Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

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Duchess Anna Amalia
Ducess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
Duchess consort of Saxe-Weimar
Tenure1756-1758
Duchess consort of Saxe-Eisenach
Tenure1756-1758
Regent of Saxe-Weimar
Tenure1758-1775
Regent of Saxe-Eisenach
Tenure1758-1775
Born(1739-10-24)24 October 1739
Wolfenbüttel
Died10 April 1807(1807-04-10) (aged 67)
Weimar
SpouseErnest Augustus II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
IssueKarl August, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
Prince Frederick Ferdinand
HouseHouse of Brunswick-Bevern
House of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
FatherCharles I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
MotherPrincess Philippine Charlotte of Prussia

Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (24 October 1739 – 10 April 1807), was a German princess and composer. She became the duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, by marriage, and was also regent of the states of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach from 1758 to 1775. She transformed her court and its surrounding into the most influential cultural center of Germany.

Family

Standard

She was born in Wolfenbüttel, the ninth child of Karl I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and Princess Philippine Charlotte of Prussia. Her maternal grandparents were Frederick William I of Prussia and Sophia Dorothea of Hanover.

Marriage

In Brunswick on 16 March 1756 she married Ernst August II Konstantin, Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. Ernst August died in 1758 leaving her regent for their infant son, Karl August.

Regency

During Karl August's minority she administered the affairs of the duchy with notable prudence, strengthening its resources and improving its position in spite of the troubles of the Seven Years' War. In 1775, with her son having attained his maturity, she retired.

Cultural role

As a patron of art and literature she drew many of the most eminent men in Germany to Weimar, including Johann Gottfried Herder, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich Schiller and Abel Seyler's theatrical company. When Anna Amalia succeeded in engaging the Seyler Company, this was "an extremely fortunate coup. The Seyler Company was the best theatre company in Germany at that time."[1] Amalia von Helvig was also later to be a part of her court. She hired Christoph Martin Wieland, a poet and translator of William Shakespeare, to educate her son. She also established the Duchess Anna Amalia Library, which is now home to some 1,000,000 volumes. The duchess was honoured in Goethe's work under the title Zum Andenken der Fürstin Anna-Amalia.

Anna Amalia was a notable composer. Among her significant works is a symphony for two oboes, two flutes, two violins, and double bass (1765), a tripartite oratorio (1768), an opera called Erwin und Elmire (1776), based on a text by Goethe, and a divertimento for piano, clarinet, viola, and violoncello (around 1780).[2]

Ancestry

Family of Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
16. Augustus the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
8. Ferdinand Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
17. Duchess Elisabeth Sophia of Mecklenburg-Gustrow
4. Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
18. Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse-Eschwege
9. Landgravine Christina Wilhelmina of Hesse-Eschwege
19. Countess Palatine Eleonora Catherine of Zweibrücken
2. Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
20. Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
10. Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
21. Princess Elisabeth Juliana Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderborg-Nordborg
5. Duchess Antoinette of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
22. Albert Ernest I, Prince of Oettingen-Oettingen
11. Princess Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen
23. Duchess Christine Friederike of Württemberg
1. Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
24. Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg
12. Frederick I of Prussia
25. Countess Luise Henriette of Nassau
6. Frederick William I of Prussia
26. Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover (=28)
13. Sophia Charlotte of Hanover
27. Countess Palatine Sophia of the Palatinate-Simmern (=29)
3. Princess Philippine Charlotte of Prussia
28. Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover (=26)
14. George I of Great Britain
29. Countess Palatine Sophia of the Palatinate-Simmern (=27)
7. Sophia Dorothea of Hanover
30. George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
15. Sophia Dorothea of Celle
31. Eleonore d'Esmier d'Olbreuse

References and sources

References
  1. ^ "Herzogin Anna Amalie von Weimar und ihr Theater," in Robert Keil (ed.), Goethe's Tagebuch aus den Jahren 1776–1782, Veit, 1875, p. 69
  2. ^ ANNA AMALIA von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon, retrieved February 25, 2011
Sources
  •  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Anna Amalia". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

Further reading

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Anna Amalia, Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.
Wikisource has the text of a 1905 New International Encyclopedia article about "Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel".
Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Cadet branch of the House of Welf
Born: 24 October 1739 Died: 10 April 1807
German royalty
Vacant
Title last held by
Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Bayreuth 		Duchess consort of Saxe-Weimar
16 March 1756 – 28 May 1758 		Vacant
Title next held by
Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt
Duchess consort of Saxe-Eisenach
16 March 1756 – 28 May 1758
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