Dipping tobacco: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Dipping_tobacco_in_mouth.jpg|thumb|150px|right|An example of a dipping tobacco user's lower-face.]] |
[[File:Dipping_tobacco_in_mouth.jpg|thumb|150px|right|An example of a dipping tobacco user's lower-face.]] |
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===Cardiovascular effects=== |
===Cardiovascular effects=== |
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Studies |
Studies fuck at school alot as to how significantly smokeless tobacco affects users' [[circulatory system|cardiovascular system]]s, but it has been studied that it may have more nicotine than cigarettes. suck my big dick is not conclusive, the adverse cardiovascular effects of smokeless tobacco use are less than those caused by smoking but are more than those found in non-users."<ref name="pb_15451758">{{cite journal |author=Gupta R, Gurm H, Bartholomew JR |title=Smokeless tobacco and cardiovascular risk |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=164 |issue=17 |pages=1845–9 |year=2004 |month=September |pmid=15451758 |doi=10.1001/archinte.164.17.1845 }}</ref> Other studies also indicate that smokeless tobacco related cardiovascular risks are lower than that of smoked tobacco.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Asplund K |title=Smokeless tobacco and cardiovascular disease |journal=Prog Cardiovasc Dis |volume=45 |issue=5 |pages=383–94 |year=2003 |pmid=12704595 |doi=10.1053/pcad.2003.00102 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Bolinder G |title=[Overview of knowledge of health effects of smokeless tobacco. Increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and mortality because of snuff] |language=Swedish |journal=Lakartidningen |volume=94 |issue=42 |pages=3725–31 |year=1997 |month=October |pmid=9411127 }}</ref> One study states that smokeless tobacco use has a "modest effect on cardiovascular risk factors in young physically fit men."<ref>{{cite journal |author=Siegel D, Benowitz N, Ernster VL, Grady DG, Hauck WW |title=Smokeless tobacco, cardiovascular risk factors, and nicotine and cotinine levels in professional baseball players |journal=Am J Public Health |volume=82 |issue=3 |pages=417–21 |year=1992 |month=March |pmid=1536359 |pmc=1694380 |url=http://www.ajph.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=1536359 |doi=10.2105/AJPH.82.3.417}}</ref> |
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However, it is important to note that one [[India]]n study from the state of Rajasthan states, "There is a significantly greater prevalence of multiple cardiovascular risk factors [sic] obesity, resting tachycardia, hypertension, high total and LDL cholesterol, and low HDL cholesterol, and electrocardiographic changes in tobacco users, chewing or smoking, as compared-to tobacco non-users. Chewing tobacco is associated with similar cardiovascular risk as smoking."<ref name="pb_cardio">{{cite journal |author=Gupta BK, Kaushik A, Panwar RB, ''et al.'' |title=Cardiovascular risk factors in tobacco-chewers: a controlled study |journal=J Assoc Physicians India |volume=55 |issue= |pages=27–31 |year=2007 |month=January |pmid=17444341 }}</ref> This finding may bear on the possibility that smokeless tobacco in India is produced differently than in [[Western world|Western]] countries.{{Or|date=September 2007}} |
However, it is important to note that one [[India]]n study from the state of Rajasthan states, "There is a significantly greater prevalence of multiple cardiovascular risk factors [sic] obesity, resting tachycardia, hypertension, high total and LDL cholesterol, and low HDL cholesterol, and electrocardiographic changes in tobacco users, chewing or smoking, as compared-to tobacco non-users. Chewing tobacco is associated with similar cardiovascular risk as smoking."<ref name="pb_cardio">{{cite journal |author=Gupta BK, Kaushik A, Panwar RB, ''et al.'' |title=Cardiovascular risk factors in tobacco-chewers: a controlled study |journal=J Assoc Physicians India |volume=55 |issue= |pages=27–31 |year=2007 |month=January |pmid=17444341 }}</ref> This finding may bear on the possibility that smokeless tobacco in India is produced differently than in [[Western world|Western]] countries.{{Or|date=September 2007}} |
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Revision as of 17:25, 2 June 2010
Dipping tobacco, also known as moist snuff, spit tobacco, or a lip, is a form of smokeless tobacco. It is commonly referred to as dip or "tobaccy." The act of using it is called dipping. Dip is colloquially called "chew"; because of this, it is commonly confused with chewing tobacco. It is a version of the Swedish "snus" that was brought to America by Swedish immigrants in the 19th century.
