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Michael D. Fox

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For other people named Michael Fox, see Michael Fox (disambiguation).
Michael D. Fox
Born
Ohio, United States
Alma materWashington University School of Medicine, Ohio State University
Known forLesion network mapping, functional neuroimaging
AwardsFoundation for the National Institute of Health Trailblazer Award, Thomson Reuters World's most influential scientific minds
Scientific career
FieldsNeuroimaging neurology
InstitutionsHarvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital
Doctoral advisorMarcus Raichle

Michael D. Fox is an American neurologist and Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School where he holds the Raymond D. Adams Distinguished Chair in Neurology[1] and directs the Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics[2][3] at Brigham and Women's Hospital. His research has focused on resting state brain fMRI which uses spontaneous fluctuations in blood oxygenation to map brain networks[4][5] including the default mode network.[6] He developed the technique lesion network mapping[7][8] to study the connectivity patterns of brain lesions to help understand the neuroanatomy of a diverse range of processes including addiction,[9] criminality,[10] blindsight,[11] free will[12] and religiosity.[13] Fox has been considered among the "World's Most Influential Scientific Minds" by Thomson Reuters since 2014.[14][15][16]

Education and Early Career

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Fox received his Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from Ohio State University in 2001. He then pursued his MD and PhD in Systems Neuroscience from Washington University in St. Louis, completing both degrees in 2008. He completed his residency in Neurology at Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School in 2012, followed by a fellowship in Movement Disorders and Deep Brain Stimulation in 2013.

Professional Positions and Roles

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Fox has held various academic and clinical positions. Since 2023, he has been a full Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School. He founded the Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in 2020, where he also holds the Steven and Judy Kaye Directorship in Psychiatric Brain Stimulation.[17] His previous roles include Associate Editor for Annals of Neurology, Associate Professor of Neurology and leadership in the Deep Brain Stimulation program at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.

Research Contributions

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Fox is known for his pioneering work in brain circuit mapping and neuromodulation. He co-developed resting state functional connectivity MRI, a technique to map human brain circuits by analyzing spontaneous fluctuations in blood oxygenation levels. His research has explored how brain lesions correlate with specific brain circuits, providing insights into various neurological and psychiatric conditions such as Parkinson’s disease,[18] depression,[19] addiction,[20] and epilepsy.[21] He and his team developed methods such as lesion network mapping, DBS network mapping and TMS network mapping. He has also applied these findings to therapeutic interventions, including deep brain stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Selected Honors and Awards

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  • Clarivate Highly Cited Researcher (2023, 2022, 2021):[15][16] Recognized among the top 0.1% of researchers worldwide.
  • Trailblazer Prize (2018):[22] Awarded by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health for translational research.
  • Inaugural International Brain Stimulation Early Career Award (2021):[23] Awarded by Elsevier for contributions to brain stimulation research.
  • Raymond D. Adams Distinguished Chair in Neurology (2020):[24] Brigham and Women’s Hospital.

Selected Publications

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Some of Fox’s most cited works include foundational studies on brain connectivity using rs-fcMRI, such as his 2005 PNAS paper on intrinsic brain networks[25] or his review on lesion network mapping.[26] His publications span top-tier journals like The New England Journal of Medicine, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, and Annals of Neurology.

  • Fox MD. Mapping Symptoms to Brain Networks with the Human Connectome. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(23):2237-2245. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1706158
  • Fox MDM, Snyder AZA, Vincent JLJ, Corbetta MM, Van Essen DCD, Raichle MEM. The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005;102(27):9673-9678. doi:10.1073/pnas.0504136102
  • Fox MD, Buckner RL, Liu H, Chakravarty MM, Lozano AM, Pascual-Leone A. Resting-state networks link invasive and noninvasive brain stimulation across diverse psychiatric and neurological diseases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2014;111(41):E4367-75. doi:10.1073/pnas.1405003111
  • Joutsa J, Moussawi K, Siddiqi SH, Abdolahi A, Drew W, Cohen AL, Ross TJ, Deshpande HU, Wang HZ, Bruss J, Stein EA, Volkow ND, Grafman JH, van Wijngaarden E, Boes AD, Fox MD. Brain lesions disrupting addiction map to a common human brain circuit. Nat Med. 2022;28(6):1249-1255. doi:10.1038/s41591-022-01834-y

