: Metro Area Factsheet: Dallas-Ft. Worth, Texas CMSA |publisher=Fairus.org |accessdate=August 14, 2010}}{{dead link|date=June 2011}}</ref> |
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<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:English-Amharic-Spanish.JPG|thumb|A grocery store sign on Shadybrook Ln. in three languages English, [[Amharic]], and Spanish.]] --> |
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Dallas is a major destination for Mexican immigrants, both legally and illegally. The southwestern and southeastern portions of the city, particularly [[Oak Cliff]] and [[Pleasant Grove, Dallas, Texas|Pleasant Grove]], are chiefly inhabited by black and Hispanic residents, while the [[South Dallas|southern portion]] of the city is predominantly black. The West and East sides of the city are predominately Hispanic. [[North Dallas]], on the other hand, is mostly white, though many enclaves of predominantly black and Hispanic residents exist. |
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In addition, Dallas and its suburbs are home to a large number of Asian residents—[[Korean American|Koreans]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2012/01/31/2012013100895.html |title=Racial Tension Rising in Dallas Against Korean Community |work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]] |date=January 31, 2012}}</ref> [[Taiwanese American|Taiwanese]], [[Chinese American|Chinese]], [[Filipino American|Filipinos]], [[Vietnamese American|Vietnamese]], [[Thai American|Thai]], [[Indian American|Indians]], [[Bangladeshi American|Bangladeshis]], [[Pakistani American|Pakistanis]], [[Sri Lankan American|Sri Lankans]], [[Nepalese American|Nepalese]], and [[Arab American|Arabs]] all have large presences in the area, particularly in the suburbs of [[Arlington, Texas|Arlington]], [[Garland, Texas|Garland]], [[Richardson, Texas|Richardson]], [[Plano, Texas|Plano]], [[Carrollton, Texas|Carrollton]], [[Irving, Texas|Irving]], [[Frisco, Texas|Frisco]], [[Flower Mound, Texas|Flower Mound]], and [[Allen, Texas|Allen]].{{citation needed|date=July 2010}} There is also a significant number of people from the [[Horn of Africa]], immigrants from Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Somalia. With so many immigrant groups, there are often multilingual signs in the [[linguistic landscape]].[[File:English-Amharic-Spanish sign.jpg|left|thumb|Trilingual sign on shop in multilingual neighborhood: English, Spanish, [[Amharic]].]] |
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The Dallas-Fort-Worth Metroplex has an estimated 70,000 [[Russian language|Russian]]-speakers, mostly immigrants from the former [[Soviet Bloc]]. Included in this population are Russians, Russian Jews, Ukrainians, Belorussians, Moldavians, Uzbek, Kirghiz, and others. The Russian-speaking population of Dallas has continued to grow in the sector of “American husbands-Russian wives”. Russian DFW has its own newspaper [http://DallasTelegraph.com The Dallas Telegraph]. |
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About half of Dallas's population was born outside of Texas. Many residents have migrated to the city from other parts of the country, particularly the [[Midwest]], [[Northeastern United States|Northeast]], and California.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hellodallas.com/Social.cfm |title=Dallas Texas Social and demographic information |publisher=Hellodallas.com |date=December 30, 2004 |accessdate=August 14, 2010}}{{Dead link|date=April 2013}}</ref> |
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==Education== |
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{{Main|Education in Dallas}} |
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There are 337 public schools, 89 private schools, 38 colleges, and 32 libraries in Dallas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mywikicity.com/wiki/index.php?title=Dallas |title=suva wiki content software at |publisher=Mywikicity.com |accessdate=May 23, 2010}}</ref> |
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===Colleges and universities=== |
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{{Further2|[[List of Dallas-Fort Worth area colleges and universities]]}} |
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Dallas is a center of education for much of the south central United States. In addition to those located in the city, the surrounding area also contains a number of universities, colleges, trade schools, and other educational institutions. |
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The following describes the various universities and their proximity to the city: |
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====Colleges and universities in the Dallas city limits==== |
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* The [[University of Texas Southwestern Medical School]] is a medical school located in the city's [[Stemmons Corridor]]. It is part of the [[University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas]], one of the largest grouping of medical facilities in the world. The school is very selective, admitting only around 200 students a year. The facility enrolls 3,255 [[graduate school|postgraduates]] and is home to five [[Nobel Prize|Nobel Laureates]]—four in [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|physiology/medicine]] and one in [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|chemistry]]. UTSW is part of the [[University of Texas System]]. |
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* [[Texas Woman's University]] (TWU) has two branches of their university located in Dallas. There is a campus located near Parkland hospital that specializes in nursing. There is also a campus near Presbyterian hospital that specializes in occupational therapy and physical therapy. |
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* [[Paul Quinn College]] is a private, historically [[Black (people)|black]] college located in southeast Dallas. Originally located in [[Waco, Texas|Waco]], Texas, it moved to Dallas in 1993 and is housed on the campus of the former [[Bishop College]], another private, historically black college. Dallas billionaire and entrepreneur Comer Cottrell, Jr., founder of ProLine Corporation, bought the campus of Bishop College and bequeathed it to Paul Quinn College in 1993.<ref>[http://www.thehistorymakers.com/ The History Makers] – [http://www.thehistorymakers.com/biography/biography.asp?bioindex=942&category=styleMakers Comer Cottrell, Jr.]. Retrieved October 18, 2006.</ref> The school enrolls about 3,000 undergraduate students. |
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* The [[University of North Texas at Dallas]], located along Houston School Road.<ref name="untdallas">[http://www.unt.edu/unt-dallas/ University of North Texas Dallas Campus]{{dead link|date=February 2012}}. [http://www.unt.edu/unt-dallas/newcampus/index.htm New Campus]{{dead link|date=November 2010}}. Retrieved October 4, 2006.</ref> In 2009 UNT at Dallas became the first public university within Dallas city limits.<ref name="untdtemp" /> The [[University of North Texas System]] has requested approval from the Texas Legislature and Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board for the State's first new public law school in more than 40 years. Plans are for the UNT College of Law to be based at the Old Municipal Building in downtown Dallas.<ref>[http://www.dallasnews.edu/ Dallas Morning News] – [http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/dn/education/stories/041609dnmetlawschool.3a25c13.html]{{dead link|date=June 2011}}. Retrieved April 24, 2009.</ref> |