Instead of literally chewing on tobacco, a small clump of dip is 'pinched' out of the tin and placed between the lower lip and the gums. The dip rests on the inside lining of the mouth usually for a period depending on the user's preference, usually 45 minutes to an hour. Nicotine is absorbed by the inferior or superior labial arteries.
Dip tobacco, unlike the Swedish variant snus, often causes the user to produce excess saliva while dipping. This is typically spat onto the ground or in a container, because swallowing can cause irritation to the esophagus, and induce nausea and vomiting. However, long-time users can swallow the tobacco-saliva with no ill effects. This is also called "gutting" it. Smokeless tobacco is sometimes used in the workplace by employees; especially if the employer does not provide many cigarette breaks, or, if the employee is constantly using both hands during work (which doesn't provide opportunities for cigarette smoking).
Cut sizes
The difference between cut sizes are the length of the strands of tobacco.
- Long cuts are easiest to pack and keep comfortably in the mouth.
- Mid cuts are comparable to small granules at about 1 mm cubed.
- Fine cuts are slightly larger than sand or coffee grounds.
- Moist snuffs are the granular size of fine dirt or sand. Extremely small cut.
- Pouches hold fine cut tobacco in a small, teabag-like pouch. They are less messy because the tobacco won't fall out of one's fingers and mouth. Spitless pouches are snus.
Health issues
Cardiovascular effects
Studies fuck at school alot as to how significantly smokeless tobacco affects users' cardiovascular systems, but it has been studied that it may have more nicotine than cigarettes. suck my big dick is not conclusive, the adverse cardiovascular effects of smokeless tobacco use are less than those caused by smoking but are more than those found in non-users."[1] Other studies also indicate that smokeless tobacco related cardiovascular risks are lower than that of smoked tobacco.[2][3] One study states that smokeless tobacco use has a "modest effect on cardiovascular risk factors in young physically fit men."[4] However, it is important to note that one Indian study from the state of Rajasthan states, "There is a significantly greater prevalence of multiple cardiovascular risk factors [sic] obesity, resting tachycardia, hypertension, high total and LDL cholesterol, and low HDL cholesterol, and electrocardiographic changes in tobacco users, chewing or smoking, as compared-to tobacco non-users. Chewing tobacco is associated with similar cardiovascular risk as smoking."[5] This finding may bear on the possibility that smokeless tobacco in India is produced differently than in Western countries.[original research?]
Due to contrasting results in studies, many conclude that further research should be done on the cardiovascular risks of smokeless tobacco.[6][7]
Addiction potential
Smokeless tobacco contains nicotine, which is the primary reinforcing agent.
According to European Union policy, Scandinavian or some American smokeless tobaccos are at least 90% less hazardous than cigarette smoking.[8] However, the habit is still addictive.
Taxation and restriction of smoking is causing more smokeless tobacco use as "substitution." There are active public health debates regarding risk-reduction for smokers and the reconsideration of smokeless tobacco risks. "...There is a substantial body of informed and independent opinion that sees the value of harm reduction strategies based on smokeless tobacco."[9]
Additives
There are few reports confirming exactly what additives are in smokeless tobacco, and it is very likely that brands vary in what and how much of each additive they use. There is a widespread urban myth that glass or fiberglass is mixed into each tin to cause abrasion to the lip, resulting in higher and faster nicotine absorption, but at least in the case of snus, the appearance of glass-like particles may be due to the formation of salt crystals.[10]
The addition of glass to dipping tobacco would not be beneficial for increasing nicotine delivery, as bleeding and inflammation would be likely to reduce the uptake of nicotine.[11] The amount of nicotine absorbed can be controlled by different cutting of the tobacco, increasing the nicotine concentration and raising the pH of the tobacco by adding various salts.[12] An alkaline pH causes more nicotine to be absorbed, especially the free, unprotonated form, but is irritating to the mucosa. Nicotine itself can also irritate the mucosa.