References

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  1. ^ "Michael D. Fox, MD, PhD – Brigham and Women's Hospital". physiciandirectory.brighamandwomens.org.
  2. ^ Siegel, Zachary (August 11, 2022). "A Hole in the Head: Can a brain implant treat drug addiction?". Harper's Magazine.
  3. ^ Linke, Rebecca (November 24, 2020). "Brigham Leads the Way in Brain Circuit Therapeutics". Brigham On a Mission.
  4. ^ Fox, Michael D.; Snyder, Abraham Z.; Vincent, Justin L.; Corbetta, Maurizio; Van Essen, David C.; Raichle, Marcus E. (July 5, 2005). "The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (27): 9673–9678. Bibcode:2005PNAS..102.9673F. doi:10.1073/pnas.0504136102. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 1157105. PMID 15976020.
  5. ^ Fox, Michael D.; Raichle, Marcus E. (September 2007). "Spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity observed with functional magnetic resonance imaging". Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 8 (9): 700–711. doi:10.1038/nrn2201. PMID 17704812. S2CID 15979590.
  6. ^ Fox, MD; Zhang D; Snyder DZ; Raichle ME (2009). "The global signal and observed anticorrelated resting state brain networks". J. Neurophysiol. 101 (6): 3270–3283. doi:10.1152/jn.90777.2008. PMC 2694109. PMID 19339462.
  7. ^ Boes, AD; Prasad, S; Liu, H; Liu, Q; Pascual-Leone, A; Caviness VS, Jr; Fox, MD (October 2015). "Network localization of neurological symptoms from focal brain lesions". Brain: A Journal of Neurology. 138 (Pt 10): 3061–75. doi:10.1093/brain/awv228. PMC 4671478. PMID 26264514.
  8. ^ Fox, MD (December 6, 2018). "Mapping Symptoms to Brain Networks with the Human Connectome". The New England Journal of Medicine. 379 (23): 2237–2245. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1706158. PMID 30575457. S2CID 58666837.
  9. ^ Mueller, Benjamin (June 13, 2022). "They Were Cigarette Smokers. Then a Stroke Vanquished Their Addiction". The New York Times.
  10. ^ Communications, BIDMC (December 19, 2017). "Harvard researchers intrigued by possible link between brain lesions, criminal behavior". Harvard Gazette.
  11. ^ Kletenik, Isaiah; Ferguson, Michael A.; Bateman, James R.; Cohen, Alexander L.; Lin, Christopher; Tetreault, Aaron; Pelak, Victoria S.; Anderson, Clark Alan; Prasad, Sashank; Darby, Richard Ryan; Fox, Michael D. (February 2022). "Network Localization of Unconscious Visual Perception in Blindsight". Annals of Neurology. 91 (2): 217–224. doi:10.1002/ana.26292. ISSN 0364-5134. PMC 10013845. PMID 34961965. S2CID 245553461.
  12. ^ Darby, R. Ryan; Joutsa, Juho; Burke, Matthew J.; Fox, Michael D. (October 16, 2018). "Lesion network localization of free will". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (42): 10792–10797. Bibcode:2018PNAS..11510792D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1814117115. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6196503. PMID 30275309.
  13. ^ Weintraub, Karen. "Spirituality and sense of awe seem to be hard-wired into our brains, researchers find". USA TODAY.
  14. ^ "Thomson Reuters World's Most Influential Scientific Minds 2014" (PDF).
  15. ^ a b "Thomson Reuters World's Most Influential Scientific Minds 2015" (PDF).