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* [[Image:University Hill, Dallas Baptist University.jpg|right|thumb|<span style="font-size:100%;">Dallas Baptist University</span>]][[Dallas Baptist University]] (DBU) is a private, coeducational university located in the Mountain Creek area of southwest Dallas. Originally located in [[Decatur, Texas|Decatur]], Texas, the school moved to Dallas in 1965.<ref>[http://www.dbu.edu/ Dallas Baptist University] – [http://www.dbu.edu/about/history.asp History]. Retrieved October 18, 2006.</ref> The school currently enrolls over 5,600 students,<ref>[http://www.dbu.edu/ Dallas Baptist University] – [http://www.dbu.edu/about/quick_facts.asp Facts and Statistics]</ref> and offers undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral degrees. Popular subjects include Biblical studies, business, and music degrees. DBU has been recognized by the National Council on Teacher Quality for their high quality teacher preparatory degrees.<ref>http://educationblog.dallasnews.com/2013/06/dallas-baptist-university-earns-high-marks-for-teacher-prep-program-texas-tech-criticized.html/ Retrieved September 15, 2013</ref> The school also maintains an Intensive English Program for international students wishing to enhance their knowledge of the English language. The campus is a [[Arbor Day Foundation|Tree Campus USA]] and is recognized as one of the most beautiful university campuses in the southwest.<ref>http://www.dallasnews.com/lifestyles/home-and-gardening/headlines/20121031-dallas-baptist-campus-is-recognized-as-a-botanical-beauty.ece</ref> The school has also become nationally recognized in the past few years for its baseball team which has made several playoff runs. |
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* [[Dallas Theological Seminary]], also within the city limits, is recognized as one of the leading seminaries in the evangelical faith. Situated {{convert|3|mi|km|0}} east of Downtown Dallas, it currently enrolls over 2,000 graduate students and has graduated over 12,000 alumni. |
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* [[Criswell College]], (within two blocks of Dallas Theological Seminary). Criswell was started by First Baptist Church of Dallas in the early 1970s. It presently has around 400 students at both the undergraduate and graduate level studying different Biblical and Christian subjects. |
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* [[Dallas County Community College District]], the 2-year educational institution of Dallas County; it has seven campuses located throughout the area with branches in Dallas as well as the surrounding suburbs. DCCCD serves portions of Dallas in Dallas County. |
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====Colleges and universities near Dallas==== |
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[[File:Dallas Hall.jpg|thumb|Dallas Hall at Dedman College at [[Southern Methodist University]] in [[University Park, Texas]]]] |
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[[File:UTD mall.JPG|thumb|Campus Mall at [[The University of Texas at Dallas]]]] |
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* [[Southern Methodist University]] (SMU) is a [[private university|private]], [[coeducation]]al university in [[University Park, Texas|University Park]], an independent city that, together with the adjacent town of Highland Park, Dallas surrounds entirely. SMU was founded in 1911 by the [[Methodist Episcopal Church, South|Southern Methodist Church]] and now enrolls 6,500 [[undergraduates]], 1,200 professional students in the [[Dedman School of Law|law]] and [[theology]] departments, and 3,500 [[graduate school|postgraduates]].<ref>[http://www.smu.edu/ SMU.edu] – [http://www.smu.edu/facts/history.asp Facts About SMU History]{{dead link|date=November 2010}}. Retrieved May 9, 2006.</ref><ref>[http://www.smu.edu/ SMU.edu] – [http://www.smu.edu/facts/demographic.asp Facts About Demographics]{{dead link|date=November 2010}}. Retrieved May 9, 2006.</ref> According to sources such as the U.S. News & World Report, SMU is the best overall undergraduate college in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex and the third best in the State of Texas. |
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* [[University of Texas at Dallas|The University of Texas at Dallas]] (UTD), also part of the state public [[University of Texas System]], is located in the city of [[Richardson, Texas|Richardson]], is adjacent to Dallas' Far North Dallas neighborhood, and is in the heart of the ''[[Telecom Corridor]]''. UT Dallas, or UTD, is renowned for its work in combining the arts and technology, as well as for its programs in engineering, computer science, economics, [[international political economy]], neuroscience, speech and hearing, pre-health, pre-law and management. The university has many collaborative research relationships with [[UT Southwestern Medical Center]]. UT Dallas is home to approximately 21,145 students. |
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* [[University of Dallas|The University of Dallas]] (UD), in the suburb of [[Irving, Texas|Irving]], is an enclave of traditional Roman Catholicism in the mostly Protestant religious landscape of Dallas. St. Albert the Great Dominican Priory and [[Holy Trinity Seminary]] are located on campus, while the Cistercian Monastery and Cistercian Preparatory School are located just north of the UD campus across [[Texas State Highway 114]]. [[The Highlands School]], a PK–12 [[Legionaries of Christ|Legionary]] school, is just west of the UD campus and connects to campus by jogging trails. As a center for religious study, the Cistercian Monastery continues to be notable for scholastic developments in theology. |
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====University Research Center==== |
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* [[Texas A&M AgriLife|Texas A&M-Dallas Research and Extension Center]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://urbansolutionscenter.tamu.edu/ |title=TAMU-Dallas |publisher=Urbansolutionscenter.tamu.edu |date= |accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref> |
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===Other area colleges and universities=== |
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Also in the nearby suburbs and neighboring cities are: |
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* [[Collin College]] in Collin County |
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* [[Remington College]] in Garland, Texas, established in July 1997 |
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* [[Remington College]] (Ft. Worth Campus) |
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* [[University of North Texas|The University of North Texas]] (UNT) in [[Denton, Texas|Denton]] |
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* [http://www.tarleton.edu/fortworth Tarleton State University - SW Metroplex at Fort Worth (Texas A&M University System)] |
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* [[Texas Woman's University]] (TWU) also in Denton |
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* [[University of Texas at Arlington|The University of Texas at Arlington]] (UTA) |
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* [[University of Phoenix, Dallas Campus]] in Dallas, Irving, Plano, Arlington, Hurst, and Cedar Hill |
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* [[Dallas Christian College]] (DCC) in Farmers Branch |
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[[File:Texas Baptist University, Dallas, Texas.jpg|thumb|Texas Baptist University, Dallas, Texas (postcard, circa 1906) Chartered in 1881, main campus, south bank of the Trinity River]] |
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Also, within the Dallas/Fort Worth area, about {{convert|30|mi|km}} to the west of the city of Dallas, Fort Worth has two major universities within its city limits, and one health sciences/medical school: |
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* [[Texas Christian University]] (TCU) |
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* [[Texas Wesleyan University]] |
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* [[University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth]] |
