View source for Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania

{{Short description|Romanian political party}}
{{Infobox political party
| name             = Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania
| native_name      = {{Nobold|{{Lang|hu|Romániai Magyar Demokrata Szövetség}}<br/>{{Lang|ro|Uniunea Democrată Maghiară din România}}}}
| logo             = [[File:Logo of the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania.svg|150px]]
| country          = Romania
| leader1_title    = President
| leader1_name     = [[Hunor Kelemen]]
| leader2_title    = Leader in the [[Senate of Romania|Senate]]
| leader2_name     = {{interlanguage link|Lóránd Turos|ro}}
| leader3_title    = Leader in the [[Chamber of Deputies (Romania)|Chamber of Deputies]]
| leader3_name     = [[Botond Csoma]]
| foundation       = 25 December 1989<ref name="Niessen2005">{{cite book|author=James P. Niessen|chapter=Romania|editor=Richard C. Frucht|title=Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lVBB1a0rC70C&pg=PA767|year=2005|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-800-6|page=767}}</ref>
| headquarters     = [[Bucharest]] (presidency)<br />[[Cluj-Napoca]] (presidency and executive presidency)<ref>[http://www.rmdsz.ro/script/aboutus.php?lang=hu&menuoption=0&aboutusID=2 UDMR statute] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030529000000/http://www.rmdsz.ro/script/aboutus.php?lang=hu&menuoption=0&aboutusID=2|date=29 May 2003}} {{in lang|hu}}; [http://www.rmdsz.ro/script/contact.php?lang=ro UDMR contacts] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030514000000/http://www.rmdsz.ro/script/contact.php?lang=ro|date=14 May 2003}} {{in lang|ro}}</ref>
| ideology         = {{ubl|class=nowrap|
 |[[Hungarians in Romania|Hungarian]] [[minority politics|minority interests]]<ref>{{cite web|first=Wolfram|last=Nordsieck|url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/romania.html|title=Romania|website=Parties and Elections in Europe|year=2020|access-date=18 December 2020}}</ref>
 |[[Transylvanianism]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://transilvaniareporter.ro/opinii/raportul-dintre-udmr-si-orban-politica-de-lobby/ | title=Legătura stranie dintre Viktor Orbán şi UDMR | date=27 February 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://clujtoday.ro/udmr-mizeaza-pe-transilvanism-hunor-kelemen-a-primit-o-nou-mandat-de-presedinte/ | title=UDMR mizează pe transilvanism - Hunor Kelemen a primit o nou mandat de președinte | date=May 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rador.ro/2017/08/08/transilvanismul-si-centenarul/ | title=Transilvanismul şi Centenarul &#124; Agenția de presă Rador | date=8 August 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://romania.europalibera.org/a/udmr-aliante-cu-orice-partid/29786583.html | title=Cum vede UDMR viitorul Transilvaniei | newspaper=Europa Liberă România | date=23 February 2019 | last1=Liberă | first1=Europa }}</ref>
 |[[Social conservatism]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-politic-25523895-senatul-adoptat-tacit-proiect-lege-anti-lgbt-depus-sapte-parlamentari-udmr-similar-celui-din-ungaria-lui-viktor-orban.htm | title=Senatul a adoptat tacit un proiect de lege anti-LGBT depus de șapte parlamentari UDMR și similar celui din Ungaria lui Viktor Orban }}</ref>
|[[Economic nationalism]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-politic-8942286-varujan-vosganian-pnl-harghita-covasna-nu-pot-trai-autonom-pentru-sunt-sarace-depind-bucuresti.htm | title=Varujan Vosganian (PNL): Harghita si Covasna nu pot trai autonom pentru ca sunt sarace si depind de Bucuresti }}</ref>
|[[Pro-Europeanism]]<ref name="demsoc">{{cite web|last=Terry|first=Chris|date=19 May 2014|url=http://www.demsoc.org/2014/05/19/democratic-union-of-hungarians-in-romania-udmr/|title=Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR)|website=The Democratic Society|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123223312/https://www.demsoc.org/2014/05/19/democratic-union-of-hungarians-in-romania-udmr/|archive-date=23 January 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
[[Liberalism]]<ref>https://transtelex.ro/velemeny/2023/02/17/liberalizmus-illiberalizmus-neoliberalizmus-erdelyi-magyar-politika-rmdsz-fidesz</ref>
| position         = [[Centre-right politics|Centre-right]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Păun|first1=Nicolae|last2=Ciceo |first2=Georgiana|last3=Domuţa|first3=Dorin|title=Religious Interactions of the Romanian Political Parties. Case Study: The Christian-Democratic Connection|journal=Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies|date=2009|volume=8|issue=24|pages=104–132 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/49614229}}</ref>
| international    = {{nowrap|[[Centrist Democrat International]] (CDI)}}
| national         = [[National Coalition for Romania]] (CNR) (2021–2023)
| european         = [[European People's Party]] (EPP)
| europarl         = [[European People's Party Group]] (EPP Group)
| colorcode        = Green
| seats1_title     = [[Senate of Romania|Senate]]
| seats1           = {{Composition bar|9|136|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
| seats2_title     = [[Chamber of Deputies (Romania)|Chamber of Deputies]]
| seats2           = {{Composition bar|20|330|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
| seats3_title     = [[European Parliament]]
| seats3           = {{Composition bar|2|33|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
| seats4_title     = Mayors
| seats4           = {{Composition bar|200|3176|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
| seats5_title     = [[Counties of Romania|County]] Presidents
| seats5           = {{Composition bar|4|41|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
| seats6_title     = [[Counties of Romania|County]] Councilors
| seats6           = {{Composition bar|104|1340|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
| seats7_title     = Local Council Councilors
| seats7           = {{Composition bar|2526|39900|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
| flag             = [[File:FlagofHungarianRomanians.png|200px|border|Flag of the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania]]
| website          = {{URL|http://www.dahr.ro/}}
}}