  16. ^ a b "Harvard Brain Science Initiative – Michael D. Fox".
  17. ^ "Michael Fox | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst". connects.catalyst.harvard.edu. Retrieved September 17, 2024.
  18. ^ Horn, Andreas; Reich, Martin; Vorwerk, Johannes; Li, Ningfei; Wenzel, Gregor; Fang, Qianqian; Schmitz-Hübsch, Tanja; Nickl, Robert; Kupsch, Andreas; Volkmann, Jens; Kühn, Andrea A.; Fox, Michael D. (July 2017). "Connectivity Predicts deep brain stimulation outcome in <scp>P</scp>arkinson disease". Annals of Neurology. 82 (1): 67–78. doi:10.1002/ana.24974. ISSN 0364-5134. PMC 5880678. PMID 28586141.
  19. ^ Siddiqi, Shan H.; Schaper, Frederic L. W. V. J.; Horn, Andreas; Hsu, Joey; Padmanabhan, Jaya L.; Brodtmann, Amy; Cash, Robin F. H.; Corbetta, Maurizio; Choi, Ki Sueng; Dougherty, Darin D.; Egorova, Natalia; Fitzgerald, Paul B.; George, Mark S.; Gozzi, Sophia A.; Irmen, Frederike (July 8, 2021). "Brain stimulation and brain lesions converge on common causal circuits in neuropsychiatric disease". Nature Human Behaviour. 5 (12): 1707–1716. doi:10.1038/s41562-021-01161-1. ISSN 2397-3374. PMC 8688172. PMID 34239076.
  20. ^ Joutsa, Juho; Moussawi, Khaled; Siddiqi, Shan H.; Abdolahi, Amir; Drew, William; Cohen, Alexander L.; Ross, Thomas J.; Deshpande, Harshawardhan U.; Wang, Henry Z.; Bruss, Joel; Stein, Elliot A.; Volkow, Nora D.; Grafman, Jordan H.; van Wijngaarden, Edwin; Boes, Aaron D. (June 2022). "Brain lesions disrupting addiction map to a common human brain circuit". Nature Medicine. 28 (6): 1249–1255. doi:10.1038/s41591-022-01834-y. ISSN 1078-8956. PMC 9205767. PMID 35697842.
  21. ^ Schaper, Frederic L. W. V. J.; Nordberg, Janne; Cohen, Alexander L.; Lin, Christopher; Hsu, Joey; Horn, Andreas; Ferguson, Michael A.; Siddiqi, Shan H.; Drew, William; Soussand, Louis; Winkler, Anderson M.; Simó, Marta; Bruna, Jordi; Rheims, Sylvain; Guenot, Marc (September 1, 2023). "Mapping Lesion-Related Epilepsy to a Human Brain Network". JAMA Neurology. 80 (9): 891–902. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.1988. ISSN 2168-6149. PMC 10318550. PMID 37399040.
  22. ^ "Trailblazer Prize for Clinician-Scientists". FNIH. Retrieved September 17, 2024.
  23. ^ "International Brain Stimulation Conference | Participate | Elsevier". www.elsevier.com. Retrieved September 17, 2024.
  24. ^ bwhgive2 (April 26, 2023). "The Raymond D. Adams, MD, Distinguished Chair in Neurology". Brigham and Women's Hospital Giving. Retrieved September 17, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  25. ^ Fox, Michael D.; Snyder, Abraham Z.; Vincent, Justin L.; Corbetta, Maurizio; Van Essen, David C.; Raichle, Marcus E. (June 23, 2005). "The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (27): 9673–9678. Bibcode:2005PNAS..102.9673F. doi:10.1073/pnas.0504136102. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 1157105. PMID 15976020.
  26. ^ Fox, Michael D. (December 6, 2018). "Mapping Symptoms to Brain Networks with the Human Connectome". New England Journal of Medicine. 379 (23): 2237–2245. doi:10.1056/nejmra1706158. ISSN 0028-4793. PMID 30575457.
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