Difluoroamino sulfur pentafluoride
 | |
| Names | |
|---|---|
Other names
| |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
|
|
| ChemSpider | |
PubChem CID
|
|
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
|
|
| |
| |
| Properties | |
| SF5NF2 | |
| Molar mass | 179.062 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colourless gas |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
| |
Difluoroamino sulfur pentafluoride is a gaseous chemical compound of fluorine, sulfur, and nitrogen. It is unusual in having a hexa-coordinated sulfur atom with a link to nitrogen. Other names for this substance include difluoro(pentafluorosulfur)amine, pentafluorosulfanyldifluoramine, and pentafluorosulfanyl N,N-difluoramine.
Properties
[edit]Difluoroamino sulfur pentafluoride is a colourless gas at room temperature.[3] The molecule is shaped as a tetragonal bipyramid around the sulfur atom.[3]
To within half a degree the boiling point is -17.5 °C.[3]
Difluoroamino sulfur pentafluoride is stable at room temperature, but decomposes on the timescale of hours at 80 °C. Decomposition results in sulfur tetrafluoride and nitrogen trifluoride.[3] It is not stable above 220 °C.[4] It is stable with water or stainless steel.[4]
When stored in quartz and exposed to ultraviolet light, it decomposes slightly and reacts with silica to make SF4, N2F4, SF6, NF3, SO2F2, SOF4 and N2O.[3]
The bond between sulfur and nitrogen is quite weak with a dissociation energy of 50 kcal/mol.[5]
The infrared spectrum contains strong absorption bands around 885, 910, and 950 cm−1 due to the bonds with fluorine. If a strong irradiation at 910 cm−1 with a laser takes place the molecules can be disrupted to form S2F10, SF4 and N2F4. By adjusting the frequency of a laser, the break up can be made isotope selective, and also the S2F10 can be broken up by another nearby frequency.[5]
The fluorine atoms attached to the sulfur are attached at close to 90° from each other, and the four around the equator are also at 90° from the nitrogen sulfur bond. The angle subtended by fluorine atoms on the nitrogen atom is about 98°, and the sulfur-nitrogen-fluorine angle is about 111°. The distance between sulfur and the four equatorial fluorine atoms is 1.545 Å. The axial fluorine to sulfur distance is 1.556 Å. Nitrogen sulfur distance is about 1.696 Å. The fluorine-nitrogen bond is the shortest in the molecule at 1.378 Å.[1]
Preparation
[edit]Difluoroamino sulfur pentafluoride has been prepared by irradiating a mixture of dinitrogen tetrafluoride and sulfur tetrafluoride with ultraviolet light.
- N2F4 + 2 SF4 → 2 SF5NF2.[3]
This preparation also works with a mixture of dinitrogen tetrafluoride and sulfur chloride pentafluoride. Formation requires the appearance of the SF5 radical and chlorine atoms, as well as the nitrogen difluoride radical.[3]
Another way to make difluoroamino sulfur pentafluoride is by heating dinitrogen tetrafluoride and sulfur. This results in the temporary formation of nitrogen difluoride. However the yield is only around 6%, and mostly sulfur tetrafluoride is formed.[3] Yet other substrates for dinitrogen tetrafluoride are disulfur decafluoride or sulfur dioxide or thiophosgene in an electric discharge.[6]
A corona discharge in a sulfur hexafluoride, nitrogen mixture produces a small amount of difluoroamino sulfur pentafluoride. This is important as high voltage equipment is often insulated with this gas combination.[7]
Pentafluorosulfanylamine reacts with fluorine gas to yield difluoroamino sulfur pentafluoride:[8]
- SF5NH2 + 2 F2 → SF5NF2 + 2 HF
Reactions
[edit]Difluoroamino sulfur pentafluoride reacts with Lewis acids like KrF+AsF6− at -31 °C to yield SF6, Kr, NF3 and solid N2F+AsF6−. With AsF5 at -196 °C (as liquid) it produces solid N2F+AsF6−, SF6 and trans-N2F2. Similar products also come from room temperature reactions.[9]
Use
[edit]There is a Russian patent to use a combination of alkenes and difluoroamino sulfur pentafluoride as a rocket fuel.[10]
Related
[edit]Related substances include fluoroimidotetrafluorosulfur F4S=NF and (SF5)2NF.[11] A tertiary amine exists with formula (SF5)3N.
Other variant substitutions on the nitrogen atom yield SF5NFCl, SF5NHF, SF5NCl2 and SF5NH2.
References
[edit]- ^ a b Haase, J.; Oberhammer, H.; Zentrum, W. Zeil; Glemser, O.; Mews, R. (1 January 1971). "Die Molekülstraktur des Difluoramin-Schwefelpentafluorids SF5NF2" (PDF). Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A (in German). 26 (8): 1333. Bibcode:1971ZNatA..26.1333H. doi:10.1515/zna-1971-0813. S2CID 98859416.
- ^ "Pentafluorosulfanyldifluoroamine". Pubchem. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Logothetis, A. L.; Sausen, G. N.; Shozda, R. J. (February 1963). "The Preparation of Difluoroamino Sulfur Pentafluoride". Inorganic Chemistry. 2 (1): 173–175. doi:10.1021/ic50005a044.
- ^ a b Macintyre, Jane E. (23 July 1992). Dictionary of Inorganic Compounds. CRC Press. p. 3240. ISBN 9780412301209.
- ^ a b Lyman, John L.; Danen, Wayne C.; Nilsson, Alan C.; Nowak, Andrew V. (1979). "Multiple-photon excitation of difluoroamino sulfur pentafluoride: A study of absorption and dissociation". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 71 (3): 1206. Bibcode:1979JChPh..71.1206L. doi:10.1063/1.438466.
- ^ Stump, Eugene C.; Padgett, Calvin D.; Brey, Wallace S. (17 November 1962). "The Synthesis of Difluoraminosulfur Pentafluoride". Inorganic Chemistry. 2 (3): 648–649. doi:10.1021/ic50007a062.
- ^ Casanovas, Anne-Marie; Vial, Lawrence; Coll, Isabelle; Storer, Magali; Casanovas, Joseph; Clavreul, Regine (2012-12-06). "Decomposition of SF6 under AC and DC Corona Discharges in High-Pressure SF6 and SF6/N2 (10–90%) Mixtures". In Christophorou, Loucas G.; Olthoff, James K. (eds.). Gaseous Dielectrics VIII. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 379–383. ISBN 9781461548997. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
- ^ Verma, R. D.; Kirchmeier, Robert L.; Shreeve, Jean'ne M. (1994-09-29). "Chemistry of Pentafluorosulfanyl Compounds". Advances in Inorganic Chemistry. Vol. 41. Academic Press. p. 144. ISBN 9780080578903.
- ^ Christe, Karl O.; Wilson, William W.; Schack, Carl J.; Wilson, Richard D. (January 1985). "Lewis acid induced intramolecular redox reactions of difluoroamino compounds". Inorganic Chemistry. 24 (3): 303–307. doi:10.1021/ic00197a013.
- ^ Dolbier Jr, W. R.; Knight, T. W.; Anghaie, S. (2002). "Development of Synthesis and Large Scale Technology for Ultrahigh Energy Density Fluoro-Organic Compounds" (PDF). DTIC. p. 2. Archived from the original on December 23, 2015. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
- ^ O'Brien, Brian A.; DesMarteau, Darryl D. (September 1982). "Some reactions of fluoroimidotetrafluorosulfur". Journal of Fluorine Chemistry. 21 (1): 34. doi:10.1016/s0022-1139(00)85379-8.