The '''Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania''' ('''DAHR'''; {{langx|hu|Romániai Magyar Demokrata Szövetség, '''RMDSZ'''}}, {{IPA-hu|ˈromaːnijɒji ˈmɒɟɒr ˈdɛmokrɒtɒ ˈsøvɛt͡ʃːeːɡ|}}; {{langx|ro|Uniunea Democrată Maghiară din România, '''UDMR'''}}) is a [[list of political parties in Romania|political party]] in [[Romania]] which aims to represent the significant [[Hungarians in Romania|Hungarian minority of Romania]].<ref name="Kantor2008">{{cite book|author=Zoltan Kantor|chapter=Institutionalizing nationalism|editor1=Andrew M. Blasko|editor2=Diana Januauskiene|title=Political Transformation and Changing Identities in Central and Eastern Europe|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lMgbPeeVg7IC&pg=PA74|year=2008|publisher=CRVP|isbn=978-1-56518-246-2|page=74}}</ref>

Officially considering itself a federation of minority interests rather than a party,<ref name="Niessen2005"/> from the [[1990 Romanian general election|1990 general elections]] onwards the DAHR has had parliamentary representation in the Romanian [[Senate of Romania|Senate]] and [[Chamber of Deputies (Romania)|Chamber of Deputies]]. From 1996 onwards the DAHR has been a junior coalition partner in several governments. It has been described as having close ties with Hungary’s [[Social conservatism|socially-conservative]] longtime ruling [[Fidesz]] party and, implicitly, with [[Prime Minister of Hungary|Prime Minister]] [[Viktor Orbán]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Necșuțu |first=Mădălin |date=16 February 2022 |title=Romanian Hungarians Advocate Laws to Stop 'Gender Ideology Assault' |work=Balkan Insight |url=https://balkaninsight.com/2022/02/16/romanian-hungarians-advocate-laws-to-stop-gender-ideology-assault/ |access-date=7 September 2022}}</ref>

The party is a member of the [[European People's Party]] (EPP) and [[Centrist Democrat International]] (CDI).

== History ==

The UDMR was founded on 25 December 1989, immediately after the fall of the [[Socialist Republic of Romania|Communist dictatorship]] in the [[Romanian Revolution|Romanian Revolution of 1989]] to represent in public the interests of the [[Hungarians in Romania|Hungarian community of Romania]]. Its first president was writer [[Géza Domokos]] during the early 1990s.

The UDMR obtained consistent results during the 1990, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, and the 2012 elections, gaining representation in both houses of the Parliament, yet until 1996 the UDMR acted in opposition. From 1996 onwards, the party governed in a coalition with the [[Romanian Democratic Convention]] ({{langx|ro|Convenția Democrată Română}}) (CDR)&mdash;a wide centre-right alliance that won the elections that year&mdash;and obtained some positions in the government of [[Victor Ciorbea]].

Four years later, the opposition party, the [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|Social Democratic Party of Romania]] (PSD) won the 2000 elections. Although the UDMR did not join the new government as a coalition partner, it did sign a series of annual contracts with the PSD in which the PSD pledged to implement certain legal rights for the Hungarian minority community in return for UDMR's endorsement in parliament.

[[File:MARKODOMOKOS.jpg|thumb|Former presidents of the UDMR Géza Domokos and Béla Markó at one of the first meetings after the founding of the organisation]]

[[File:2010unnepseg20evesRMDSZ.jpg|thumb|The UDMR celebrates 20 years since its establishment]]

In the [[2004 Romanian presidential election|2004 elections]], the UDMR made an alliance to back [[Adrian Năstase]] of the Social Democratic Party, who was the favourite to win the presidential elections, but the surprise victory of [[Traian Băsescu]] rocked the Romanian political spectrum. After negotiations, the UDMR, together with the Romanian Humanist Party (later to become the [[Conservative Party (Romania)|Conservative Party]]), defected from the PSD alliance and pledged to form a coalition with the [[Justice and Truth Alliance]] (DA). The UDMR obtained positions in the government.

