Draft:Battle of Biar Bet (1965)
| Submission declined on 5 November 2024 by Tavantius (talk). The content of this submission includes material that does not meet Wikipedia's minimum standard for inline citations. Please cite your sources using footnotes. For instructions on how to do this, please see Referencing for beginners. Thank you.
Where to get help
How to improve a draft
You can also browse Wikipedia:Featured articles and Wikipedia:Good articles to find examples of Wikipedia's best writing on topics similar to your proposed article. Improving your odds of a speedy review To improve your odds of a faster review, tag your draft with relevant WikiProject tags using the button below. This will let reviewers know a new draft has been submitted in their area of interest. For instance, if you wrote about a female astronomer, you would want to add the Biography, Astronomy, and Women scientists tags. Editor resources
|  |
| Battle of Biar Bet (1965) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the prelude to the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965 | |||||||||
 | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
 Gen. Musa Khan Hazara Maj. Gen. Tikka Khan Brig. Iftikhar Khan Janjua Brig. Mohammad Azhar Brig. Sardar Ismail Brig. S. M. Aslam |
 Maj. Gen. P. C Gupta Gen. J. N. Chaudhuri Brig. S. S. M. Pahalajani Lt. Gen. K. Sundarji Maj. Karnail Singh (POW) | ||||||||
| Units involved | |||||||||
|
6 Brigade 52 Brigade 24 Cavalry 88 Mortar |
3 Para 2 Para Sardar Post garrison Biar Bet garrison | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
|
~150 killed and wounded 3 tanks disabled |
~120 killed and wounded 2 POW (including Major Karnail Singh) | ||||||||
The Battle of Biar Bet was a pivotal battle in the prelude to the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965, during Pakistan's Rann of Kutch Campaign. During the battle, Pakistan captured the post along with Chhad Bet and held them until the end of the year, until when it was handed back to the Indians while the Pakistanis gained some land.
Background
[edit]Pakistan had started building up its fortifications by the third week of January 1965, due to heightened tensions between the two countries. This build-up was noticed on the 10th of February by Indian patrols, which led to the meeting of Indian and Pakistani border guard leaders to discuss the issues of the Kanjarkot area.[1] The Indians later increased night patrols of the area and in response to this, the Pakistanis set up a standing patrol.[2] This decision alarmed the Indians, who began preparations to remove the Pakistani presence in the area,[3] this build-up of troops was codenamed "Operation Kabaddi"[1][2][4]
In March 1965, the Indian Army prevented the Frontier Corps from carrying out their usual guard duties near Kanjarkot, leading to the beginning of a stand-off.[5] The Indians subsequently deployed a large amount of troops to the area, leading to the Frontier Corps to call for assistance. Maj. Gen. Tikka Khan sent orders to Brig. Mohammad Azhar which were as follows
"You will maintain complete control of territory under our de-facto control in area Kanjarkot and not repeat not allow violation of our territory... Avoid provocation but ensure maintenance of status quo"[2] Tikka Khan's order to Brig. Azhar
Alongside Azhar there was 6th Brigade under Iftikhar Khan Janjua, 52nd Brigade under Brig. Sardar Ismail and an Artillery Division under S. M. Aslam. Tikka later sent a message to the GHQ in Rawalpindi seeking approval for an attack, but only if a "peaceful solution was not reached"
Prelude
[edit]By early April, talks between local commanders had failed,[6] and Pakistan begun to make preparations for an attack at Sardar Post on the night of 8/9th of April.[7][8]A full night of fighting erupted, with Pakistan forcing the Indians to retreat, while a communications problem led to the Pakistanis also withdrawing.[2][1] This led to an ensuing stalemate which lasted until late April.
Capture of Sera Bet/Point 84
[edit]On 23 April 1965, Brigadier Iftikhar Khan Janjua gave the orders to 6 Punjab to capture Point 84 (aka Sera Bet) on 24 April, mainly due to the aerial reconnaissance support available to support the operation. On 24 April, the area was kept under observation by pilots in an L-19 helicopter and gave vital information regarding the locations of the enemy.[9] 3rd Squadron's War Diary records the fact, “The helicopter took part in the attack and capture of Point 84. One Indian Canberra bomber dived and made a feint attack on our helicopter”[9].
The attack of the 6th Punjab Division was planned as follows:
- The attack was to be launched with the regiment splitting up into 4 companies, Company A & Company B would lead from the front and Companies C & D would trail at a distance of 275 metres[1]
- A Company was to capture the left half of the objective, and B was to capture the right half.
- The attack was supposed to be silent, with Artillery Support on the commander's call.
