David Schindler

David Schindler
Born	(1940-08-03) August 3, 1940 Fargo, North Dakota
Citizenship	American Canadian
Alma mater	North Dakota State University University of Oxford
Known for	Experimental Lakes Area
Scientific career
Fields	Limnology Ecology
Institutions	University of Alberta
Thesis	Energy Relations at Three Trophic Levels in an Aquatic Food Chain  (1966)

David William Schindler, OC AOE FRSC FRS, (born August 3, 1940) is an American/Canadian limnologist. He holds the Killam Memorial Chair and is Professor of Ecology in the Department of Biological Sciences at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta. He is notable for "innovative large-scale experiments" on whole lakes at the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) which proved that "phosphorus controls the eutrophication (excessive algal blooms) in temperate lakes leading to the banning of phosphates in detergents. He is also known for his research on acid rain In 1989, Dr. Schindler moved from the ELA to continue his research at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, with studies into fresh water shortages and the effects of climate disruption on Canada’s alpine and northern boreal ecosystems. Schindler’s has earned him numerous national and international awards, including the Gerhard Herzberg Gold Medal, the First Stockholm Water Prize (1991)(Sundbom 2010, p. 5), the Volvo Environment Prize (1998), and the Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement (2006).

Early life

Schindler was born August 3, 1940 in Fargo, North Dakota and grew up in Minnesota Lake. He holds dual-citizenship in Canada and the U.S..

Career

After completing his bachelor's degree in zoology from North Dakota State University in 1962 he studied aquatic ecology at Oxford University as a Rhodes scholar. He worked first under Nikolaas Tinbergen. But it was while working under Charles Sutherland Elton, one of the founders of ecology, who also established and led Oxford University's Bureau of Animal Population, that he began formulating an interdisciplinary ecosystem approach to study water and ecology. He received his Ph.D in ecology in 1966 from Oxford University. For two years he was an assistant professor in the Biology Department at Trent University. From 1968 to 1989, he directed the newly-created Experimental Lakes Area of the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans near Kenora, Ontario. This long-term study used whole lakes as natural laboratories, using an integrated ecosystem approach. This work is part of Schindler's large body of scientific work, which has influenced freshwater management policies including the regulation of toxins and the limitation of eutrophication and acid rain in Canada, the USA, and Europe.

In 1991 Schindler was awarded the prestigious Stockholm Water Prize for research into excess nutrification and acidification of freshwater lakes. In awarding the Prize, the committee noted that "A famous photograph of a Canadian lake drew attention to the effects of phosphorus and played an important part in generating public support for tackling the growing problem of eutrophication, an over-abundance of nutrients in aquatic systems and one of the most serious environmental threats facing freshwater bodies and semi-enclosed seas like the Baltic. That photograph has since been reproduced hundreds of times, for students, scientists and the general public."(Sundbom 2010, p. 5)

In 2006 Schindler received the Tyler Award for Environmental Achievement joining "luminaries as primatologist Jane Goodall; Sir Richard Doll, who established the link between lung cancer and cigarette smoking; and Nobel laureates Paul Critzen and Mario Molina." In a letter supporting the award, Stanford University biological sciences professor Peter Vitousek claimed that the "fertilization of entire lakes" the Experimental Lakes area "provided incorruptible findings" that proved that "phosphorus controls the eutrophication of temperate lakes." "In a series of landmark experiments conducted during the 1970s and 1980s, Schindler demonstrated that acid rain could begin destroying freshwater lakes at far lower levels than previously thought, and that phosphorus was the major cause of uncontrolled algae growth." Wallace S. Broecker

In his book co-authored with John R. Vallentyne entitled The Algal Bowl: Overfertilization of the World's Freshwaters and Estuaries (2008), Schindler warned about algal blooms and dead zones, "The fish-killing blooms that devastated the Great Lakes in the 1960s and 1970s haven't gone away; they've moved west into an arid world in which people, industry, and agriculture are increasingly taxing the quality of what little freshwater there is to be had here....This isn't just a prairie problem. Global expansion of dead zones caused by algal blooms is rising rapidly...(Schindler 2008)"

In 2008 he was honoured with the Alberta Order of Excellence as professor and mentor and "an internationally celebrated scientist who has led efforts to protect fresh water resources in Canada and around the world. His groundbreaking research has served as a clarion call alerting authorities and the public to the effects of pollutants and climate change on the environment. "

In 2010 he co-authored a report on contaminants in fresh water systems in the area affected by the oil sands development entitled "Oil sands development contributes elements toxic at low concentrations to the Athabasca River and its tributaries."

Schindler has made numerous appearances in film and television programs speaking on issues of water and air quality, particularly regarding the environmental impact of Alberta's oil sands. In 2011 he was featured in the documentary film Peace Out.