After the [[2008 Romanian legislative election|2008 legislative elections]] UDMR entered in opposition. In 2009, after the adoption of a motion of no confidence against the Emil Boc's left and right grand coalition government, the UDMR became part of the new Emil Boc Cabinet, and continued after Emil Boc's resignation as junior coalition partner of the Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu Cabinet together with the PDL and UNPR. In 2012 the Romanian Parliament voted a motion of no confidence against the Ungureanu Cabinet. After the formation of the [[Social Liberal Union]] (USL) government led by Victor Ponta, the UDMR entered the opposition.

After the 2012 elections the same parties continued to form a government under the leadership of Victor Ponta. In 2014 the liberal part of the party coalition left the government, while the UDMR, PC, and UNPR joined the new government. The UDMR left the government in December 2014, shortly after the landslide victory of Klaus Iohannis as President of Romania. Subsequently, the UDMR provided mostly confidence and supply agreements to other ruling majorities before becoming part of a grand coalition after December, 2020. After the resignation of the Ciucă Cabinet, UDMR withdrew from the coalition, after the National Liberals decided to take the Minister of Development, Public Works and Administration, which was held by UDMR in the [[Ciucă Cabinet]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-politic-26332170-lista-ministrilor-psd-pnl-din-guvernul-ciolacu-udmr-iese-guvernare.htm | title=Lista miniștrilor PSD și PNL din Guvernul Ciolacu / UDMR iese de la guvernare }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://m.stiri.tvr.ro/pre-edintele-pnl-nicolae-ciuca-despre-ie-irea-udmr-de-la-guvernare-pnl-a-oferit-udmr-ministerul-energiei-solicitarea-lor-a-fost-ministerul-dezvoltarii_933021.html | title=Președintele PNL, Nicolae Ciucă, despre ieșirea UDMR de la guvernare: PNL a oferit UDMR Ministerul Energiei. Solicitarea lor a fost Ministerul Dezvoltării }}</ref>

==Party organisation==
===Status===
UDMR is not a legally registered political party, but takes part in elections under art. 4(2) of the [https://web.archive.org/web/20061121225341/http://www.pndro.ro/pdf/Legea%20pentru%20alegerea%20Camerei%20Deputatilor%20si%20a%20Senatului.pdf Law 68/1992] which assimilates organizations representing national minorities to political parties from an electoral point of view. UDMR is an "alliance" of the ethnic Hungarian community in Romania, which incorporates several platforms of different ideologies, social, scientific, cultural or professional groups as associated organizations, youth and women organisations. The UDMR represents the [[Hungarian people|Magyar]] (ethnic Hungarian) community of Romania (1,237,746 citizens, according to the 2011 census). Hungarians represent 18.9% of the total population of Transylvania;<ref name="insse3">{{in lang|ro}} [http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/REZULTATE-DEFINITIVE-RPL_2011.pdf "Comunicat de presă privind rezultatele definitive ale Recensământului Populației și Locuințelor – 2011"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717125951/http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/REZULTATE-DEFINITIVE-RPL_2011.pdf |date=2013-07-17 }}, at the 2011 census site; accessed 10 July 2013</ref> in Szeklerland (Harghita, Covasna and part of Mureș counties) they form the majority. The overwhelming majority (99%) of the Hungarian population of Romania lives in Transylvanian counties (Arad, Bistriţa-Năsăud, Bihor, Brașov, Alba, Harghita, Hunedoara, Cluj, Covasna, Caraș-Severin, Maramureș, Mureș, Satu Mare, Sibiu, Sălaj, Timiș). In national elections, the Alliance consistently obtains around 6% of the votes, which roughly corresponds to the percentage of ethnic Hungarian voters (6,5%).

===Structure===
The organization's president is [[Hunor Kelemen]], elected at a party congress in 2011. [[Béla Markó]], a writer, had held the position from 1993. He in turn was preceded by founding president Géza Domokos, in office from 1990 to 1993.

The UDMR is structured into 22 territorial organizations, covering all regions of [[Transylvania]], the capital [[Bucharest]], several counties outside Transylvania, as well as platforms representing different political ideologies (Christian Democratic, Socialist, Liberal, National Liberal). It has several associated partners and groups representing the civil society, or the social, scientific, artistic or professional domains. As decision-making bodies, the UDMR operates the Congress, the Council of Representatives, the Permanent Council and the Presidency. The executive presidency is the executive body of the alliance. The consulting bodies of the alliance are: the Consulting Council of Regional Presidents, the Consulting Council of Platforms and the National Council of Self-governments. The bodies credited with controlling are the Regulation Control Committee, the Ethics and Disciplinary Committee. In addition, the President regularly convenes other consultative bodies such as the Economic Council and the Foreign Council.[[File:2014 SzekelyudvarhelyiKampanyindito.jpg|thumb|The UDMR celebrates 25 years since its establishment]]

===Doctrine===
As an ethnic minority organization representing the [[Székelys|Hungarians of Romania]], the UDMR, above all, concerns itself with Hungarian [[minority rights]], including cultural and territorial autonomy.

The most important objectives of the UDMR are the preservation and development of the Hungarian community in [[Transylvania]], the achievement of the different types of autonomy: cultural autonomy for the smaller and most vulnerable communities and the territorial autonomy and self-determination for those living in large majority area. The use of the mother tongue in all segments of private and public life, the education in mother tongue, the administration of all establishments in the area of minority education and culture are the most important elements of the daily struggle of the UDMR.

