View source for Eight-thousander

{{Short description|Mountain peaks of over 8,000 m}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
[[File:Eight Thousanders Map.png|thumb|upright=1.35|Locations of the world's 14 eight-thousanders, which are split between the [[Himalayas|Himalayan]] (right), and the [[Karakoram]] mountain ranges (left)]]

The '''eight-thousanders''' are the 14 [[mountain]]s recognized by the [[International Mountaineering and Climbing Federation]] (UIAA) as being more than {{convert|8000|m|ft|0}} in height above [[sea level]], and sufficiently independent of neighbouring peaks. There is no precise definition of the criteria used to assess independence, and at times, the UIAA has considered whether the list should be expanded to 20 mountain peaks by including the major satellite peaks of eight-thousanders. All of the eight-thousanders are located in the [[Himalayas|Himalayan]] and [[Karakoram]] mountain ranges in [[Asia]], and their summits lie in the altitude range known as the [[death zone]].

From 1950 to 1964, all 14 eight-thousanders were summited by [[Expedition climbing|expedition climbers]] in the summer (the first to be summited was [[Annapurna I]] in 1950, and the last was [[Shishapangma]] in 1964), and from 1980 to 2021, all 14 were summited in the winter (the first to be summited in winter being [[Mount Everest]] in 1980, and the last being [[K2]] in 2021).  On a variety of statistical techniques, the deadliest eight-thousander is [[Annapurna I]] (one death – climber or climber support – for every three summiters), followed by [[K2]] and [[Nanga Parbat]] (one death for every four to five summiters), and then [[Dhaulagiri]] and [[Kangchenjunga]] (one for every six to seven summiters).

The first person to summit all 14 eight-thousanders was the Italian climber [[Reinhold Messner]] in 1986, who did not use any supplementary oxygen. In 2010,  [[Edurne Pasaban]], a [[Basque people|Basque]] [[Spanish people|Spanish]] [[mountaineer]] became the first woman to summit all 14 eight-thousanders, but with the aid of supplementary oxygen. In 2011, Austrian [[Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner]] became the first woman to summit all 14 eight-thousanders without the aid of supplementary oxygen.  In 2013, South Korean [[Kim Chang-ho (climber)|Kim Chang-ho]] climbed all 14 eight-thousanders in 7 years and 310 days, without the aid of supplementary oxygen. In July 2023, [[Kristin Harila]] and [[Tenjen Sherpa|Tenjen Lama Sherpa]] set a speed record of 92 days for climbing all 14 eight-thousanders, with supplementary oxygen. In July 2022, [[Sanu Sherpa]] became the first person to summit all 14 eight-thousanders twice, which he did from 2006 to 2022.

Issues with false summits (e.g. [[Cho Oyu]], Annapurna I and [[Dhaulagiri]]), or separated dual summits (e.g. Shishapangma and [[Manaslu]]), have led to disputed claims of ascents.<ref name=NYT1/> In 2022, after several years of research, a team of experts reported that they could only confirm evidence that three climbers, [[Ed Viesturs]], [[Veikka Gustafsson]] and [[Nirmal Purja]], had stood on the true geographic summit of all 14 eight-thousanders.<ref name=Alpinist/>

==Climbing history==

===First ascents===
[[File:Flight over himalaya annotated.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Flight over the [[Khumbu]] region; six eight-thousanders are visible]]
The first recorded attempt on an eight-thousander was when [[Albert F. Mummery]], [[Geoffrey Hastings]] and [[J. Norman Collie]] tried to climb Pakistan's [[Nanga Parbat]] in 1895. The attempt failed when Mummery and two [[Gurkha]]s, Ragobir Thapa and Goman Singh, were killed by an [[avalanche]].<ref name=Mummery1895/>

The [[first ascent#In mountaineering and alpinism|first successful ascent]] of an eight-thousander was by the French climbers [[Maurice Herzog]] and [[Louis Lachenal]], who reached the summit of [[Annapurna]] on 3 June 1950 using [[expedition climbing]] techniques as part of the [[1950 French Annapurna expedition]].<ref name=Herzog1951/> Due to its location in [[Tibet]], [[Shishapangma]] was the last eight-thousander to be ascended, which was completed by a Chinese team led by [[Xu Jing (mountaineer)|Xu Jing]] in 1964 (Tibet's mountains were closed by China to foreigners until 1978).<ref>{{cite web | magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]] | url=https://vault.si.com/vault/2004/11/15/finding-china | title=Finding China | date=14 November 2004 | accessdate=5 August 2022 | author=Yi Wyn Yen}}</ref>