Selected Publications

• Erin N. Kelly; David W. Schindler; Peter V. Hodson; Jeffrey W. Short; Roseanna Radmanovich; Charlene C. Nielsen (Sep 14, 2010). "Oil sands development contributes elements toxic at low concentrations to the Athabasca River and its tributaries". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (37): 16178–16183. doi:10.1073/pnas.1008754107. PMC 2941314. PMID 20805486.
• Schindler, David W.; Vallentyne, John R. (2008-08-30). The Algal Bowl: Overfertilization of the World's Freshwaters and Estuaries. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Schindler, David W. Donahue (2006). "An impending water crisis in Canada's western prairie provinces". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (19): 7210–7216. doi:10.1073/pnas.0601568103. PMC 1564278. PMID 16606829.
• Tilman; Farglione, D.J.; Wolff, B.; D'Antonio, C.; Dobson, A.; Howarth, R.; Schindler, D.; Schlesinger, W.; Simberloff, D. (2001). "Forecasting agriculturally-driven global environmental change" (PDF). Science. 292: 281–284. doi:10.1126/science.1057544. PMID 11303102. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
• Schindler, D.W. (2001). "The cumulative effects of climate warming and other human stresses on Canadian freshwaters in the new millennium". Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 58: 18–29. doi:10.1139/f00-179.
• Schindler, D.W. (2000). "Aquatic problems caused by human activities in Banff National Park". Ambio. 29: 401–407. doi:10.1639/0044-7447(2000)029[0401:apcbha]2.0.co;2.
• Wilhelm, F.M.; Schindler, David W. (2000). "Reproductive strategies of Gammarus lacustris (Crustacea: Amphipoda) along an elevation gradient". Functional Ecology. 14: 413–422. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2435.2000.00426.x.
• Hudson, J.J.; Taylor, W.D.; David, W.Schindler (2000). "Phosphate concentration in lakes". Nature. 406: 54–56. doi:10.1038/35017531.
• Wilhelm, F.M.; Parker, B.R.; Schindler, D.W.; Donald, D.B. (2000). "Seasonal food habits of bull trout from a small alpine lake in the Canadian Rocky Mountains". Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 128: 1176–1192. doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<1176:sfhobt>2.0.co;2.
• Campbell, L.M.; Schindler, D.W.; Donald, D.B.; Muir, D.C.G. (2000). "Organochlorine transfer in the food web of subalpine Bow Lake, Banff National Park. Can. J. Fish. Aquat". Sci. 57: 1–12.
• Hudson, J.J.; Taylor, W.D.; Schindler, David W. (1999). "Planktonic nutrient regeneration and cycling efficiency along a trophic gradient of temperate lakes". Nature. 400: 659–661. doi:10.1038/23240.
• Schindler, David W. (1999). "From acid rain to toxic snow (Volvo Environmental Prize Lecture)". Ambio. 28: 350–355.
• Donald, D.B.; Syrgiannia, J.; Crosley, R.W.; Holdsworth, G.; Muir, D.C.G.; Rosenberg, B.; Sole, A.; Schindler, D.W. (1999). "Delayed deposition of organochlorine pesticides at a temperate glacier". Environ. Sci. Technol. 33: 1794–1798. doi:10.1021/es981120y.
• McNaught, A.S.; Schindler, David W.; Parker, B.R.; Paul, A.J.; Anderson, R.S.; Donald, D.B.; Agbeti, M. (1999). "Restoration of the food web of an alpine lake following fish stocking". Limnol. Oceanogr. 44: 127–136. doi:10.4319/lo.1999.44.1.0127.
• Wilhelm, F.M.; Schindler, D.W. (1999). "Effects of Gammarus lacustris (Crustacea: Amphipoda) on plankton community structure in an alpine lake. Can. J. Fish. Aquat". Sci. 56: 1401–1408. doi:10.1139/f99-067.
• Blais, J.M.; Schindler, David W.; Muir, D.C.G.; Donald, D.B.; Rosenberg, B. (1998). "Accumulation of persistent organochlorine compounds in mountains of western Canada". Nature. 395: 585–588. doi:10.1038/26944.
• Schindler, David W. (1998). "Replication versus realism: the need for ecosystem-scale experiments". Ecosystems. 1: 323–334. doi:10.1007/s100219900026.
• Schindler, David W. (1998). "A dim future for boreal waters and landscapes". BioScience. 48: 157–164. doi:10.2307/1313261.
• Schindler, David W. (1997). "Widespread effects of climatic warming on freshwater ecosystems". Hydrologic Processes. 11: 1043–1067. doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1085(19970630)11:8<1043::aid-hyp517>3.0.co;2-5.
• Leavitt, P.; Vinebrooke, R.D.; Donald, D.B.; Smol, J.P.; Schindler, David W. (1997). "Past ultraviolet radiation environments in lakes derived from fossil pigments". Nature. 388: 457–459. doi:10.1038/41296.
• Schindler, David W.; Curtis, P.J. (1997). "The role of DOC in protecting freshwaters subjected to climatic warming and acidification from UV exposure". Biogeochemistry. 36: 1–8.
• Schindler, David W.; Curtis, P.J.; Bayley, S.E.; Parker, B.R.; Beaty, K.G.; Stainton, M.P. (1997). "Climate-induced changes in the dissolved organic carbon budgets of boreal lakes". Biogeochemistry. 36: 9–28.
• Schindler, David W.; Bayley, S.E.; Parker, B.R.; Beaty, K.G.; Cruikshank, D.R.; Fee, E.J.; Schindler, E.U.; Stainton, M.P. (1996). "The effects of climatic warming on the properties of boreal lakes and streams at the Experimental Lakes Area, Northwestern Ontario". Limnol. Oceanogr. 41: 1004–1017. doi:10.4319/lo.1996.41.5.1004.
• Schindler, David W.; Curtis, P.J.; Parker, B.; Stainton, M.P. (1996). "Consequences of climate warming and lake acidification for UV-b penetration in North American boreal lakes". Nature. 379: 705–708. doi:10.1038/379705a0.
• Kidd, K.A.; Schindler, David W.; Muir, D.C.G.; Lockhart, W.L.; Hesslein, R.H. (1995). "High toxaphene concentrations in fish from a subarctic lake". Science. 269: 240–242. doi:10.1126/science.269.5221.240.
• Carpenter, S.R.; Chisholm, S.W.; Krebs, C.J.; Schindler, David W.; Wright, R.F. (1995). "Ecosystem experiments". Science. 269 (5222): 324–327. doi:10.1126/science.269.5222.324.
• Schindler, David W.; Kidd, K.A.; Muir, D.; Lockhart, L. (1995). "The effects of ecosystem characteristics on contaminant distribution in northern freshwater lakes". Sci. Tot. Environ. 160/161: 1–17.
• Kidd, K.A.; Schindler, David W.; Hesslein, R.H.; Muir, D.C.G. (1995). "Correlation between stable nitrogen isotope ratios and concentrations of organochlorines in biota from a freshwater food web". Sci. Tot. Environ. 160/161: 381–390.
• Schindler, David W.; Mills, K.H.; Malley, D.F.; Findlay, D.L.; Shearer, J.A.; Davies, I.J.; Turner, M.A.; Linsey, G.A.; Cruikshank, D.R. (1985). "Long-term ecosystem stress: The effects of years of experimental acidification on a small lake". Science. 228: 1395–1401. doi:10.1126/science.228.4706.1395. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
• Schindler, David W.; Beaty, K.G.; Fee, E.J.; Cruikshank, D.R.; DeBruyn, E.D.; Findlay, D.L.; Linsey, G.A.; Shearer, J.A.; Stainton, M.P. (1990). "Effects of climatic warming on lakes of the central boreal forest". Science. 250: 967–970. doi:10.1126/science.250.4983.967. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
• Schindler, David W. (1977). "Evolution of phosphorus limitation in lakes: Natural mechanisms compensate for deficiencies of nitrogen and carbon in eutrophied lakes". Science. 195: 260–262. doi:10.1126/science.195.4275.260.
• Schindler, David W. (1974). "Eutrophication and recovery in experimental lakes: Implications for lake management". Science. 184: 897–899. doi:10.1126/science.184.4139.897.

