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Draft:Idou Ali

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Idou-Ali tribe (Alawites) is an arabian tribe mainly present in Mauritania and Morocco and has other presence in Mali, Algeria, Senegal and Saudi Arabia. They claim descent from the Prophet Muhammad through his grandson Hassan Ibn Ali. It is a large tribe, mainly inhabiting Mauritania, although there are communities of varying numbers in Mali, Senegal, Morocco and Algeria. It also has a significant presence in West African countries as well. This tribe is mainly settled in Chinguetti, Tidjikja, and Trarza (Al-Aql) in the R'kiz Province. In addition, there is rarely a region in Mauritania that is devoid of an influential presence. This tribe claim that it belongs to Ali bin Abi Talib, as indicated by its name. It also claim descent from the descendants of the Holy Prophet, from his daughter Fatima bint Muhammad, according to their claimed lineage.[1][2][3][4]

Idou-Ali
Oulad Ali, Alaouyinn, L'Ashraf
Arab Zawiya Tribe
Idou Ali Flag.png
EthnicityArabian
NisbaYahya al-Akbar bin Ali bin Abdullah al-Ahmar bin Ali (Abu al-Hasan) bin Yahya (Abu Zakaria) bin Muhammad bin Ibrahim bin Issa (Abu al-Aish) bin Idris bin Muhammad bin Suleiman bin Abdullah al-Kamil bin al-Hasan al-Muthanna bin al-Hasan al-Sabt bin Ali bin Abi Talib.
LocationMauritania, Morocco
Parent tribeBani Hashim, Idrisid
BranchesIdou-Ali el Bidh, Idou-Ali el Kehl
LanguageArabic
ReligionMalikite Sunni Islam

Etymology

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Tribe Tree by the Comitee of Verification of the Alawite lineage.
Idou-Ali flag

The word has two parts which derives each: "Idou" or "Idaw" means "Sons of", derived from Znaga language and Ali which is derived from arabic.[5][6]

Lineage

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This begins with Yahya, the great grandfather of most of its members. He is Yahya, nicknamed "the Great", bin Ali bin Abdullah al-Ahmar bin Ali (Abu al-Hasan) bin Yahya (Abu Zakaria) bin Muhammad bin Ibrahim Issa bin Idris the Greatest bin Suleiman bin Abdullah Al-Kamil bin Al-Hassan Al-Mutani bin Al-Hassan, son of Ali bin Abi Talib.[7][2][8]

Influence and Presence

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Considered one of the tribes of the Zawiyas, "people of knowledge", according to the class division that prevailed during the era of the Emirates of Banu Hassan, although it was considered a strong one. This tribe had the credit for building Abeer, which is ancient Chinguetti, in the second century of the Hijri century, and after that the current city of Chinguetti, and that was when Yahya Al-Alawi abandoned the city of Abeer because he killed a person, and he and Muhammad Ghali joined him, and Omar built the current city (Chinguetti), according to local traditions.[9] Chinguetti is the name by which Mauritania was known during a not-so-short period of its history. Many scholars, poets, authors, judges, and politicians emerged from this tribe.[10][4][8][3][11]

Famous People

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Some of the famous people of this tribe:[10][6][12][13]

- Yahya Al-Alawi "The Great", who is the grandfather of most of the tribe and built the modern city of Chinguetti, along with Muhammad Ghali and Omar.

- Abdullah bin Habib bin Abij (known as the judge), the grandfather of Ibn Razikah, imam, scholar and judge.

- El Hajj Muhammad Ahmad bin Al-Mukhtar bin Yaqoub Andumuki Al-Alawi, scholar.

- Venerable scholar Muhammad Bouksa bin Al-Hajj Muhammad Ahmad Al-Alawi.

- Imam, judge, and scholar, Muhammad ibn al-Mukhtar ibn al-A'mash, whom Muhammad al-Mukhtar ibn al-Saad counted in his book, (The Book of the Harb of Sharbab), counted him as one of four whose level of knowledge in the land of Chinguetti was not reached by anyone.

- Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Talib bin Habib bin Abija, known as (Ibn Razekah), who is the first historically known poet of Mauritania.

- Scholar, Horma bin Abdul Jalil, who had a famous mahdara in western Mauritania, from which a large number of scholars graduated, perhaps the most prominent of whom is Sheikh Sidiya Al-Kabir.

- Scholar, Sayyid Sidi-Abdullah bin Al-Hajj Ibrahim, who is considered one of the greatest scholars of Mauritania.