The [[first winter ascent]] of an eight-thousander was by a Polish team led by [[Andrzej Zawada]] on [[Mount Everest]], with [[Leszek Cichy]] and [[Krzysztof Wielicki]] reaching the summit on 17 February 1980;<ref>{{cite journal |title = Mount Everest: The First Winter Ascent|url = https://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1984_files/AJ%201984%2050-59%20Zawada%20Everest.pdf|first = Andrzej |last = Zawada |translator1-first=Ingeborga |translator1-last=Doubrawa-Cochlin|translator2-first=Peter|translator2-last = Cochlin|journal = The Alpine Journal|date = 1984|pages = 50–59}}</ref> all-Polish teams would complete nine of the first fourteen winter ascents of eight-thousanders.<ref name=PM5/> The final eight-thousander to be climbed in winter was K2, whose summit was ascended by a 10-person Nepalese team on 16 January 2021.<ref name=tele1>{{cite news | newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/01/16/former-gurkha-nirmal-purja-among-nepalese-climbers-complete/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/01/16/former-gurkha-nirmal-purja-among-nepalese-climbers-complete/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live | title=Former Gurkha Nirmal Purja among Nepalese climbers to complete first winter ascent of deadly K2 | first=Ben | last=Farmer | date=16 January 2021 | access-date=16 January 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Only two climbers have completed more than one first ascent of an eight-thousander, [[Hermann Buhl]] (Nanga Parbat and Broad Peak) and [[Kurt Diemberger]] (Broad Peak and Dhaulagiri). Buhl's summit of [[Nanga Parbat]] in 1953 is notable as being the only solo first ascent of one of the eight-thousanders. The Polish climber [[Jerzy Kukuczka]] is noted for creating over ten new routes on various eight-thousander mountains.<ref name=PM5>{{cite web|first=Nicholas | last=Hobley |title=Remembering Jerzy Kukuczka, the legendary Polish mountaineer |date=24 October 2019 |url=https://www.planetmountain.com/en/news/alpinism/remembering-jerzy-kukuczka-the-legendary-polish-mountaineer.html |website=PlanetMountain |access-date=10 December 2021}}</ref>  Italian climber [[Simone Moro]] made the first winter ascent of four eight-thousanders (Shishapangma, Makalu, Gasherbrum II, and Nanga Parbat),<ref>{{cite web | magazine=[[Climbing (magazine)|Climbing]] | url=https://www.climbing.com/people/simon-moro-worlds-greatest-winter-mountaneer/ |title="It's a Suffering Game": Simone Moro and the Fine Art of Climbing 8,000m Peaks in Winter | date=13 December 2021 | accessdate=4 August 2022 | first=Marcello | last=Rossi}}</ref> while three Polish climbers have each made three first winter ascents of an eight-thousander, [[Maciej Berbeka]] (Cho Oyu, Manaslu, and Broad Peak), [[Krzysztof Wielicki]] (Everest, Kangchenjunga, and Lhotse) and [[Jerzy Kukuczka]] (Dhaulagiri I, Kangchenjunga, and Annapurna I).<ref name=PM5/>

===All 14===
[[File:Comparison_of_highest_mountains.svg|upright=1.35|thumb|Comparison of the heights of the Eight-thousanders (red triangles) with the [[Seven Summits]] and [[Seven Second Summits]]]]
[[File:30 highest peaks with more than 500m prominence.png|upright=1.35|thumb|The 30–highest peaks in the world with over {{cvt|500.|m}} in [[topographic prominence|prominence]]<ref>[https://www.peakbagger.com/list.aspx?lid=201 PEAKBAGGER: World 7200-meter Peaks (Ranked Peaks have 500 meters of Clean Prominence)]</ref>]]

On 16 October 1986, Italian [[Reinhold Messner]] became the first person to climb all 14 eight-thousanders. In 1987, Polish climber [[Jerzy Kukuczka]] became the second person to accomplish this feat.<ref name=PM5/> Messner summited each of the 14 peaks without the aid of [[Bottled oxygen (climbing)|bottled oxygen]], a feat that was only repeated by the Swiss [[Erhard Loretan]] nine years later in 1995 (Kukuczka had used supplementary oxygen while summiting Everest and on no other eight-thousander<ref name=PM5/>).<ref>{{cite web | website=PlanetMountain | url=https://www.planetmountain.com/en/news/alpinism/erhard-loretan-good-bye-to-a-great-alpinist.html | title=Erhard Loretan, good-bye to a great alpinist | date=29 April 2011 | accessdate=4 August 2022 | first=Vinicio |last=Stefanello}}</ref>

On 17 May 2010, Spanish climber [[Edurne Pasaban]] became the first woman to summit all 14 eight-thousanders.<ref name="explorersOK">{{cite web|url=http://explorersweb.com/everest_k2/news.php?id=19771|title=Oh Eun-Sun report, final: Edurne Pasaban takes the throne|publisher=ExplorersWeb|date=10 December 2010|url-access=subscription|access-date=2014-01-04|archive-date=16 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416151948/http://explorersweb.com/everest_k2/news.php?id=19771|url-status=dead}}</ref> In August 2011, [[Austria]]n climber [[Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner]] became the first woman to climb the 14 eight-thousanders without the use of supplementary oxygen.<ref name="BBC News">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14641414 |title=Austrian woman claims Himalayas climbing record |access-date=2011-08-24|work=BBC News|date=23 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne%2BNews/World/Story/A1Story20110823-295884.html|title=Austrian is first woman to scale 14 peaks without oxygen|publisher=AsiaOne|date=30 August 2011|access-date=2014-01-04}}</ref>