The alliance has undertaken the task of representing the interests of the Hungarian community of Romania in Romanian and European politics as well. Ever since its establishment, the formation advocated for the necessity of a united political life, one single voice, that expresses the goals of the [[Hungarians in Romania|Hungarian minority in Romania]]. This is based on the principle that, as a minority, the Transylvanian Hungarian community should politically be represented by a single, united organization that would offer a framework for varied ideologies and not by various political parties. The UDMR seeks to establish equal to equal relations with Romanian and European political actors expecting their support in pursuing the goals of the Hungarian community. The UDMR is convinced the Hungarian community in Romania is the only entity entitled to make decisions concerning the Hungarian community in Romania.

The UDMR focuses on cooperation and dialogue with the majority. Participating in the governing coalition is important as the alliance can greatly contribute through governmental means to the improvement of the life of the Hungarian community in Romania. The presence and role in the Romanian government of the UDMR protects the status and future of ethnic minorities in Romania and safeguards their evolution. The presence of the UDMR in the Romanian government is not limited to benefits in the field of Romanian politics: the fact bears an important message for states in the vicinity of Hungary, where ethical issues have lately appeared to be increasingly problematic. Since 1999 the UDMR has been a member of the [[European People's Party]] (EPP), and since 1991 it is member of the [[Federal Union of European Nationalities]] (FUEN).

Various specific goals, gradually detailed during the years, include:

* Free use of mother tongue in private and public life, as well as in administration and justice;
* Development of a native-language school system, with all levels and all types of instruction;
* Full restitution of the community and Church-owned properties that were confiscated during the Communist regime;
* Autonomy and self governance for Szeklerland;
* Cultural autonomy for all national minorities in Romania (national minority law in the Romanian Parliament 2005);
* Decentralization of administration.

The UDMR leaders have claimed on several occasions that they believe [[local autonomy]] (decentralization) to be the most appropriate and efficient form of [[Self-governance|self-government]]. However, the UDMR has also stated that it wishes to achieve this goal only through a dialogue and consensus with the Romanian majority, and based on proven [[Western Europe]]an models.

The UDMR has been criticized on several occasions for its lack of specific doctrine. The main argument for preserving the current structure is that if it split up into smaller fractions of different ideological orientations, it would be impossible for the Hungarian community to obtain more seats in the Parliament (one single seat is allocated to each minority group by default) due to the [[electoral threshold]] of 5%.

Several voices from within the UDMR and the Hungarian community have criticized it for being too moderate and making too many compromises in political treaties with other Romanian parties. The [[Hungarian Civic Party (Romania)|Hungarian Civic Alliance]], formed by Hungarians against the UDMR, and the [[Hungarian People's Party of Transylvania]] (PPMT) formed by former members of the UDMR aimed to form separate, more radical, political entities. However, during the 2004 and 2008 elections, the UDMR proved to still have the endorsement of the overwhelming majority of Hungarians. Disputes with this fraction group led to the departure of [[László Tőkés]] (who endorsed the PPMT) from the position of honorary president. In 2009 Tőkés joined, as frontrunner, the Hungarian Unity list for the European Parliamentary elections in Romania, but as elected Member of the European Parliament, he became an independent politician and resigned from his UDMR membership.

In 2022, the UDMR proposed an amendment to the Romanian Child Protection Law that would ban the discussion of homosexuality and gender identity in public spaces. The bill passed in the Senate of Romania in April 2022 and was approved by the Romanian Human Rights Commission but requires approval by Romania's lower house of Parliament.<ref>{{cite news |last= Radu |first= Alexandra |date= 12 July 2022 |title= Photos: Thousands march in Romania as law censoring LGBTQ looms |url= https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2022/7/12/photos-thousands-march-in-romania-as-law-censoring-lgbtq-looms |work= Al Jazeera |access-date= 7 September 2022}}</ref>

