Draft:North-West Frontier Theatre of WW1

North-West Frontier Theatre of WWI
	Part of World War I
	; A Mashud Village Burning following the operation
Date	November 1914–July 1917
Location	North-West Frontier Province
Result	Anglo-Indian victory
Belligerents
British Empire British India;	Khost tribesmen; Bunerwals tribes; Swatis tribes; Mohmand Tribe; Mahsud tribesmen; Supported by: Germany; Ottoman Empire; Provisional Government of India;
Commanders and leaders
Major-General Sir Vere Bonamy Fane; Major-General Frederick Campbell; Major-General William Benyon;	Tribesmen leaders
Units involved
Bannu Brigade; Local militia;	Khost tribesmen; Bunerwals tribes; Swatis tribes; Mohmand Tribe; Mahsud tribesmen;
Strength
few thousand soldiers	7,000 tribesmen

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Background

Many operations occurred in the North-West Frontier Province through the late 1800s and all the way up to Indian Independence in 1947.^[1] some operations occurred during WWI by pro-ottoman anti rebel tribes.^[2] These forces fought on and off from Ottoman entry into the war all the way until Summer 1917.

Operations

Operations in the Tochi

There were two raids conducted by Kochi tribesman, They were later both suppressed by a single British brigade In March 1915.^[3]

Operations against the Mohmands, Bunerwals and Swatis in 1915

Were a group of raids lead by pro-ottoman tribesman, It was later suppressed in September 1915.^[3]

Mohmand blockade

was a blocked done on Mohmand tribesman following their declaration of Jihad. It was lifted following their suppression in 1917.^[4]

Operations against the Mahsuds (1917)

A series of engagments in early 1917. A peace agreement was reached on 10 August 1917 with a Mahsud jirga.^[4]

Central Powers Involvement

All of the Rebellions were caused from The ottomans declaring Jihad.^[5] weapons were also smuggled through Afghanistan by the Provisional Government of India and Germany.^[6]

Aftermath

Following the ending of the North-West Frontier Campaign many more similar rebellions continued until Indian independence.

References

^ "Paris, John, (2 May 1912–14 June 1985), Director, National Army Museum, 1967–69", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 1 December 2007, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u167857, retrieved 23 May 2024
^ Baha, Lal (February 1970). "The North-West frontier in the first World War". Asian Affairs. 1 (1): 29–37. doi:10.1080/03068377008729519. ISSN 0306-8374.
^ ^a ^b Strachan, Hew (2003). The First World War. 1: To arms (1. publ. in paperback ed.). Oxford Berlin: Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0-19-926191-8.
^ ^a ^b Macro, Paul (2019). Action at Badama Post: the Third Afghan War ; 1919. Oxford Philadelphia: Casemate. ISBN 978-1-61200-760-1.
^ Noor, Farish A. (March 2011). "'Racial Profiling' Revisited: The 1915 Indian Sepoy Mutiny in Singapore and the Impact of Profiling on Religious and Ethnic Minorities". Politics, Religion & Ideology. 12 (1): 89–100. doi:10.1080/21567689.2011.564404. ISSN 2156-7689.
^ Ansari, K. H. (July 1986). "Pan-Islam and the Making of the Early Indian Muslim Socialists". Modern Asian Studies. 20 (3): 509–537. doi:10.1017/s0026749x00007848. ISSN 0026-749X.

[1] "Paris, John, (2 May 1912–14 June 1985), Director, National Army Museum, 1967–69", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 1 December 2007, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u167857, retrieved 23 May 2024

[2] Baha, Lal (February 1970). "The North-West frontier in the first World War". Asian Affairs. 1 (1): 29–37. doi:10.1080/03068377008729519. ISSN 0306-8374.

[:0-3] Strachan, Hew (2003). The First World War. 1: To arms (1. publ. in paperback ed.). Oxford Berlin: Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0-19-926191-8.

[:1-4] Macro, Paul (2019). Action at Badama Post: the Third Afghan War ; 1919. Oxford Philadelphia: Casemate. ISBN 978-1-61200-760-1.

[5] Noor, Farish A. (March 2011). "'Racial Profiling' Revisited: The 1915 Indian Sepoy Mutiny in Singapore and the Impact of Profiling on Religious and Ethnic Minorities". Politics, Religion & Ideology. 12 (1): 89–100. doi:10.1080/21567689.2011.564404. ISSN 2156-7689.

[6] Ansari, K. H. (July 1986). "Pan-Islam and the Making of the Early Indian Muslim Socialists". Modern Asian Studies. 20 (3): 509–537. doi:10.1017/s0026749x00007848. ISSN 0026-749X.

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