List of brands
Common brands
- Copenhagen
- Husky
- Grizzly
- Kodiak
- Red Man
- Red Seal
- Rooster
- Skoal
- Timber Wolf
- Kayak
- Longhorn
- Hawkens
Less common brands
- Warrior chew
- Renegades
- Redwood
- Silver Creek
- Camel dip
- Cooper
- Cougar
- Gold River
- Tomahawk
- Stokers
- Silverado
- Happy Days (Discontinued)
- Dukes
- Revved Up Energy Dip
- Marlboro Snuff
- Bobcat
- Neftóbak (Icelandic "ruddi")
- Caprede (Found in Indiana)
Legality
Based on what at the time was believed to be a strong association with cancer and a fairly low usage outside of North America and the Nordic countries, several countries have banned the sale (and in some cases the import) of dipping tobacco. Sale of dipping tobacco was banned in Australia and New Zealand in 1986 [13] and in most of the EU nations in 1992 [14]. Sweden was exempt from this ban because of the traditionally high usage of snus in that country.
In the USA it is illegal to sell dip to persons under the age of 18 (except in Alabama, Alaska, New Jersey, Utah, and some parts of New York where the legal age to purchase tobacco is 19).
See also
References
- ^ Gupta R, Gurm H, Bartholomew JR (2004). "Smokeless tobacco and cardiovascular risk". Arch. Intern. Med. 164 (17): 1845–9. doi:10.1001/archinte.164.17.1845. PMID 15451758.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Asplund K (2003). "Smokeless tobacco and cardiovascular disease". Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 45 (5): 383–94. doi:10.1053/pcad.2003.00102. PMID 12704595.
- ^ Bolinder G (1997). "[Overview of knowledge of health effects of smokeless tobacco. Increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and mortality because of snuff]". Lakartidningen (in Swedish). 94 (42): 3725–31. PMID 9411127.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ Siegel D, Benowitz N, Ernster VL, Grady DG, Hauck WW (1992). "Smokeless tobacco, cardiovascular risk factors, and nicotine and cotinine levels in professional baseball players". Am J Public Health. 82 (3): 417–21. doi:10.2105/AJPH.82.3.417. PMC 1694380. PMID 1536359.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Gupta BK, Kaushik A, Panwar RB; et al. (2007). "Cardiovascular risk factors in tobacco-chewers: a controlled study". J Assoc Physicians India. 55: 27–31. PMID 17444341.
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Winn DM (1997). "Epidemiology of cancer and other systemic effects associated with the use of smokeless tobacco". Adv. Dent. Res. 11 (3): 313–21. doi:10.1177/08959374970110030201. PMID 9524431.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ Critchley JA, Unal B (2004). "Is smokeless tobacco a risk factor for coronary heart disease? A systematic review of epidemiological studies". Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 11 (2): 101–12. doi:10.1097/01.hjr.0000114971.39211.d7. PMID 15187813.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ Bates C, Fagerström K, Jarvis MJ, Kunze M, McNeill A, Ramström L (2003). "European Union policy on smokeless tobacco: a statement in favour of evidence based regulation for public health". Tob Control. 12 (4): 360–7. doi:10.1136/tc.12.4.360. PMC 1747769. PMID 14660767.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ UK's Action on Smoking & Health (ASH..) Accessed on July 31, 2007.
- ^ Frequently Asked Questions. Gothiatek. Accessed on November 25, 2007.
- ^ Smokeless tobacco and your health. Tobaccoharmreduction.org. Accessed on November 25, 2007.
- ^ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1999). "Determination of nicotine, pH, and moisture content of six US commercial moist snuff products--Florida, January-February 1999". JAMA. 281 (24): 2279–80. doi:10.1001/jama.281.24.2279. PMID 10386544.
- ^ Sachdev P, Chapman S (2005). "Availability of smokeless tobacco products in South Asian grocery shops in Sydney, 2004". Med. J. Aust. 183 (6): 334. PMID 16167879.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ British American Tobacco - EU Social Reporting - Issues
External links
- Smokeout: Not as easy as ABC - Commentary - The Washington Times, America's Newspaper
- Effect of smokeless tobacco (snus) on smoking and public health in Sweden
- Tobacco harm reduction: an alternative cessation strategy for inveterate smokers. By Brad Rodu and William T. Godshall, published in December 2006 in Harm Reduction Journal.
- SnusOn Community - The world's largest forum community centered around Swedish snus and smokeless tobacco. Contains reviews,tutorials, information and discussions.
- SnusAuthority - A blog dedicated to Snus and other forms of smokeless tobacco. Contains tutorials, reviews, and more.