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A number of colleges and universities are also located outside the immediate metropolitan area, including: |
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* [[Austin College]] in nearby [[Sherman, Texas|Sherman]] |
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* [http://www.tarleton.edu Tarleton State University (Texas A&M University System) - Stephenville, Texas] |
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* [[Texas A&M University–Commerce]] |
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* [[Navarro College]] in nearby [[Corsicana, Texas|Corsicana]] |
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* [[Tarrant County College]] in Tarrant County |
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===Primary and secondary schools=== |
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[[File:Booker T. Washington High School for the Performing and Visual Arts.jpg|thumb|[[Booker T. Washington High School for the Performing and Visual Arts]] in the [[Arts District, Dallas|Arts District]]]] |
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Most people in the city of Dallas are located within the [[Dallas Independent School District]], the 12th-largest school district in the United States.<ref name="insidedisd">[http://www.dallasisd.org/ DallasISD.org] – [http://www.dallasisd.org/inside_disd/ Inside DISD]. Retrieved May 1, 2006.</ref> The school district operates independently of the city and enrolls over 161,000 students.<ref name="insidedisd" /> In 2006, one of the district's [[magnet school]]s, The [[School for the Talented and Gifted]] in Oak Cliff, was named the best school in the United States (among public schools) by ''[[Newsweek]]'', retaining the title in 2007 and regaining the top spot in 2009. Another one of DISD's schools, the [[Science and Engineering Magnet]], placed 8th in the same 2006 survey and moved up to the No. 2 spot the following year.<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12532678/sit Newsweek America's Best High Schools – MSNBC.com]{{dead link|date=November 2010}}. Retrieved May 1, 2006. {{Wayback | url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12532678/sit <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> | date=20060616141947 }}{{dead link|date=November 2010}}</ref> Other Dallas high schools named to the list were [[Hillcrest High School (Dallas)|Hillcrest]], [[W. T. White High School|W. T. White]], Williams Preparatory, and [[Woodrow Wilson High School (Dallas)|Woodrow Wilson]] high schools. Woodrow Wilson was also named the top comprehensive high school in Dallas by local publication ''[[D Magazine]]''. |
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A few areas of Dallas also extend into other school districts, including [[Carrollton-Farmers Branch Independent School District|Carrollton-Farmers Branch]], [[Duncanville Independent School District|Duncanville]], [[Garland Independent School District|Garland]],<ref>"[http://web.archive.org/web/20050207025142/www.garlandisd.net/district/contact.asp Contact]." [[Garland Independent School District]]. February 7, 2005. Retrieved on August 24, 2009.</ref> [[Highland Park Independent School District|Highland Park]], [[Mesquite Independent School District|Mesquite]], [[Plano Independent School District|Plano]], and [[Richardson Independent School District|Richardson]]. The [[Wilmer-Hutchins Independent School District]] once served portions of southern Dallas, but it was shut down for the 2005–2006 year. WHISD students started attending other Dallas ISD schools during that time. Following the close, the [[Texas Education Agency]] consolidated WHISD into Dallas ISD. |
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Many school districts in [[Dallas County, Texas|Dallas County]], including Dallas ISD, are served by a governmental agency called Dallas County Schools. The system provides busing and other transportation services, access to a massive media library, technology services, strong ties to local organizations for education/community integration, and staff development programs.<ref>[http://www.dcschools.com/default.asp Dallas County Schools]{{dead link|date=November 2010}} – [http://www.dcschools.com/info/ServeYou.asp?City=Dallas Dallas ISD]{{dead link|date=November 2010}}. Retrieved May 29, 2006.</ref> |
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====Private schools==== |
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There are many private schools in Dallas, such as [[St. Mark's School of Texas]], [[The Hockaday School]], [[Greenhill School, Addison|Greenhill School]], [[Burton Adventist Academy]], [[Ursuline Academy of Dallas]], [[Jesuit College Preparatory School of Dallas]], [[The June Shelton School]], [[Lakehill Preparatory School]], [[Episcopal School of Dallas]], [[The Lamplighter School]], [[The da Vinci School]], [[Parish Episcopal School]], [[Bishop Dunne Catholic School]], [[Bishop Lynch High School]], Yavneh Academy of Dallas, [[Dallas Lutheran School]], [[The Winston School]], [[Dallas Christian School]] on the borders of [[Mesquite]] and [[Garland]], [[First Baptist Academy of Dallas]], and Tyler Street Christian Academy in Oak Cliff. Some Dallas residents attend [[Cistercian Preparatory School]] in adjacent [[Irving, Texas|Irving]], [[The Highlands School]] in Irving, [[Trinity Christian Academy (Addison, Texas)|Trinity Christian Academy]] in [[Addison, Texas|Addison]], and [[John Paul II High School (Plano, Texas)|John Paul II High School]] in [Plano] |
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===Libraries=== |
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[[File:JonnsonPublicLibraryDallasTX.jpg|thumb|The [[J. Erik Jonsson Central Library]] in the [[Government District, Dallas|Government District]] of [[downtown Dallas]]]] |
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The city is served by the [[Dallas Public Library]] system. The system was originally created by the Dallas Federation of Women's Clubs with efforts spearheaded by then-president Mrs. Henry (May Dickson) Exall. Her work in raising money led to a grant from philanthropist and steel baron [[Andrew Carnegie]], which enabled the construction of the first branch of the library system in 1901.<ref>[http://dallaslibrary.org/ DallasLibrary.org] – [http://www.dallaslibrary.org/100/historySynopsis.htm History]{{dead link|date=November 2010}}. Retrieved May 1, 2006.</ref> Today, the library operates 27 branch locations throughout the city, including the 8-story [[J. Erik Jonsson Central Library]] in the [[Government District, Dallas|Government District]] of [[Downtown Dallas|Downtown]].<ref>[http://dallaslibrary.org/ DallasLibrary.org]. Retrieved March 13, 2006.</ref> |
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===Museums=== |
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The former [[Texas School Book Depository]], from which, according to the [[Warren Commission]] Report, [[Lee Harvey Oswald]] [[JFK assassination|shot and killed]] president [[John F. Kennedy]] in 1963, has served since the 1980s as a [[Local government|county government]] office building, except for its sixth and seventh floors, which house [[Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza|The Sixth Floor Museum]]. |
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==Infrastructure== |
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===Health systems=== |
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{{Wide image|Dallas Medical District panorama, 10-12-10.jpg|900px|<center>Panorama of the Dallas Medical District with [[University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas|UT Southwestern Medical Center]]</center>}} |
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<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:StemmonsJan2006-2.jpg|thumb|[[University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas|UT Southwestern Medical Center]]]] --> |