Selected Awards and Honours

• Royal Canadian Institute’s Sandford Fleming Medal for Public Communication of Science (2009)
• Alberta Order of Excellence (2008) AB. Members Profile David W. Schindler. Alberta Order of Excellence.
• Co-recipient, Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement (2006)
• American Society of Limnology and Oceanography Ruth Patrick Award (2006)
• Alberta Centennial Medal (2005)
• Officer of the Order of Canada (2004)
• Lifetime Achievement Award, Canadian Institute for Environmental Law and Policy (2004)
• Killam Prize, Canada Council for the Arts (2003)
• Elected Foreign Member, Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences (2003)
• Queen's Golden Jubilee Medal, Office of the Governor General of Canada (2002)
• City of Edmonton, Award of Distinction (2002)
• Elected Member, National Academy of Sciences (USA) (2002)
• Environment Canada, EcoLogo/Natural Marine Environmental Award (2002)
• R.A. Vollenweider Lectureship, National Water Research Institute (2001)
• Gerhard Herzberg Canada Gold Medal for Science and Engineering, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada) (2001)
• Canadian Nature Federation’s Douglas Pimlott Award for Conservation (2001)
• Award of Excellence, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada) (2001)
• Fellow of the Royal Society (2001)
• NSERC Award of Excellence (2000)
• Co-recipient, Volvo Environment Prize (1998)
• First Romanowski Medal, Royal Society of Canada (1994)
• Manning Award of Distinction for Innovation in Science (1993)
• First Stockholm Water Prize, Stockholm Water Foundation (1991)
• Hutchinson Medal, American Society of Limnology and Oceanography (1985)
• Naumann-Thienemann Medal of the International Limnological Society (1988)
• Frank Rigler Award of the Canadian Limnological Society (1984)
• Outstanding Achievement Award of the American Institute of Fisheries Biologists (1984)
• Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada (1983)
• Rhodes Scholarship, 1962–1966