Despite the fact that UDMR maintains a moderate autonomist outlook, some politicians and pundits in Romania criticized several leading figures of the party as [[Hungarian nationalism|Hungarian nationalist]], [[Separatism|separatist]], and [[anti-Romanian]].<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2021 |title=Deputat UDMR: 1 decembrie este zi de doliu pentru comunitatea maghiară din România |url=https://www.digi24.ro/stiri/actualitate/politica/deputat-udmr-pentru-comunitatea-maghiara-din-romania-1-decembrie-este-zi-de-doliu-1755741}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Andrei |first=Cristian |date=6 May 2020 |title=Proiectul UDMR a aprins discuțiile în Parlament despre federalizarea României, Trianon și pacea interetnică |newspaper=Europa Liberă România |url=https://romania.europalibera.org/a/proiectul-udmr-a-aprins-discuțiile-în-parlament-despre-federalizarea-româniei-trianon-și-pacea-interetnică/30596089.html |via=romania.europalibera.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=23 May 2022 |title=PSD iese la atac în scandalurile cu iz naționalist din jurul UDMR. "Sunt subiecte importante pe agenda lor, împart un electorat cu AUR" |url=https://www.fanatik.ro/psd-iese-la-atac-in-scandalurile-cu-iz-nationalist-din-jurul-udmr-sunt-subiecte-importante-pe-agenda-lor-impart-un-electorat-cu-aur-20008474}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ziare.com - Mircea Miclea: Cartea nationalista jucata de UDMR va legitima nationalismul romanesc – DW – 14.03.2012 |url=https://www.dw.com/ro/ziarecom-mircea-miclea-cartea-nationalista-jucata-de-udmr-va-legitima-nationalismul-romanesc/a-15808492 |website=dw.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Shafir |first1=Michael |title=The Politics of National minority Participation in Post-Communist Europe |year=2019 |isbn=9781315699257 |pages=101–128 |chapter=The Political Party as National Holding Company: The Hungarian Democratic Federation of Romania |doi=10.4324/9781315699257-4 |chapter-url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315699257-4/political-party-national-holding-company-hungarian-democratic-federation-romania-michael-shafir |s2cid=146781794}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=10 April 2023 |title=Președinta Ungariei revine în România: Simbolurile naționale sunt date jos, iar cele străine se ridică în locul lor |url=https://www.bzi.ro/presedinta-ungariei-revine-in-romania-simbolurile-nationale-sunt-date-jos-iar-cele-straine-se-ridica-in-locul-lor-4689888}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Traian Băsescu, atac dur la Kelemen Hunor și UDMR. "Este un antiromân convins" |url=https://evz.ro/traian-basescu-atac-dur-la-kelemen-hunor-si-udmr-este-un-antiroman-convins.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=VIRGIL GURAN: "Parlamentarii UDMR trebuie să îşi revizuiască atitudinea" |url=https://www.bursa.ro/virgil-guran-parlamentarii-udmr-trebuie-sa-isi-revizuiasca-atitudinea-29924846}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=30 October 2016 |title=Incredibil: UDMR încurajează cultul criminalului de război Wass Albert, responsabil de moartea unor români și evrei, și cultul scriitorului fascist, antisemit și antiromân Nyiro Jozsef &#124; Cunoaste lumea |url=http://www.cunoastelumea.ro/incredibil-udmr-incurajeaza-cultul-criminalului-de-razboi-wass-albert-responsabil-de-moartea-unor-romani-si-evrei-si-cultul-scriitorului-fascist-antisemit-si-antiroman-nyiro-jozsef/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=UDMR a folosit numele lui Albert Wass, CRIMINAL DE RĂZBOI, PENTRU O STRADĂ din Târgul Secuiesc. Attila Korodi i-a luat apărarea celui CONDAMNAT DE JUSTIŢIE: "Este publicat în toată lumea" |url=https://evz.ro/udmr-a-folosit-numele-lui-albert-wass-criminal-de-razboi.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=23 May 2022 |title=SURSE Liderii PSD și PNL, tot mai nemulțumiți de comportamentul UDMR și al oficialilor din Ungaria, acuzați că încurajează revizionismul pe teritoriul României / Subiectul ar urma să fie ridicat la ședința coaliției din această seară |url=https://www.g4media.ro/liderii-psd-si-pnl-tot-mai-nemultumiti-de-comportamentul-udmr-si-al-oficialilor-din-ungaria-acuzati-ca-incurajeaza-revizionismul-pe-teritoriul-romaniei-subiectul-ar-urma-sa-fie-ridicat-la-sedinta.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=5 December 2022 |title=Ionut Stroe 'ataca' declaratiile liderilor UDMR: Nu putem vorbi de revizionism in anul 2021, despre anumite pretentii teritoriale |url=https://www.ziarelive.ro/stiri/ionut-stroe-ataca-declaratiile-liderilor-udmr-nu-putem-vorbi-de-revizionism-in-anul-2021-despre-anumite-pretentii-teritoriale.html}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=April 2023}}

==Achievements==

[[File:Hir1grad.png|thumb|Current leader of the UDMR, [[Hunor Kelemen]], ran as a presidential candidate for the [[2009 Romanian presidential election]], the [[2014 Romanian presidential election]], and the [[2019 Romanian presidential election]].]]

1989–1999:
* Developments in the educational system, including reclaiming for Hungarian-language education in some (though not all) schools that were transformed during the Communist regime;
* The law that allowed partial restitution of real estate confiscated during the Communist regime;
* Amendment to the administrative law, allowing for the use of Hungarian names of towns and villages as well as Romanian names (on public signs and indicators) where Hungarians live in numbers larger than 20%.

2000–2004:
* Adoption of restitution law of community forest, community and church real estates;
* Construction of new educational establishments, conservation of important historical buildings; 
* Implementation of language rights in administration and justice;
* The inauguration of the symbolic Liberty (Szabadság) statue in Arad, demolished by the communist regime.

2004–2008:
* Establishment of the Institute for Minority Studies in Cluj;
* Establishment of new schools for professional education;
* Construction of sport establishments across Transylvania;
* The opening of the General Consulate of Hungary in Miercurea-Ciuc;
* Availability of a Hungarian language telephone directory.