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Dallas has many hospitals and a number of medical research facilities within its city limits. One major research center is the Dallas Medical District with the [[University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas|UT Southwestern Medical Center]] in the [[Stemmons Corridor]], along with the affiliated [[University of Texas Southwestern Medical School|UT Southwestern Medical School]]. The health care complex includes within its bounds [[Parkland Memorial Hospital]], [[Children's Medical Center (Dallas)|Children's Medical Center]], St. Paul University Hospital, and the Zale Lipshy University Hospital. |
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Dallas also has a [[United States Department of Veterans Affairs|VA]] hospital in the southern portion of the city, the Dallas Veterans Affairs Medical Center. The center is home to a [[Consolidated Mail Outpatient Pharmacy]] (CMOP), part of an initiative by the Department of Veterans Affairs to provide mail-order prescriptions to veterans using computerization at strategic locations throughout the United States. |
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''U.S. News and World Report'', in its 2004 edition on "America's Best Hospitals" gave Parkland Memorial Hospital one of the best overall ratings. The specialties at Parkland Memorial Hospital were also rated among the best in the nation, in seven different categories. Those categorie and the ratings were: Rheumatology- 23rd nationally; Orthopedics- 20th nationally; Kidney Disease- 17th nationally; Hormonal Disorders- 14th nationally; Heart and Heart Surgery- 18th nationally; Gynecology- 11th nationally; Ear, Nose, and Throat- 47th nationally. |
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[[Parkland Memorial Hospital]] is named one of Modern Healthcare's "25 busiest community hospital emergency departments". Parkland is a 2006 Professional Research Consultants Excellence in Healthcare award winner for Patient Perception and Overall Quality of Care.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}} |
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Other hospitals in the city include [[Baylor University Medical Center]] in [[East Dallas]], Methodist Dallas Medical Center in [[Oak Cliff]], Methodist Charlton Medical Center near [[Duncanville, Texas|Duncanville]], [[Medical City Dallas Hospital]] and [[Presbyterian Hospital (Dallas)|Presbyterian Hospital]] in [[North Dallas]], and the Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children in [[Oak Lawn, Dallas|Oak Lawn]]. |
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===Transportation=== |
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{{Main|Transportation in Dallas}} |
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Like many other major cities in the United States, the primary mode of local transportation in Dallas is the automobile, though efforts have been made to increase the availability of alternative modes of transportation, including the construction of light rail lines, biking and walking paths, wide sidewalks, a trolley system, and buses. A 2011 study by [[Walk Score]] ranked Dallas the thirtieth most walkable of fifty largest cities in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.walkscore.com/rankings/cities/|title=2011 City and Neighborhood Rankings |publisher=Walk Score |year=2011 |accessdate=Aug 28, 2011}}</ref> |
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====Highways==== |
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[[File:High Five.jpg|thumb|alt=High Five Interchange in Dallas.|The [[Central Expressway (Dallas)|Central Expressway]] and I-635 interchange, commonly known as the [[High Five Interchange]].]] |
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Dallas is at the confluence of four major [[interstate highway system|interstate highways]]—Interstates [[Interstate 20 (Texas)|20]], [[Interstate 30 (Texas)|30]], [[Interstate 35E (Texas)|35E]], and [[Interstate 45 (Texas)|45]]. The Dallas area freeway system is set up in the popular [[Spoke-hub distribution paradigm|hub-and-spoke]] system, shaped much like a wagon wheel. Starting from the center of the city, a small freeway loop surrounds Downtown, followed by the [[Interstate 635 (Texas)|Interstate 635]] loop about {{convert|10|mi|0}} outside Downtown, and ultimately the tolled [[President George Bush Turnpike]]. Inside these freeway loops are other [[boulevard]]- and [[parkway]]-style loops, including [[Texas State Highway Loop 12|Loop 12]] and [[Belt Line Road (Texas)|Belt Line Road]]. Another beltway around the city upwards of {{convert|45|mi|km|0}} from Downtown is under plan in Collin County. |
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Radiating out of Downtown Dallas' freeway loop are the spokes of the area's highway system—Interstates 30, 35E, and 45, [[U.S. Highway 75 (Texas)|U.S. Highway 75]], [[U.S. Highway 175 (Texas)|U.S. Highway 175]], [[Texas State Highway Spur 366|State Spur 366]], the [[Dallas North Tollway]], [[Texas State Highway 114|State Highway 114]], [[U.S. Route 80 in Texas|U.S. Highway 80]], and [[U.S. Highway 67 (Texas)|U.S. Highway 67]]. Other major highways around the city include [[Texas State Highway 183|State Highway 183]] and [[Texas State Highway Spur 408|State Spur 408]]. |
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The recently completed interchange at the intersection of Lyndon B. Johnson Freeway ([[Interstate 635 (Texas)|Interstate 635]]) and [[Central Expressway (Dallas)|Central Expressway]] (U.S. Highway 75) contains 5 stacks and is aptly called the [[High Five Interchange]]. It is currently one of the few 5-level interchange in Dallas and is one of the largest freeway interchanges in the United States. |
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The following is a list of the freeways and tollways in the Dallas/Ft. Worth area: |
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* [[File:I-20 (TX).svg|20px]] '''[[Interstate 20 (Texas)|Interstate 20]]''' |
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* [[File:I-30 (TX).svg|20px]] '''[[Interstate 30 (Texas)|Interstate 30]]''' |
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* [[File:I-35E (TX).svg|20px]] '''[[Interstate 35E (Texas)|Interstate 35E]]''' |
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* [[File:I-35W (TX).svg|20px]] '''[[Interstate 35W (Texas)|Interstate 35W]]''' |
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* [[File:I-45 (TX).svg|20px]] '''[[Interstate 45 (Texas)|Interstate 45]]''' |
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* [[File:I-635 (TX).svg|20px]] '''[[Interstate 635 (Texas)|Interstate 635]]''' |
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* [[File:I-820 (TX).svg|20px]] '''[[Interstate 820 (Texas)|Interstate 820]]''' |
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* [[File:US 67.svg|20px]] '''[[U.S. Highway 67 (Texas)|U.S. Highway 67]]''' |
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* [[File:US 75.svg|20px]] '''[[U.S. Highway 75 (Texas)|U.S. Highway 75]]''' |
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* [[File:US 80.svg|20px]] '''[[U.S. Route 80 in Texas|U.S. Highway 80]]''' |
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* [[File:US 175.svg|20px]] '''[[U.S. Highway 175 (Texas)|U.S. Highway 175]]''' |
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* [[File:US 287.svg|20px]] '''[[U.S. Highway 287 (Texas)|U.S. Highway 287]]''' |
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* [[File:Texas 114.svg|20px]] '''[[Texas State Highway 114|State Highway 114]]''' |
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* [[File:Texas 121.svg|20px]] [[File:Toll Texas 121.svg|20px]] '''[[Texas State Highway 121|State Highway 121]]''' |
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* [[File:Texas 161.svg|20px]] '''[[Texas State Highway 161|State Highway 161]]''' |
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* [[File:Texas 183.svg|20px]] '''[[Texas State Highway 183|State Highway 183]]''' |
