Draft:Cyclome
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Cyclome is a term used in systems biology to describe the comprehensive study of the menstrual cycle. The concept of cyclome encapsulates the temporal and dynamic variations that occur both within individual menstrual cycles and between different individuals who menstruate. It extends across various biological modalities, including the phenome, genome, transcriptome, metabolome, and proteome, illustrating their interactions and changes throughout the menstrual cycle.
The cyclome provides a framework for understanding these variations in a holistic manner, offering an alternative to normative descriptions[1][2][3] of the menstrual cycle.[4] By focusing on individual differences and the complex interplay between different omics, the cyclome approach allows for a more personalized and accurate representation of menstrual health. The term was coined as part of the project description for the research project: The Omics Atlas of the Menstrual cycle
Examples
[edit]Multiomic
[edit]To illustrate, consider how steriod hormones levels fluctuate within a menstrual cycle.[5] Traditional models might present a standard curve for hormone levels over a 28-day cycle.[6] However, the cyclome approach recognizes that hormone levels can vary significantly from cycle to cycle and from person to person. This approach integrates data from various omics, such as:
- Genomics: Variations in DNA sequences that may influence cycle characteristics.
- Epigenome: Changes in modfication of the nucleotides like CpG methylation that may influence hene expresion.
- Transcriptomics: Changes in gene expression levels throughout the cycle.
- Proteomics: Fluctuations in protein levels and activity.
- Metabolomics: Shifts in metabolic pathways and metabolite concentrations.
- Phenomics: Observable physical and physiological changes.
By capturing these multidimensional data points, the cyclome provides a more comprehensive understanding of menstrual biology, emphasizing the natural diversity and individual variation of menstrual cycles.
Cyclome thus represents a significant advancement in menstrual cycle research, promoting a nuanced and inclusive view of menstrual health.[7][8]
Cyclome and Migraine
[edit]The cyclome concept provides a valuable framework for examining the complex interplay between menstrual cycles and various biological modalities. One particularly relevant application of the cyclome is in understanding menstrual migraine.[9] It is evident that migraines affect disproportionately more women than men,[10] and for some women, there is an association between the menstrual cycle, pregnancy,[11][12] or pre- and menopause.[13] Studies indicate that up to 60% of women with migraines report a link between their migraines and their menstrual cycle.[14]
In 1972, B. W. Somerville proposed the hypothesis that estradiol withdrawal plays a crucial role in the etiology of menstrual migraine.[15] TThis hypothesis, suggesting that the sudden drop in estradiol levels triggers migraines in susceptible individuals, has been a topic of ongoing research and debate. Despite its age, the hypothesis has neither been conclusively proven nor disproven, reflecting the complexity of hormonal influences on migraine.[16]
The cyclome approach encourages a comprehensive analysis of how various biological factors interact across the menstrual cycle, providing a nuanced understanding of conditions like menstrual migraine. By considering the dynamic and temporal variations of hormones and other biological markers, researchers can better elucidate the underlying mechanisms of menstrual-related health issues. There are several research projects that has adapted a holistic approach to womens health, and with recent initated study the term cyclome was coined, with aboved describtion, with the mission to map the "menstrual cyclome omics' atlas" and exomine the impact on migraine, see cyclome.dk.
References
[edit]- ^ Dickinson, Robert Latou; Belskie, Abram. "Dickinson-Belskie "Norma" model, 1939-1950". collections.countway.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
- ^ Lundberg-Love, Paula K.; Nadal, Kevin L.; Paludi, Michele A. (2011-11-08). Women and Mental Disorders: [4 volumes]. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 978-0-313-39320-4.
- ^ Ussher, Jane M. (2006-01-18). Managing the Monstrous Feminine: Regulating the Reproductive Body (0 ed.). Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203328422. ISBN 978-0-203-32842-2.
- ^ Wang, Yi-Xin; Arvizu, Mariel; Rich-Edwards, Janet W.; Stuart, Jennifer J.; Manson, JoAnn E.; Missmer, Stacey A.; Pan, An; Chavarro, Jorge E. (2020-09-30). "Menstrual cycle regularity and length across the reproductive lifespan and risk of premature mortality: prospective cohort study". BMJ. 371: m3464. doi:10.1136/bmj.m3464. ISSN 1756-1833. PMC 7526082. PMID 32998909.
- ^ Acconcia, Filippo; Marino, Maria (2018), Belfiore, Antonino; LeRoith, Derek (eds.), "Steroid Hormones: Synthesis, Secretion, and Transport", Principles of Endocrinology and Hormone Action, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 43–72, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44675-2_4, ISBN 978-3-319-44675-2, retrieved 2024-07-02
- ^ Pauerstein, C.J.; Eddy, C.A.; Croxatto, H.D.; Hess, R.; Siler-Khodr, T.M.; Croxatto, H.B. (1978). "Temporal relationships of estrogen, progesterone, and luteinizing hormone levels to ovulation in women and infrahuman primates". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 130 (8): 876–886. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(78)90264-8. ISSN 0002-9378. PMID 416719.