- Scholar Bab bin Ahmed Bab.

- Sheikh Muhammad Al-Hafiz bin Habib, who introduced the Tijaniya order to Mauritania.

- Mohammadi (Badi) bin Sidina, the father of the two influential poets Mohamedou Ould Mohammadi and Al-Hadi Ould Badi, was the sheikh of a Sufi order, a scholar and a poet.

- Scholar and poet, Sayed Mohamed Ould Abuja.

- Ahmed bin Al-Amin Al-Shanqiti, scholar and author of the book Al-Wasit fi Tarajim Udabaa' Shinqitt.[9]

- Jeddou Ould Ahmed, Chief of Tidjikja and influential scholar.

- Jurist Al Fattan bin Al-Hajj.

- Poet and judge Muhammad Abd al-Rahman Ould al-Salik, nicknamed al-Nah.

- Poet Mohamed Al-Hassan Ould Mohamed Ould Abdel Jalil.

- Mohamed El Hacene Ould Babe Ould Jeddou, jurist and Cadi of Tidjikja.

- Ahmedou Ben Horma Ould Bebaneh, the first Mauritanian MP during the era of the French colonizers.

- Sidi Mohamed Ould Sidi Abdoullah Ould El Hadj Brahim, scholar

- Hadrami Ould Khattry, politician, former Minister. One of the opposition leaders who asserted himself during the democratization process initiated by the military regime in 1991.

- Sidi Ould Zein, poet, writer, Cadi of Tagant, and notable.

- Mohamed Lemin Ould Mohamed Ahid, resistance fighter during the French occupation

- Mohamed Limam Ould Zein, poet, resistance fighter during the French occupation and close to Cheikh Melainine.

- Di Ould Zein, general advisor of Mauritania and representative to the Assembly of the French Union during the French occupation, in the coalition hostile to the occupation, led by Horma Ould Babana.

- Ahmedou Ould Memoun, poet.

- Kaber Ould Hachim, poet.

- Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Ahmed Louly, former president of the republic.

- Hasni Ould Didi, governement official.

- Abdallahi Ould Khalifa, historian, writer and professor.

- Ahmed Ould Zein, Governor of Central Bank of Mauritania.

- Mohamed Ould Maouloud, politician and presidential candidate.

Read Also

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  1. Dictionary of African biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2012. p. 127. ISBN 9780195382075. OCLC 706025122.
  2. "The Transmission of Islamic Knowledge in Moorish Society from the Rise of the Almoravids to the 19th Century", Journal of Religion in Africa, Vol. 29, Fasc. 1 (Feb., 1999), pp. 62–87
  3. جمهرة النسب. أبو المنذر هشام بن محمد بن السائب الكلبي. بيروت، لبنان: عالم الكتب, ٢٠٠٤
  4. جمهرة أنساب العرب. أبو محمد علي بن أحمد بن سعيد بن حزم الأندلسي. بيروت، لبنان: دار الكتب العلمية, ٢٠١٨
  5. قلائد الذهب في معرفة أنساب قبائل العرب. مصطفى حميدي بن أحمد الكردي البالوي الدمشقي. بيروت، لبنان: دار ومكتبة الهلال بئر العبد , ٢٠٠٠
  6. مشجرات أنساب قبائل والعوئل العربية: مع مراصظات تاريخية وجغرافية. فرديناند فوستنفلد. بيروت: دار الورَّك, ١٨٥٢
  7. نسب معد واليمن الكبير. أبو المنذر هشام بن محمد بن السائب الكلبي. بيروت، لبنان: عالم الكتب, ٢٠١٠
  8. نهاية الارب في معرفة انساب العرب. أبو العباس أحمد بن علي بن أحمد بن عبد الله القلقشندي. بيروت، لبنان: دار الكتب العلمية
  9. Les tribus de la Haute Mauritanie. By Comité de l'Afrique française. Paris، 1915.
  10. Études sur l'Islam maure: Cheikh Sidia. Les Fadelia. Les Ida ou Ali. By E. Leroux. Paris, 1916.
  11. Études sur 'Islam au Sénégal. By E. Leroux. Paris, 1917.
  12. Études sur l'Islam et les tribus maures: les Brakna. By E. Leroux. Paris, 1921.
  13. History of Mauritani: Almoravid Dynasty, Waalo, Colonial Mauritania, Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, Jews of Bilad El-Sudan, French West Africa, ISBN 1157602703, 9781157602705
  14. Nomads of Mauritania, By Diane Himpan Sabatier, Brigitte Himpan, ISBN 9781622735822, 162273582X
  15. Islam and Social Order in Mauritania, A Case Study from the Nineteenth Century, By Charles Cameron Stewart, E. K. Stewart · 1973
  16. Empires of Medieval West Africa, Ghana, Mali, and Songhay, By David C. Conrad · 2010

References

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  1. ^ Benamar, Aïcha (2021-09-30). "Diane HIMPAN-SABATIER, Brigitte HIMPAN (2018), Nomades de Mauritanie". Insaniyat / إنسانيات (93): 88–93. doi:10.4000/insaniyat.25495. ISSN 1111-2050.
  2. ^ a b Hall, Bruce S. (2021-03-03), "The Mali and Songhay Empires", The Oxford World History of Empire, Oxford University Press, pp. 648–664, doi:10.1093/oso/9780197532768.003.0023, ISBN 978-0-19-753276-8, retrieved 2024-04-21
  3. ^ a b السعيد, هشام بن محمد بن سليمان (2015). "الشيخ عبد الرحمن بن عبدالله بن محمد بن عبدالوهاب:, سيرته العلمية وإجازته الحديثية". الدارة: 11. doi:10.46968/0326-041-004-001.
  4. ^ a b Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku; Gates, Henry Louis (2012). Dictionary of African biography. Oxford: Oxford university press. ISBN 978-0-19-538207-5.
  5. ^ j
  6. ^ a b "Slavery in the Western Sudan", Slavery and Colonial Rule in French West Africa, Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–18, 1998-07-28, doi:10.1017/cbo9780511584138.003, ISBN 978-0-521-59678-7, retrieved 2024-04-21
  7. ^ Hoenerbach, Wilhelm; Stewart, C. C.; Stewart, E. K. (1974). "Islam and Social Order in Mauritania. A Case Study from the Nineteenth Century". Die Welt des Islams. 15 (1/4): 265. doi:10.2307/1570146. ISSN 0043-2539. JSTOR 1570146.
  8. ^ a b Paris, Pierre (1916). "L'archéologie dans les tranchées : tombeaux d'Éléonte sur l'Hellespont (Planche I)". Revue des Études Anciennes. 18 (1): 65. doi:10.3406/rea.1916.1905. ISSN 0035-2004.
  9. ^ a b "كتاب الوسيط في تراجم أدباء شنقيط - المكتبة الشاملة".
  10. ^ a b Labouret, Henri (April 1940). "Coutumiers juridiques de l'Afrique Occidentale Française. Tome Premier: Sénégal. Pp. 348. Tome Second: Soudan. Pp. 400. Tome Troisième: Mauritanie, Niger, Côte d'Ivoire, Dahomey, Guinée Française. Pp. 610. Publications du Comité d'Études historiques et scientifiques de l'Afrique Occidentale Française. Série A, Nos 8, 9 et 10. 1939. Paris". Africa. 13 (2): 186–187. doi:10.2307/1156964. ISSN 0001-9720. JSTOR 1156964.
  11. ^ CLEAVELAND, TIMOTHY (July 2000). "HISTORY OF A SAHARAN ELITE La région du Tagant en Mauritanie: L'oasis de Tijigja entre 1660 et 1960. By A<scp>BDALLAH</scp> O<scp>ULD</scp> K<scp>HALIFA</scp>. Paris: Éditions Karthala, 1998. Pp. v + 686. FF. 220, paperback (<scp>ISBN</scp> 2-86537-894-2)". The Journal of African History. 41 (2): 295–346. doi:10.1017/s0021853700297739. ISSN 0021-8537.
  12. ^ Adekunle, Adeoye (2023). The History of Mauritania: Mysteries of the Sahara.
  13. ^ CLEAVELAND, TIMOTHY (July 2000). "HISTORY OF A SAHARAN ELITE La région du Tagant en Mauritanie: L'oasis de Tijigja entre 1660 et 1960. By A<scp>BDALLAH</scp> O<scp>ULD</scp> K<scp>HALIFA</scp>. Paris: Éditions Karthala, 1998. Pp. v + 686. FF. 220, paperback (<scp>ISBN</scp> 2-86537-894-2)". The Journal of African History. 41 (2): 295–346. doi:10.1017/s0021853700297739. ISSN 0021-8537.
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