Data entry
Data entry, a person-based process,[1] is "one of the important basic"[2] tasks needed when no machine-readable version of the information for planned computer-based analysis or processing is readily available.[3]
Sometimes what is needed is "information about information (that) can be greater than the value of the information itself."[4] It can also involve filling in required information which is then "data-entered" from what was written on the research document, such as the growth in available items in a category.[4]: 68 This is a higher level of abstraction[5] than Metadata, "information about data."[6]
Procedures
Data entry is often done with a keyboard and at times also using a mouse,[7] although a manually-fed scanner may be involved.[8]
Historically, devices lacking any pre-processing capabilities were used.[9]
Keypunching
Data entry using keypunches was related to the concept of Batch processing - there was no immediate feedback.[10][11]
Computer keyboards
Computer keyboards and online data-entry provide the ability to give feedback to the data entry clerk doing the work;[12][13]
Numeric keypads
The addition of numeric keypads to computer keyboards[14] introduced quicker and often also less error-prone entry of numeric data.[15]
Computer mouse
The use of a computer mouse, typically on a personal computer, opened up another option for doing data entry.[16] Bold textJ5BY
Touch screens
Touch screens introduced even more options, including the ability to stand and do data entry, ,[16] especially given "a proper height of work surface when performing data entry."
Spreadsheets
Although most data entered into a computer are stored in a database, a significant amount is stored in a spreadsheet.[17] The use of spreadsheets instead of databases for data entry can be traced to the 1979 introduction of Visicalc,[18] and what some consider the wrong place[19] for storing computational data continues.[20]
Format control[21] and specialized data validation are reasons that have been cited for using database-oriented data entry software.[22][23]
Data management
The search for assurance about the accuracy of the data entry process predates computer keyboards and online data entry.[24][25] IBM even went beyond their 056 Card Verifier and developed their quiter IBM 059 model.[26]
Modern techniques go beyond mere range checks, especially when the new data can be evaluated using probability about an event.[27]
Assessment
A medical school tested its second year students and found their data entry skills, needed if they're to do small-scale unfunded research as part of their training, were below what they considered acceptable.[2][28]
See also
- Two pass verification
- Quality control
- Clinical data management
- Data verification
- Data entry clerk
- Input (computer science)
References
- ^ "Data entry ... Person based jobs" "Work from home".
- ^ a b Khan, A. M.; Shah, D.; Chatterjee, P. (2014). "Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care (Q3, 2014)". Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 3 (3): 216–218. doi:10.4103/2249-4863.141613. PMC 4209675. PMID 25374857.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ "A Primer on Machine Readability for Online Documents and Data".
- ^ a b Nicholas Negroponte (1995). Being Digital (C) 1995. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-679-43919-6.
- ^ EH McKinney (June 1, 2010). "Information about information: a taxonomy of views".
- ^ "metadata".
- ^ J. F. Thomsen (2008). "Carpal tunnel syndrome and the use of computer mouse and keyboard".
- ^ Miracel Griff (2014). Professional Accounting Essays and Assignments. ISBN 978-1312069312.
- ^ "Data Preprocessing Techniques for Data Mining" (PDF).
- ^ "Information Technology".
- ^ "How hardware and software contribute to efficiency and effectiveness".
- ^ {{cite web Computer keyboard providing an alert when typing /www.google.com/patents/US6970158}}
- ^ The Electronic supervisor : new technology, new tensions. ISBN 978-1428922761.
- ^ "What Is Ten-Key Data Entry?".
- ^ "Learning Numeric Data Entry". January 27, 2015.
- ^ a b "An Ergonomic Comparison of Data Entry Work Using a Keyboard vs.Touch Screen Input Device While Standing and Sitting". Journal of Ergonomics. 2014.
- ^ "Comparing Databases and Spreadsheets for Storing Data". December 1, 2003.
- ^ "... a few minutes of data entry. For example, a simple spreadsheet might hold payroll information with columns for ..." "Spreadsheet".
- ^ "Spreadsheet Does Not = Database". PCmag.com. February 3, 2004.
- ^ D. Birch (2018). "The Future of Spreadsheets in the Big Data Era".
- ^ (New Jersey's Kenilworth's zip code is 07033, for example, and not 7033, without the leading zero)
- ^ "Database and Spreadsheet".
- ^ "... and it's our old friend the database. ... allowing you to define the tables, data-entry screens" "7 spreadsheet problems... and how to solve them".
- ^ "IBM 056 card verifier" Card/tape writer. United States Department of the Army. 1977. p. 249.
- ^ "IBM 056 Card Verifier" (PDF).
- ^ "IBM 059 Card Verifier" (PDF).
- ^ "In a situation where one can obtain probabilistic information about an event, it may also be possible to learn something about the reliability of that info." S. Savari (2001). Information about information.
- ^ "found to be lacking in more than half of the respondents."