- ^ Klusmann, Hannah; Eisenlohr-Moul, Tory; Baresich, Kayla; Schmalenberger, Katja M.; Girdler, Susan; Andersen, Elizabeth (2023). "Analyzing the atypical – Methods for studying the menstrual cycle in adolescents". Psychoneuroendocrinology. 158: 106389. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106389. PMC 10843271. PMID 37769538.
- ^ Schmalenberger, Katja M.; Tauseef, Hafsah A.; Barone, Jordan C.; Owens, Sarah A.; Lieberman, Lynne; Jarczok, Marc N.; Girdler, Susan S.; Kiesner, Jeff; Ditzen, Beate; Eisenlohr-Moul, Tory A. (2021). "How to study the menstrual cycle: Practical tools and recommendations". Psychoneuroendocrinology. 123: 104895. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104895. PMC 8363181. PMID 33113391.
- ^ Chalmer, Mona Ameri; Kogelman, Lisette J. A.; Ullum, Henrik; Sørensen, Erik; Didriksen, Maria; Mikkelsen, Susan; Dinh, Khoa Manh; Brodersen, Thorsten; Nielsen, Kaspar R.; Bruun, Mie Topholm; Banasik, Karina; Brunak, Søren; Erikstrup, Christian; Pedersen, Ole Birger; Ostrowski, Sisse Rye (2023-05-15). "Population-Based Characterization of Menstrual Migraine and Proposed Diagnostic Criteria". JAMA Network Open. 6 (5): e2313235. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13235. ISSN 2574-3805. PMID 37184838.
- ^ Chalmer, Mona Ameri; Kogelman, Lisette J. A.; Callesen, Ida; Christensen, Charlotte Grønvold; Techlo, Tanya Ramdal; Møller, Peter L.; Davidsson, Olafur B.; Olofsson, Isa A.; Schwinn, Michael; Mikkelsen, Susan; Dinh, Khoa Manh; Nielsen, Kaspar; Topholm, Mie; Erikstrup, Christian; Ostrowski, Sisse Rye (June 2023). "Sex differences in clinical characteristics of migraine and its burden: a population-based study". European Journal of Neurology. 30 (6): 1774–1784. doi:10.1111/ene.15778. ISSN 1351-5101. PMID 36905094.
- ^ Verhagen, Iris E; van der Arend, Britt WH; van Casteren, Daphne S; Thiermann, Niels JS; Tange, Evelien; MaassenVanDenBrink, Antoinette; Terwindt, Gisela M (2023). "Migraine with and without aura in relation to the menstrual cycle and other hormonal milestones: A prospective cohort study". Cephalalgia. 43 (6): 033310242311643. doi:10.1177/03331024231164322. ISSN 0333-1024. PMID 37259230.
- ^ Goadsby, Peter J.; Goldberg, Jay; Silberstein, Stephen D. (2008-06-26). "Migraine in pregnancy". BMJ. 336 (7659): 1502–1504. doi:10.1136/bmj.39559.675891.AD. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 2440903. PMID 18583683.
- ^ Ripa, Patrizia; Ornello, Raffaele; Degan, Diana; Tiseo, Cindy; Stewart, Janet; Pistoia, Francesca; Carolei, Antonio; Sacco, Simona (2015-08-20). "Migraine in menopausal women: a systematic review". International Journal of Women's Health. 7: 773–782. doi:10.2147/IJWH.S70073. PMC 4548761. PMID 26316824.
- ^ Pavlović, Jelena M.; Stewart, Walter F.; Bruce, Christa A.; Gorman, Jennifer A.; Sun, Haiyan; Buse, Dawn C.; Lipton, Richard B. (2015-03-18). "Burden of migraine related to menses: results from the AMPP study". The Journal of Headache and Pain. 16 (1): 24. doi:10.1186/s10194-015-0503-y. ISSN 1129-2377. PMC 4406925. PMID 25902814.
- ^ Somerville, Brian W. (1972). "The role of estradiol withdrawal in the etiology of menstrual migraine". Neurology. 22 (4): 355–365. doi:10.1212/WNL.22.4.355. ISSN 0028-3878. PMID 5062827.
- ^ Raffaelli, Bianca; Do, Thien Phu; Chaudhry, Basit Ali; Ashina, Messoud; Amin, Faisal Mohammad; Ashina, Håkan (2023-09-21). "Menstrual migraine is caused by estrogen withdrawal: revisiting the evidence". The Journal of Headache and Pain. 24 (1): 131. doi:10.1186/s10194-023-01664-4. ISSN 1129-2377. PMC 10512516. PMID 37730536.