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* [[File:Texas 190.svg|20px]] '''[[Texas State Highway 190|State Highway 190]]''' |
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* [[File:Texas 360.svg|20px]] '''[[Texas State Highway 360|State Highway 360]]''' |
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* [[File:Texas Loop 12.svg|20px]] '''[[Texas State Highway Loop 12|Loop 12]]''' |
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* [[File:Texas Spur 366.svg|20px]] '''[[State Highway Spur 366 (Texas)|Spur 366]]''' |
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* [[File:Texas Spur 408.svg|20px]] '''[[Texas State Highway Spur 408|Spur 408]]''' |
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* [[File:Texas Spur 482.svg|20px]] '''[[Texas State Highway Spur 482|Spur 482]]''' |
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* [[File:Dallas North Tollway.svg|20px]] '''[[Dallas North Tollway]]''' |
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* <!-- Image with inadequate rationale removed: [[File:PGBT.png|20px]] -->'''[[President George Bush Turnpike]]''' |
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* '''[[Sam Rayburn Tollway]]''' |
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====Transit systems==== |
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[[File:DARTRailMap2012.JPG|thumb|250px|The [[Dallas Area Rapid Transit|DART]] Rail System Map.]] |
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[[File:Mockingbird Station 3.jpg|thumb|200px|alt=An escalator descends from the street to an island platform station with a white and yellow train present along a landscaped track.|A northbound train at the Mockingbird Station]] |
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[[File:Cityplace (DART station).JPG|thumb|Cityplace/Uptown Station]] |
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[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]] (DART) is the Dallas-area public transportation authority, providing rail, buses and [[HOV]] lanes to commuters. DART began operating the first [[light rail]] system in Texas in 1996 and is now the largest operator of light rail in the US.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://irvingblog.dallasnews.com/archives/2010/12/dart-becomes-nations-largest-l.html |title=DART becomes nation’s largest light rail system today | Irving Blog |publisher=Irvingblog.dallasnews.com |date=2010-12-06 |accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref> Today, the system is the [[List of United States light rail systems by ridership|seventh-busiest]] light rail system in the country with approximately 55 stations on 72 miles of light rail, and 10 stations on 35 miles of commuter rail.<ref>[http://dart.org/about/expansion/otherprojects.asp]. Retrieved January 19, 2011.</ref> Four light rail lines and a commuter line are currently in service: the {{DART R}}, the {{DART B}}, the {{DART G}}, the {{DART O}} (peak-service only), and the {{DART TRE}}. |
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The {{DART R}} travels through [[Oak Cliff]], [[South Dallas]], [[downtown Dallas|Downtown]], [[Uptown Dallas|Uptown]], [[North Dallas]], [[Richardson, Texas|Richardson]] and [[Plano, Texas|Plano]], while the {{DART B}} goes through Oak Cliff, Downtown, Uptown, [[East Dallas]], [[Lake Highlands]], and [[Garland, Texas|Garland]]. The {{DART R|style=nl}} and {{DART B|style=nl}} lines are conjoined between [[8th & Corinth Station]] in Oak Cliff through [[Mockingbird Station]] in [[North Dallas]]. The two lines service [[Cityplace Station]], the only subway station in the South. The Green Line serves [[Carrollton, Texas|Carrollton]], [[Farmers Branch, Texas|Farmers Branch]], [[Dallas Love Field|Love Field Airport]], [[Stemmons Corridor, Dallas, Texas|Stemmons Corridor]], [[Victory Park, Dallas, Texas|Victory Park]], Downtown, [[Deep Ellum, Dallas, Texas|Deep Ellum]], [[Fair Park]], South Dallas, and [[Pleasant Grove, Dallas|Pleasant Grove]]. |
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The Orange Line initially operated as a peak-service line providing extra capacity on portions of the Green and Red Lines ([[Bachman Station]] on the Green Line, through the Downtown transit mall, to [[Parker Road Station]] on the Red Line making a "U"-shape). However, the first stage of a 14-mile extension has been completed as of December 2012, serving [[Irving, Texas|Irving]] and [[Las Colinas]] along with its current services. |
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The second and final phase will open in December 2014 and will provide [[Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport|DFW Airport]] with rail service. [[DFW Airport Station]] will be the terminus for the Orange Line and will connect to [[Skylink]].<ref name="dart.org">{{cite web|url=http://dart.org/about/expansion/orangeline.asp |title=Orange Line Expansion Information |publisher=DART.org |date= |accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref> This will provide passengers the convenience of disembarking the DART rail, proceeding to security check-in and immediately boarding [[Skylink]] to be quickly transported to their desired terminal. The Blue Line has also been extended by 4.5 miles to serve [[Rowlett, Texas|Rowlett]] at the [[Rowlett Park & Ride]] facility.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dart.org/about/expansion/blueline.asp |title=Blue Line Expansion Information |publisher=DART.org |date= |accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref> |
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In August 2009, the Regional Transportation Council agreed to seek $96 million in federal stimulus dollars for a trolley project in Dallas and Fort Worth. The Oak Cliff Transit Authority took the lead with leaders envisioning a streetcar line that would link [[Dallas Union Station|Union Station]] and the [[Dallas Convention Center]] in downtown to Oak Cliff, Methodist Medical Center, and the [[Bishop Arts District]] via the Houston Street Viaduct.<ref>[http://oakcliffblog.dallasnews.com/archives/2009/08/proposed-streetcar-route-for-o.html/The Dallas Morning News]. Retrieved September 27, 2009. {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> Dallas was awarded a $23 million TIGER grant towards the $58 million Dallas Streetcar Project in February 2010.<ref>{{cite web|last=Wilonsky |first=Robert |url=http://blogs.dallasobserver.com/unfairpark/2010/02/owntown_dallas_streetcar_proje.php |title=Downtown Dallas Streetcar Project Takes the TIGER By the Tail to Tune of $23 Million - Dallas - News - Unfair Park |publisher=Blogs.dallasobserver.com |date=2010-02-17 |accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref> The Dallas Streetcar Project will link up with the current [[McKinney Avenue Transit Authority]] (MATA) trolley line (also known as the M-Line) in Uptown with a new alignment on Olive Street. |
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[[File:Mata 186 ld05.jpg|thumb|M-Line Trolley at [[Cityplace Station]]]] |
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In addition to light rail, [[Amtrak]]'s ''[[Texas Eagle]]'' also serves Union Station, providing long-distance train service to Chicago, [[San Antonio]] and Los Angeles once daily. The Trinity Rail Express terminates at Union Station and [[T&P Station]]. |
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====Air==== |
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[[File:DFWAirportOverview.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport]] serves most passengers flying in and out of the [[Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex|Metroplex]].]] |
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[[File:DallasLoveFieldAerial-2009-b.JPG|thumb|[[Dallas Love Field]], a major focus city for [[low-cost carrier]] [[Southwest Airlines]].]] |