The shelling of the Point was intense, and after a few hours, an order was given to the Indians to retreat from the area[10]. The Pakistanis were in control of the Bet at 7:30 AM on the 24th of April 1965.[4][11]
Battle
[edit]On the same day of the capture of Point 84, Commander-in-Chief Muhammad Musa approved plans for a Pakistani advance, nicknamed "Operation Arrow Head", with orders for the 6th Brigade under Janjua to move forward and clear Indian positions in and around Sera Bet.[7]
The next day, the 25th of April, was when Pakistan shifted its focus to the Biar Bet and Chhad Bet posts, which were attacked in the afternoon that day. Low-intensity fighting carried on throughout the day, but due to the huge amount of forces attacking the post, it was almost impossible to repel the attacks. In the night, the Indians were able to bring some reinforcements[1][4]
The Pakistani infantry in APCs advanced at 7:30 AM on the 26th of April with 13 tanks supporting them, they were faced by a company of 3 Para (India) who were holding the post. Indian guns unleashed their ammo unto the advancing Pakistanis, knocking out three M48 Patton tanks.[1] However, the other Pakistani tanks, whose numbers had swelled to about 2 squadrons, continued a relentless advance on the post. Pakistani shelling prevented a 2 Para detachment nearby from coming to the aid of their comrades. Seeing this, the Indians began to gradually withdraw from Biar Bet.[1][4][12]
Pakistani reinforcements began joining up and preparing to join the attack around 1.9km away, when the remaining Indians released all of what they had against their enemy, this backfired and helped the Pakistanis, for if they had held their fire for a bit longer, it could have been a different story[1]. As Pakistani tanks inched closer, the entire Indian force withdrew to avoid being destroyed, and the post was surrendered to the Pakistanis by 8:00 AM on April 26th, resulting in Pakistan capturing substantial amounts of ammunition and guns.[1][2][3][4][5][9][6][13][14][15]
Aftermath
[edit]After the capture of the post, foreign journalists were allowed to visit the area to be shown left over Indian supplies and were later reported to have found American ammunition inside the post, from where the Indian garrison was stationed, causing uproar.[13][4]
The British Prime Minister, Harold Wilson gave a ceasefire proposal to both countries which was accepted by both Lal Bahadur Shastri and Ayub Khan, due to India being unlikely to win back Sardar Post, Sera Bet and Biar Bet, and Pakistani claims of severe Indian casualties were most likely true, even to the Indian public.[16] Resultantly, Pakistan was awarded 10% of the disputed territory (802 sq/km) including Chhad Bet and Kanjarkot.[17][18][2]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i "The 1965 War, Bharat Rakshak, Official Archives, 1965 Chapter 2, p. 5" (PDF).
- ^ a b c d e f Shuja Nawaz (2008). Crossed Swords Shuja Nawaz. p. 204.
- ^ a b Bhargava, G. S. After Nehru - India’s New Image. p. 265.
- ^ a b c d e f Farooq Bajwa (2016-01-01). from kutch to tashkent: the indo-pakistan war of 1965. Internet Archive. Pentagon Press. p. 78. ISBN 978-969-640-004-2.
- ^ a b "The 1965 War, Battle of the Rann of Kutch".
- ^ a b The Kutch-Sind border question : a collection of documents with comments. Internet Archive. New Delhi : Indian Society of International Law. 1965. p. 168.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ a b Farooq Bajwa (2016-01-01). from kutch to tashkent: the indo-pakistan war of 1965. Internet Archive. Pentagon Press. p. 79. ISBN 978-969-640-004-2.
- ^ The Kutch-Sind border question : a collection of documents with comments. Internet Archive. New Delhi : Indian Society of International Law. 1965. p. 160.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ a b c Aamir Cheema. Aryan Wars. p. 125.
- ^ Farooq Bajwa (2016-01-01). from kutch to tashkent: the indo-pakistan war of 1965. Internet Archive. Pentagon Press. ISBN 978-969-640-004-2.
- ^ M. Ahmed, 7
- ^ The Political Triangle, K. Raman Pillai, p. 89
- ^ a b Harold Weisberg. AESOP 12-62 To 06-65. Michael Best. The Weisberg Archive, Beneficial-Hodson Library, Hood College.
- ^ "PAKISTANIS HOLD POST OF BIAR BET; Assert Indians Fled 'Island' in Rann of Cutch Wastes". New York Times. 29 April 1965. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ "Indian Gallantry Awards, p. 3" (PDF).
- ^ Gulzar Ahmed, Pakistan Meets Indian Challenge, Al-Mukhtar Publishers, 1967, p. 70
- ^ Mahmood, Safdar (1968). Pakistan Affairs. Internet Archive. Lahore, Publishers United. p. 93.
- ^ CIA Reading Room (1965-04-30). CIA Reading Room cia-rdp79t00975a008200530001-2: CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN.