Dialister pneumosintes
| Dialister pneumosintes | |
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| Species: | D. pneumosintes
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| Dialister pneumosintes Olitsky and Gates 1921
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Dialister pneumosintes (formerly named Bacteroides pneumosintes) is a nonfermentative, anaerobic, gram-negative rod that grows with small, circular, transparent, shiny, smooth colonies on blood agar. D. pneumosintes has been recovered from deep periodontal pockets, but little is known about the relationship between the organism and destructive periodontal disease.[1]
History
B. pneumosintes, originally described by Olitsky and Gates as Bacterium pneumosintes in 1921,[2] was first isolated from nasopharyngeal secretions of patients with influenza during the epidemics of 1918 through 1921.[2] The species was later placed in the genus Dialister and subsequently transferred to the genus Bacteroides in 1970 (8).
During the 1980s, the genus Bacteroides underwent major taxonomic revisions, with many of the species being transferred to new genera. Shah and Collins in 1989 proposed that the genus Bacteroides be restricted to the saccharolytic, nonpigmented species of the Bacteroides fiagilis group. B. pneumosintes differs from this genus as defined by Shah and Collins, and its true taxonomic affiliations remained uncertain.[3] On the basis of phenotypic criteria, Moore and Moore[4] have recently resurrected the genus Dialister, to accommodate B. pneumosintes. Dialister is a genus of Firmicutes bacteria classified within the class Negativicutes.
Genome
D. pneumosintes has been difficult to identify and culture. Difficulties in isolation of D. pneumosintes may be the result of its strict anaerobic requirement and slow growth, its unreactivity in most conventional bacteriologic tests,the difficulty of distinguish it from the Eubacterium species in primary culture.[5] The partial 16s rRNA gene sequence of D. pneumosintes ATCC 33048T consisted of 1,504 nucleotides (corresponding to positions 29 to 1504 of the Escherichia coli 16s rRNA). Sequence similarity calculations revealed that the closest known phylogenetic relatives of D. pneumosintes are the gram-negative organisms of the Sporomusa subbranch of the gram-positive bacteria (approximately 81 to 88% sequence similarity). Members of the B. fiagilis group of species were phylogenetically far removed from D. pneumosintes, exhibiting approximately 70 to 72% sequence similarity. The sequence divergences observed between D. pneumosintes and M. elsdenii (approximately 11.5%) and between D. pneumosintes and Veillonella species (12.2 to 12.8%) are clearly indicative of separate genera.[6]
Role in disease
D. pneumosintes has shown pathogenic potential in various sites of the body including the lung, brain, and dental root canals.[7] It has been isolated from several human infections. The species was first isolated from nasopharyngeal secretions of patients during the flu epidemic of 1918 to 1921.[2] It has been identified in children with gingivitis[8] and young adults with periodontitis.[9] D. pneumosintes has also been recovered from pus and body fluids[10] and from human bite wounds.[11]
References
- ^ Doab, N; Contreras, A.; Flynn, J.; Slots, J.; Chen, C. (2000). "Molecular identification of Dialister pneumosintes in subgingival plaque of humans". Journal of clinical microbiology. 38 (8): 3043–3047.
- ^ a b c Olitsky, P.K.; Gates, F.L. (1921). "EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE NASOPHARYNGEAL SECRETIONS FROM INFLUENZA PATIENTS I. TRANSMISSION EXPERIMENTS WITH NASOPHARYNGEAL WASHINGS". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 33 (2): 125–145. doi:10.1084/jem.33.2.125.
- ^ Shah, H.N.; Collins, M.D. (1989). "Proposal to restrict the genus Bacteroides (Castellani and Chalmers) to Bacteroides fragilis and closely related species". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 39 (1): 85–87. doi:10.1099/00207713-39-1-85.
- ^ Moore, L.V.; Moore, W.E.C. (1994). "Oribaculum catoniae gen. nov., sp. nov.; Catonella morbi gen. nov., sp. nov.; Hallella seregens gen. nov., sp. nov.; Johnsonella ignava gen. nov., sp. nov.; and Dialister pneumosintes gen. nov., comb. nov., nom. rev., Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli from the Human Gingival Crevice". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 44 (2): 187–192. doi:10.1099/00207713-44-2-187.
- ^ Siqueira, J.F.; Rocas, I.N. (2002). "Dialister pneumosintes can be a suspected endodontic pathogen". Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 94 (4): 494–498. doi:10.1067/moe.2002.125202.
- ^ Willems, A.; Collins, M. D (1995). "Phylogenetic placement of Dialister pneumosintes (formerly Bacteroides pneumosintes) within the Sporomusa subbranch of the Clostridium subphylum of the gram-positive bacteria". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 45 (2): 403–405. doi:10.1099/00207713-45-2-403.
- ^ Moore, W.E.C.; Moore, L.V. (1994). "The bacteria of periodontal diseases". Periodontology 2000. 5 (1): 66–77. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0757.1994.tb00019.x.
- ^ Moore, W.E.; Holdeman, L. V.; Smibert, R. M.; Cato, E. P.; Burmeister, J. A.; Palcanis, K. G.; Ranney, R. R. (1984). "Bacteriology of experimental gingivitis in children". Infection and immunity. 46 (1): 1–6. PMC 261412. PMID 6480100.
- ^ Moore, W.E.; Holdeman, L. V.; Smibert, R. M.; Good, I. J.; Burmeister, J. A.; Palcanis, K. G.; Ranney, R. R. (1982). "Bacteriology of experimental gingivitis in young adult humans". Infection and Immunity. 38 (2): 651–667. PMC 347789. PMID 7141708.
- ^ Gorbach, S.; Mayhew, J. W.; Bartlett, J. G.; Thadepalli, H.; Onderonk, A. B. (1976). "Rapid diagnosis of anaerobic infections by direct gas-liquid chromatography of clinical specimens". Journal of Clinical Investigation. 57 (2): 478–84. doi:10.1172/jci108300. PMC 436673. PMID 1254729.
- ^ Goldstein, E.J.; Citron, D. M.; Finegold, S. M. (1984). "Role of anaerobic bacteria in bite-wound infections". Review of Infectious Diseases. 6 (1): 177–183. JSTOR 4453321.