2010:
* Decentralization process in the education and in health services;
* The History and Geography of Romania can be learned in mother tongue;
* The Hungarian language education benefits from more funding, the establishments are administered by the local authorities.

2011:
* Important public investment were channeled into Hungarian led local communities, including sewage and water systems;
* The renewal of the 12 national road across Szeklerland;
* The UDMR managed to stop the intention of the political majority to create new and bigger administrative units, which would mint the diminution of Hungarian led counties.

2012–2013:
* The establishment of a Council for Cultural Autonomy, aiming to create a network of all goods and heritage of the Hungarian community in Romania;
* The UDMR presented the Transylvania 2020 project about the investment opportunities and development of the EU funding based on the 2014-2020 MFF of the EU;
* The UDMR together with the FUEN and the SVP from South Tyrol initiated the [[Minority SafePack]] European Citizens’ Initiative.

==Electoral history==
=== Parliamentary elections ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
! rowspan="2" |Election
! colspan="3" |[[Chamber of Deputies (Romania)|Chamber]]
! colspan="3" |[[Senate of Romania|Senate]]
! rowspan="2" |Position
! rowspan="2" |Aftermath
|-
!Votes
!%
!Seats
!Votes
!%
!Seats
|-
!rowspan=2|[[1990 Romanian general election|1990]]
|rowspan=2|991,601
|rowspan=2|7.23
|rowspan=2|{{Composition bar|29|395|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
|rowspan=2|1,004,353
|rowspan=2|7.20
|rowspan=2|{{Composition bar|12|119|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
|rowspan=2; style="text-align: center;"|{{color box|Silver|2nd|border=silver}}
|{{no2|Opposition to [[National Salvation Front (Romania)|FSN]] government (1990–1991)}}
|-
|{{no2|Opposition to [[National Salvation Front (Romania)|FSN]]-[[National Liberal Party (Romania)|PNL]]-[[Ecological Movement of Romania|MER]]-[[Democratic Agrarian Party of Romania|PDAR]] government (1991–1992)}}
|-
![[1992 Romanian general election|1992]]
|811,290
|7.46
|{{Composition bar|27|341|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
|831,469
|7.58
|{{Composition bar|12|143|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
|style="text-align: center;"|{{color box|Gray|5th|border=silver}}
|{{no2|Opposition to [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|PDSR]]-[[Romanian National Unity Party|PUNR]]-[[Greater Romania Party|PRM]] government (1992–1996)}} 
|-
![[1996 Romanian general election|1996]]
|812,628
|6.64
|{{Composition bar|25|343|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
|837,760
|6.82
|{{Composition bar|11|143|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
|style="text-align: center;"|{{color box|Gray|4th|border=silver}}
|{{yes2|[[Romanian Democratic Convention|CDR]]-[[Social Democratic Union (Romania)|USD]]-UDMR government (1996–2000)}}
|-
![[2000 Romanian general election|2000]]
|736,863
|6.80
|{{Composition bar|27|345|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
|751,310
|6.90
|{{Composition bar|12|140|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
|style="text-align: center;"|{{color box|Gray|5th|border=silver}}
|{{partial|Endorsing [[Social Democratic Pole of Romania|PDSR]] minority government (2000–2004)}}
|-
!rowspan=2|[[2004 Romanian general election|2004]]
|rowspan=2|628,125  	
|rowspan=2|6.17
|rowspan=2|{{Composition bar|22|332|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
|rowspan=2|637,109
|rowspan=2|6.10
|rowspan=2|{{Composition bar|10|137|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
|rowspan=2; style="text-align: center;"|{{color box|Gray|4th|border=silver}}
|{{yes2|[[Justice and Truth Alliance|DA]]-[[Conservative Party (Romania)|PUR]]-UDMR government (2004–2007)}}
|-
|{{yes2|[[National Liberal Party (Romania)|PNL]]-UDMR minority government (2007–2008)}}
|-
!rowspan=3|[[2008 Romanian parliamentary election|2008]]
|rowspan=3|425,008
|rowspan=3|6.20
|rowspan=3|{{Composition bar|22|334|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
|rowspan=3|440,449
|rowspan=3|6.39
|rowspan=3|{{Composition bar|9|137|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
|rowspan=3; style="text-align: center;"|{{color box|Gray|4th|border=silver}}
|{{no2|Opposition to [[Democratic Liberal Party (Romania)|PDL]]-[[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|PSD]]}} government (2008–2009)
|-
|{{yes2|[[Democratic Liberal Party (Romania)|PDL]]-[[National Union for the Progress of Romania|UNPR]]-UDMR government}} (2009–2012)
|-
|{{no2|Opposition to [[Social Liberal Union|USL]] government}} (2012)
|-
!rowspan=4|[[2012 Romanian parliamentary election|2012]]
|rowspan=4|380,656
|rowspan=4|5.14
|rowspan=4|{{Composition bar|18|412|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
|rowspan=4|388,528
|rowspan=4|5.24
|rowspan=4|{{Composition bar|9|176|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
|rowspan=4; style="text-align: center;"|{{color box|Gray|4th|border=silver}}
|{{no2|Opposition to [[Social Liberal Union|USL]] government (2012–2014)}}
|-
|{{yes2|[[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|PSD]]-[[National Union for the Progress of Romania|UNPR]]-UDMR-[[Conservative Party (Romania)|PC]] government}} (2014)
|-
|{{no2|Opposition to [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|PSD]]-[[National Union for the Progress of Romania|UNPR]]-[[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats (Romania)|ALDE]] government (2014–2015)}}
|-
|{{partial|Endorsing the [[technocracy|technocratic]] [[Cioloș Cabinet]] (2015–2017)}}
|-
!rowspan=4|[[2016 Romanian parliamentary election|2016]]
|rowspan=4|435,969
|rowspan=4|6.19
|rowspan=4|{{Composition bar|21|329|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
|rowspan=4|440,409
|rowspan=4|6.24
|rowspan=4|{{Composition bar|9|136|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
|rowspan=4; style="text-align: center;"|{{color box|Gray|4th|border=silver}}
|{{partial|Endorsing [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|PSD]]-[[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats (Romania)|ALDE]] government}} (2017–2019)
|-
|{{no2|Opposition to [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|PSD]] minority government}} (2019)
|-
|{{partial|Endorsing [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|PNL]] minority government}} (2019–2020)
|-
|{{no2|Opposition to [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|PNL]] minority government}} (2020)
|-
!rowspan=4|[[2020 Romanian parliamentary election|2020]]
|rowspan=4|339,030
|rowspan=4|5.74
|rowspan=4|{{Composition bar|21|330|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
|rowspan=4|348,262
|rowspan=4|5.89
|rowspan=4|{{Composition bar|9|136|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
|rowspan=4; style="text-align: center;"|{{color box|Gray|5th|border=silver}}
|{{yes2|[[National Liberal Party (Romania)|PNL]]-[[USR PLUS]]-UDMR government (2020–2021)}}
|-
|{{yes2|[[National Liberal Party (Romania)|PNL]]-UDMR minority government (2021)}}
|-
|{{yes2|[[National Coalition for Romania|CNR]] (with [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|PSD]] and [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|PNL]]) government}} (2021–2023)
|-
|{{no2|Opposition to [[National Coalition for Romania|CNR]] government (2023–present)}}
|}