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Dallas is served by two commercial airports: [[Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport]] (DFW) and [[Dallas Love Field]] (DAL). In addition, [[Dallas Executive Airport]] (formerly Redbird Airport), serves as a [[general aviation]] airport for the city, and [[Addison Airport]] functions similarly just outside the city limits in the suburb of Addison. Two more general aviation airports are located about {{convert|35|mi|0}} north of Dallas in [[McKinney, Texas|McKinney]], and another two are located in [[Fort Worth, Texas|Fort Worth]], on the west side of the Metroplex. |
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[[Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport|DFW International Airport]] is located in the suburbs slightly north of and equidistant to Downtown Fort Worth and Downtown Dallas. In terms of size, DFW is the largest airport in the state, the 4th largest in the United States, and 6th largest in the world; DFW International Airport is larger than the island of [[Manhattan]]. |
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In terms of traffic, DFW is the busiest airport in the state, 5th busiest in the United States, and 6th busiest in the world. The headquarters of [[American Airlines]], the 3rd largest air carrier in the world behind [[United Airlines]] and [[Delta Air Lines]], is located less than a mile from DFW within the city limits of Fort Worth. Similarly, [[Dallas Love Field|Love Field]] is located within the city limits of Dallas about {{convert|6|mi|0}} northwest of Downtown, and is headquarters to [[Southwest Airlines]], the largest domestic airline in the United States. |
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===Utilities=== |
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Dallas is served by [[Dallas Water Utilities]], which operates several waste treatment plants and pulls water from several area reservoirs.<ref>[http://www.dallascityhall.com/dwu/water_utilities.html Dallas Water Utilities] – [http://www.dallascityhall.com/dwu/water_utilities_functions.html Functions]. Retrieved October 15, 2006.</ref> The city's electric system is maintained by several companies, including [[Stream Energy]], [[Cirro Energy]] and [[TXU]],<ref>[http://www.txuelectricdelivery.com/ TXU Electric Delivery] – [http://www.txuelectricdelivery.com/electricity/territory/default.asp Service Territory]{{dead link|date=November 2010}}. Retrieved October 14, 2006.</ref> whose parent company, [[Energy Future Holdings Corporation]], has headquarters in the city.<ref>[http://www.txucorp.com/ Energy Future Holdings Corporation ] – [http://www.txucorp.com/contact/default.aspx Contact Us]. Retrieved October 14, 2006.</ref> |
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The city offers garbage pickup and recycling service weekly through its Sanitation Services department.<ref>[http://www.dallascityhall.com/html/sanitation_collection.html City of Dallas Sanitation Services]{{dead link|date=February 2012}} – [http://www.dallascityhall.com/html/faq_s.html Sanitation FAQ]{{dead link|date=February 2012}}. Retrieved October 14, 2006.</ref> Telephone networks, broadband internet, and cable television service are available from several companies, including [[AT&T Inc.|AT&T]], [[Time Warner Cable]], and [[Verizon FiOS]]. |
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==Places of interest== |
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* [[Cotton Bowl (stadium)|Cotton Bowl]] |
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* [[Dallas Museum of Art]] |
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* [[Nasher Sculpture Center|The Nasher Sculpture Center]] |
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* [[Dallas Zoo]] |
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* [[Klyde Warren Park]] |
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* [[Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Garden]] |
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* [[Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza]] |
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* [[Texas School Book Depository]] |
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* [[Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center]] |
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* [[Southern Methodist University]] |
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* [[Dallas Baptist University]] |
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* [[Fair Park]] |
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*[[CentralTrak]] |
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* [[Dallas World Aquarium]] |
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* [[Victory Park, Dallas, Texas|Victory Park]] |
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* [[Reunion Tower]] |
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* [[Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge]] |
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* [[Texas Theatre]] |
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* [[Southfork Ranch]] as seen on [[Dallas (2012 TV series)|Dallas]] from 1978–91 and 2012- |
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==Notable people== |
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* [[Amy Acker]], actress |
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* [[Jensen Ackles]], actor and director |
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* [[Fred Agnich]], businessman, rancher, Republican state legislator from 1971 to 1989 |
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* [[LaMarcus Aldridge]], professional basketball player with the [[Portland Trail Blazers]] |
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* [[Jesse Armstead]], NFL All Pro, New York Gaints |
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* [[Lance Armstrong]], professional road racing cyclist |
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* [[Erykah Badu]], singer-songwriter, record producer, activist and actress |
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* [[Ernie Banks]], [[List of members of the Baseball Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] baseball player for the [[Chicago Cubs]] |
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* [[Frank Beard (musician)|Frank Beard]], musician [[ZZ Top]] |
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* [[Dan Beebe]], former Commissioner of the [[Big 12 Conference]] |
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* [[Chris Bosh]], professional basketball player with the [[Miami Heat]] |
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* [[Tim Brown (American football)]], Heisman Award winning football player from the [[University of Notre Dame]] and wide receiver for AFC [[Oakland Raiders]]. |
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* [[Waymond Bryant]], former [[American football]] [[linebacker]], played for the [[Chicago Bears]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.databasefootball.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=BRYANWAY01|title= Waymond Bryant|publisher= databaseFootball.com |accessdate= November 10, 2012}}</ref> |
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* [[Josh Carter]], basketball player with [[Maccabi Ashdod B.C.]] |
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* [[Jason Castro (singer)|Jason Castro]], Christian pop artist who appeared on the seventh season of ''[[American Idol]]'' |
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* [[John Ford Coley]] — partner in musical duo with Dan Seals; hits include "[[I'd Really Love to See You Tonight]]" |
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* [[Pat Corley]], actor |
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* [[Dave Duncan (baseball)|Dave Duncan]], former baseball player |
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* [[Andre Emmett]], professional basketball player |