=== Local elections ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
! rowspan="2"| Election
! colspan="3"| County Councilors (CJ)
! colspan="3"| Mayors
! colspan="3"| Local Councilors (CL)
! rowspan="2"| Popular vote
! rowspan="2"| %
! rowspan="2"| Position
|-
!Votes
!%
!Seats
!Votes
!%
!Seats
!Votes
!%
!Seats
|-
![[2008 Romanian local elections|2008]]
|429,329
|5.13
|{{Composition bar|89|1393|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
|378,413
|4.28
|{{Composition bar|184|3179|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
|404,657
|4.75
|{{Composition bar|2195|40297|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
!style="text-align: center;"|{{color box|Gray|4th|border=silver}}
|-
![[2012 Romanian local elections|2012]]
|473,783
|5.60
|{{Composition bar|88|1338|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
|400,627
|4.89
|{{Composition bar|202|3121|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
|435,205
|5.41
|{{Composition bar|2248|39121|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
!style="text-align: center;"|{{color box|Gray|4th|border=silver}}
|-
![[2016 Romanian local elections|2016]]
|411,823
|4.98
|{{Composition bar|95|1434|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
|315,236
|3.69
|{{Composition bar|195|3186|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
|390,321
|4.66
|{{Composition bar|2284|40067|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
!style="text-align: center;"|{{color box|Gray|4th|border=silver}}
|-
![[2020 Romanian local elections|2020]]
|379,924
|5.28
|{{Composition bar|92|1340|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
|299,334
|4.01
|{{Composition bar|199|3176|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
|362,442
|4.92
|{{Composition bar|2360|39900|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
|379,924
|5.28
!style="text-align: center;"|{{color box|Gray|6th|border=silver}}
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
! rowspan="2"| Election
! colspan="3"| County Presidents (PCJ)
! rowspan="2"| Position
|-
!Votes
!%
!Seats
|-
![[1992 Romanian local elections|1992]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{Composition bar|4|41|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
!style="text-align: center;"|{{color box|#CD7F32|3rd|border=silver}}
|-
![[1996 Romanian local elections|1996]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{Composition bar|6|41|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
!style="text-align: center;"|{{color box|#CD7F32|3rd|border=silver}}
|-
![[2000 Romanian local elections|2000]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{Composition bar|4|41|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
!style="text-align: center;"|{{color box|#CD7F32|3rd|border=silver}}
|-
![[2004 Romanian local elections|2004]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{Composition bar|5|41|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
!style="text-align: center;"|{{color box|Gray|4th|border=silver}}
|-
![[2008 Romanian local elections|2008]]
|419,028
|5.26
|{{Composition bar|4|41|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
!style="text-align: center;"|{{color box|Gray|4th|border=silver}}
|-
![[2012 Romanian local elections|2012]]
|467,420
|5.45
|{{Composition bar|2|41|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
!style="text-align: center;"|{{color box|Gray|4th|border=silver}}
|-
![[2016 Romanian local elections|2016]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{Composition bar|5|41|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
!style="text-align: center;"|{{color box|#CD7F32|3rd|border=silver}}
|-
![[2020 Romanian local elections|2020]]
|366,480
|5.04
|{{Composition bar|4|41|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
!style="text-align: center;"|{{color box|#CD7F32|3rd|border=silver}}
|-
![[2024 Romanian local elections|2024]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{Composition bar|4|41|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
!style="text-align: center;"|{{color box|#CD7F32|3rd|border=silver}}
|}