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* [[Morgan Fairchild]], film and television actress |
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* [[Tony Goolsby]], businessman, member of the Texas House of Representatives from Dallas County, 1989-2009 |
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* [[Selena Gomez]], actress and singer |
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* [[Joe Hahn]], [[Disc jockey|turntablist]] and [[Music video director|director]] of [[Rock music|rock]] band [[Linkin Park]] |
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* [[Haiqeem]], singer |
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* [[Chris Harrison]], host of the TV show ''[[The Bachelor (US TV series)|The Bachelor]]'' |
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* [[Will Ford Hartnett]], lawyer and Republican member of the Texas House from 1991 to 2013 |
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* [[Brad Hawkins]], actor, star of ''[[VR Troopers]]'' |
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* [[Jerry Haynes]], host of Mr. Peppermint and Peppermint Place |
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* [[Gibby Haynes]], lead singer of Butthole Surfers and son of local Dallas celebrity Jerry Haynes |
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* [[Josh Henderson]], actor and singer |
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* [[Logan Henderson]], 'Big Time Rush' Actor and singer |
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* [[Grant Hill]], professional basketball player with the [[Los Angeles Clippers]] |
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* [[Jerry E. Hinshaw]], former member of the [[Arkansas House of Representatives]], resided in Dallas in the first half of the 1950s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ark-cat.com/browse/fulldetail.aspx?id=90|title=Arkansas House of Representatives Seventy-Sixth General Assembly biographical information|publisher=ark-cat.com|accessdate=June 18, 2012}}</ref> |
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* [[Ray Wylie Hubbard]], singer and song writer |
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* [[Clark Hunt]], chairman & CEO of the [[Kansas City Chiefs]], son of [[Lamar Hunt]] |
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* [[Bishop T.D. Jakes]] senior pastor, The Potter House |
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* [[Robert Jeffress]], pastor of [[First Baptist Church (Dallas, Texas)|First Baptist Church]] of Dallas |
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* [[Nick Jonas]], pop singer best known for his appearances on various [[Disney Channel]] television shows and the [[Jonas Brothers]] Band |
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* [[Bill Keffer]], Republican member of the Texas House (District 107) from 2003 to 2007; Dallas lawyer |
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* [[Clayton Kershaw]], professional baseball pitcher with the [[Los Angeles Dodgers]] |
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* [[Jack Kilby]], one of two men who separately invented the integrated circuit in 1958; won the 2000 [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] |
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* [[Demi Lovato]], singer-songwriter, actress, musician |
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* [[Israel Luna]], filmmaker |
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* [[Lanham Lyne]], businessman and politician from Wichita Falls, born and reared in Dallas |
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* [[Stanley Marcus]], founder of high-end fashion department store [[Neiman-Marcus]] |
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* [[Russ Martin]], host of his own radio program in Dallas |
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* [[Meat Loaf]], rock and roll singer. |
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* [[Leighton Meester]], actress and singer known for her appearance on ''[[Gossip Girl (TV series)|Gossip Girl]]'' |
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* [[Steve Miller (musician)|Steve Miller]], rock musician and leader of Steve Miller Band |
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* [[Allen R. Morris]], [[Emmy Award]]-winning producer-director-writer |
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* [[Michael Martin Murphey]], singer and song writer |
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* [[Mitchel Musso]], singer and actor, known best for his role on ''[[Hannah Montana]]'' |
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* [[Davey O'Brien]], Heisman award winning quarterback for [[Texas Christian University]] and played for NFL [[Philadelphia Eagles]] |
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* [[Peter O'Donnell (Texas)|Peter O'Donnell]]: investor, philanthropist, Republican state party chairman in the 1960s<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statesman.com/news/news/local/uts-mr-anonymous-a-force-behind-research/nRt6R/|title=Ralph K.M. Haurwitz, UT's 'Mr. Anonymous' a force behind research: Peter O'Donnell, Jr., wife have given more than $135 million for science, engineering efforts, July 4, 2010|publisher=''[[Austin American-Statesman]]''|accessdate=September 12, 2013}}</ref> |
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* [[Corey Pavin]]: Professional golfer; successful career includes winning the 1995 [[U.S. Open (golf)|U.S. Open]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pgatour.com/golfers/001928/corey-pavin/|title =Corey Pavin| publisher= PGA Tour|accessdate= December 10, 2012}}</ref> |
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* [[Ross Perot]], billionaire businessman |
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* [[Steve Ramsey (football player)|Steve Ramsey]] — [[Punter (football position)|Punter]]/[[Quarterback]] [[New Orleans Saints]] 1970, [[Denver Broncos]] (1971–76) |
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* [[Lulu Roman]] — Former ''[[Hee Haw]]'' TV show personality. |
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* [[Mark Sanford (basketball)]], former professional basketball player [[Miami Heat]], Head Women's Basketball Coach for [[Northwood University]] (Florida Campus) |
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* [[Dan Seals]] — country and pop musician also known as [[England Dan]]. |
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* [[Ashlee Simpson]], singer |
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* [[Jessica Simpson]], singer and actress |
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* [[Lane Garrison]], actor |
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* [[Susan Shaw (scientist)]], environmental health scientist |
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* [[Boz Skaggs]], rock musician and classmate of Steve Miller |
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* [[Clay Smothers]], African-American member of the Texas House of Representatives from Dallas County; radio personality in Dallas; operator of an orphanage in [[Henderson County, Texas|Henderson County]] |
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* [[Burt Solomons]], lawyer, Republican former member of the Texas House of Representatives from [[Denton County, Texas|Denton County]], born in Dallas in 1950 |
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* [[Aaron Spelling]], television and film producer |
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* [[B.W. Stevenson]], singer and song writer |
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* [[Stephen Stills]], musician and singer with [[Buffalo Springfield]] and [[Crosby, Stills & Nash (and Young)]] |
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* [[Robert Tilton]], former televangelist and fraudster |
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* [[Bascom N. Timmons]], [[Washington, D.C.]], newspaperman worked at defunct ''Dallas-Times-Herald'' early in his career |