=== Presidential elections ===

{| class=wikitable width=100%
! rowspan=2|Election
! rowspan=2|Candidate
! colspan=3|First round
! colspan=3|Second round
|-
!Votes
!Percentage
!Position
!Votes
!Percentage
!Position
|-align=center
![[1996 Romanian general election|1996]]
| {{no2|[[György Frunda]]}} || 761,411 || {{Percentage bar|6.0|c={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}} || {{color box|Gray|4th|border=silver}} || bgcolor=lightgrey colspan=3|not qualified
|-align=center
![[2000 Romanian general election|2000]]
| {{no2|[[György Frunda]]}} || 696,989 || {{Percentage bar|6.2|c={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}} || {{color box|Gray|5th|border=silver}} || bgcolor=lightgrey colspan=3|not qualified
|-align=center
![[2004 Romanian general election|2004]]
| {{no2|[[Béla Markó]]}} || 533,446 || {{Percentage bar|4.1|c={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}} || {{color box|Gray|4th|border=silver}} || bgcolor=lightgrey colspan=3|not qualified
|-align=center
![[2009 Romanian presidential election|2009]]
| {{no2|[[Hunor Kelemen]]}} || 372,761 || {{Percentage bar|3.83|c={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}} || {{color box|Gray|5th|border=silver}} || bgcolor=lightgrey colspan=3|not qualified
|-align=center
![[2014 Romanian presidential election|2014]]
| {{no2|[[Hunor Kelemen]]}} || 329,727 || {{Percentage bar|3.47|c={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}} || {{color box|Gray|8th|border=silver}} || bgcolor=lightgrey colspan=3|not qualified
|-align=center
![[2019 Romanian presidential election|2019]]
| {{no2|[[Hunor Kelemen]]}} || 357,014 || {{Percentage bar|3.87|c={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}} || {{color box|Gray|6th|border=silver}} || bgcolor=lightgrey colspan=3|not qualified
|-align=center
![[2024 Romanian presidential election|2024]]
| [[Hunor Kelemen]] || 416,006 || {{Percentage bar|4.58|c={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}} || {{color box|grey|TBD|border=silver}} || bgcolor=lightgrey colspan=3|not qualified
|}

=== European elections ===

{| class=wikitable style="text-align: right;" width=70%
|-
! Election !! Votes !! Percentage !! [[Member of the European Parliament|MEP]]s !! Position !! [[European political party|EU Party]] !! [[Political groups of the European Parliament|EP Group]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
! [[2007 European Parliament election in Romania|2007]]
| 282,929
| 5.52%
| {{Composition bar|2|35|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
| {{color box|Gray|5th|border=silver}}
| [[European People's Party|EPP]]
| [[European People's Party Group|EPP Group]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
! [[2009 European Parliament election in Romania|2009]]
| 431,739	
| 8.92%
| {{Composition bar|3|33|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
| {{color box|Gray|4th|border=silver}}
| [[European People's Party|EPP]]
| [[European People's Party Group|EPP Group]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
! [[2014 European Parliament election in Romania|2014]]
| 350,689
| 6.29%
| {{Composition bar|2|32|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
| {{color box|Gray|5th|border=silver}}
| [[European People's Party|EPP]]
| [[European People's Party Group|EPP Group]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
! [[2019 European Parliament election in Romania|2019]]
| 476,777
| 5.26%
| {{Composition bar|2|32|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
| {{color box|Gray|6th|border=silver}}
| [[European People's Party|EPP]]
| [[European People's Party Group|EPP Group]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
! [[2024 European Parliament election in Romania|2024]]
| 579,180
| 6.48%
| {{Composition bar|2|32|hex={{party color|Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania}}}}
| {{color box|Gray|4th|border=silver}}
| [[European People's Party|EPP]]
| [[European People's Party Group|EPP Group]]
|}

==See also==
*[[Hungarians in Romania]]
*[[Székely autonomy movement]]

==Notes==
{{commons}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.rmdsz.ro/ Official site]
{{Romanian political parties}}
{{European People's Party}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Democratic Union of Hungarians In Romania}}
[[Category:1989 establishments in Romania]]
[[Category:Conservative parties in Romania]]
[[Category:Hungarian organizations in Romania]]
[[Category:Member parties of the European People's Party]]
[[Category:Members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization]]
[[Category:Non-registered political parties in Romania]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1989]]
[[Category:Pro-European political parties in Romania]]
[[Category:Regionalist parties in Romania]]
[[Category:Hungarian political parties in Romania]]