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* [[Usher (entertainer)|Usher]], singer |
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* [[Vanilla Ice]],rapper, known for his song "Ice, Ice, Baby" |
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* [[Lacey Von Erich]] Professional Wrestler |
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* [[Stevie Ray Vaughan]], blues guitarist |
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* [[Doak Walker]], Heisman award winning football player for [[Southern Methodist University (SMU)]]. Played professionally for the [[Detroit Lions]]. Enshrined in both the College and NFL Halls of Fame. |
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* [[Luke Wilson]], actor |
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* [[Owen Wilson]], actor |
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* [[Chris Young (pitcher)|Chris Young]], baseball player associated with the [[Texas Rangers (baseball)|Texas Rangers]] |
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==Sister cities== |
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Dallas has seven [[town twinning|Sister cities]] and six Friendship cities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dallas-ecodev.org/international/sister-cities/ |title=Sister Cities |publisher=Dallas-ecodev.org |accessdate=May 23, 2010}}</ref> |
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;''Sister cities:'' |
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*{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Brno]], Czech Republic<ref name="Brno twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?lan=en&nav01=2222&nav02=1249|title=City of Brno Foreign Relations - Statutory city of Brno|publisher=2003 [http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?lan=en City of Brno]|language=Czech|accessdate=6 September 2011}}</ref> |
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*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kolkata]], India |
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*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Dijon]], France |
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*{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Monterrey]], Mexico |
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*{{flagicon|LVA}} [[Riga]], Latvia |
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*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Saratov]], Russia |
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*{{flagicon|ROC}} [[Taipei]], Taiwan<ref name="Taipei twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://web.tcc.gov.tw/eng/sister_cities.htm|title=Taipei - International Sister Cities|accessdate=2013-08-23|work=Taipei City Council | archiveurl =http://web.archive.org/web/20121102035422/http://web.tcc.gov.tw/eng/sister_cities.htm|archivedate=2012-11-02}}</ref> |
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*{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Recife]], Brazil |
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;''Friendship cities:'' |
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*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Sendai]], Japan |
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*{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Tianjin]], People's Republic of China |
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*{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Qingdao]], People's Republic of China |
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*{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Dalian]], People's Republic of China |
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*{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Nanjing]], People's Republic of China |
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*{{flagicon|PER}} [[Trujillo, Peru|Trujillo]], Peru |
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*{{flagicon|PHI}} [[Taguig City]], Philippines |
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==See also== |
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{{portal|Texas|Dallas – Fort Worth Metroplex}} |
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* [[Dallas (1978 TV series)]] |
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* [[Dallas (disambiguation)]] |
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* [[I-35 Corridor]] |
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* [[List of museums in North Texas]] |
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* [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Dallas County, Texas]] |
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* [[Texaplex]] |
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* [[Texas Triangle]] |
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==References== |
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<!-- Please DO NOT use a scroll template or form/table for the reflink, please read warning on the scroll template page. Thank you --> |
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{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} |
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==Further reading== |
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<div class="references-small"> |
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* Herbert E. Bolton, ''Athanase de Mezieres and the Louisiana-Texas Frontier 1768–1780'', Cleveland: Arthur H. Clark Company, 1914. |
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* John William Rogers, ''The Lusty Texans of Dallas'', E. P. Dutton, 1951. |
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</div> |
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==External links== |
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{{Sister project links|Dallas|voy=Dallas}} |
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* [http://www.dallascityhall.com/ City of Dallas official website] |
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* [http://www.visitdallas.com/ Dallas Convention & Visitors Bureau] |
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* {{Handbook of Texas|id=hdd01|name=Dallas}} |
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{{Navboxes |
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{{Collin County, Texas}} |
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{{Dallas County, Texas}} |
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{{Denton County, Texas}} |
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{{Kaufman County, Texas}} |
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{{Rockwall County, Texas}} |
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{{Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex}} |
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[[Category:Dallas, Texas| ]] |
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[[Category:Cities in Collin County, Texas]] |
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[[Category:Cities in Dallas County, Texas]] |
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[[Category:Cities in Denton County, Texas]] |
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[[Category:Cities in Kaufman County, Texas]] |
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[[Category:Cities in Rockwall County, Texas]] |
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[[Category:Cities in Texas]] |
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[[Category:County seats in Texas]] |
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[[Category:Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex]] |
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[[Category:Populated places established in 1841]] |
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Revision as of 19:31, 5 November 2013
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