The first couple and team to summit all 14 eight-thousanders were the Italians [[Nives Meroi]] (who was the second woman to accomplish this feat without supplementary oxygen), and her husband {{ill|Romano Benet|it}} on 11 May 2017.<ref name="ansa">{{Cite news|url=https://www.ansa.it/english/news/2017/05/11/italians-become-first-couple-to-scale-all-eight-thousanders_d773a802-f6b2-4d88-b485-b1ce4c015618.html|title=Italians become first couple to scale all eight-thousanders|date=2017-05-11|work=ansa.it|access-date=2023-02-02|language=en}}</ref><ref name=PM10>{{cite web | website=PlanetMountain | url=https://www.planetmountain.com/en/news/alpinism/nives-meroi-and-romano-benet-summit-annapurna-their-14th-8000er.html | title=Nives Meroi and Romano Benet summit Annapurna, their 14th 8000er | accessdate=5 August 2022 | first=Vinicio | last=Stefanello | date=11 May 2017}}</ref> The couple climbed [[alpine style]], without the use of supplementary oxygen or other support.<ref name=PM10/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.repubblica.it/sport/vari/2017/05/11/news/nives_meroi_romano_benet_prima_coppia_su_tutti_ottomila-165156761/|title=Alpinismo, il record di Meroi-Benet: è italiana la prima coppia su tutti gli Ottomila|date=11 May 2017}}</ref>

On 23 May 2023, [[Nepal]]i guide [[Kami Rita]] summitted Everest for the 28th time (a record for Everest), becoming the first-ever person to climb an eight-thousander 38 times.<ref>{{cite web | website=[[Guinness Book of Records]] | url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/384190-most-climbs-over-8-000-m | title=Most climbs over 8,000 metres  | date=23 May 2023 | access-date=2023-08-01}}</ref> In July 2022, [[Sanu Sherpa]] became the first person to summit all 14 eight-thousanders twice.<ref>{{cite web | website=Reuters | url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/nepali-sherpa-sets-climbing-record-pakistan-mountain-2022-07-21/ | title=Nepali Sherpa sets climbing record on Pakistan mountain | first=Gopal | last=Sharma | date=21 July 2022 | accessdate=5 August 2022}}</ref>  He started with Cho Oyu in 2006, and completed the double by summiting Gasherbrum II in July 2022.<ref>{{cite web | website=LACrux | url=https://www.lacrux.com/en/alpinism/world-record-sanu-sherpa-has-climbed-all-14-eight-thousanders-twice/  | date=28 July 2022 | accessdate=5 August 2022 | title=World record: Sanu Sherpa has climbed all 14 eight-thousanders twice}}</ref>

On 20 May 2013, [[Demographics of South Korea|South Korea]]n climber [[Kim Chang-ho (climber)|Kim Chang-ho]] set a new speed record of climbing all 14 eight-thousanders, without the use of supplementary oxygen, in 7 years and 310 days.  On 29 October 2019, the [[British people|British]]-[[Nepali people|Nepali]] climber [[Nirmal Purja]] set a speed record of 6 months and 6 days for climbing all 14 eight-thousanders with the use of supplementary oxygen.<ref name=GWR>{{cite web | website=[[Guinness World Records]] | url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2021/12/14-peaks-all-the-records-nims-purja-broke-in-new-netflix-documentary-684255 | title=14 Peaks: All the records Nims Purja broke in new Netflix documentary | first=Sanj | last=Atwal | date=3 December 2021 | accessdate=5 December 2021}}</ref><ref name=BBC>{{cite web| url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-50217376 |title=Nirmal Purja: Ex-soldier climbs 14 highest mountains in six months |date=29 October 2019 | access-date=24 December 2019 | website=[[BBC News]] | author= | quote=A Nepali mountaineer and former British Marine has climbed the world's tallest 14 peaks in six months - beating an earlier record of almost eight years.}}</ref><ref name=NG>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/2019/05/climber-record-summits-six-eight-thousand-meter-peaks-one-month/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524222617/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/2019/05/climber-record-summits-six-eight-thousand-meter-peaks-one-month/|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 May 2019|title=Nepal climber makes history speed climbing world's tallest peaks | author=Freddie Wilkinson | magazine=[[National Geographic]] | access-date=24 December 2019 | quote=On October 29th, Nirmal Purja Magar announced via Instagram that he had summited China's Shishapangma. This marked the fourteenth 8,000-meter peak he had climbed in seven months and the completion of an extraordinary project to speed climb the world's tallest mountains in rapid succession. }}</ref> On 27 July 2023, [[Kristin Harila]] and [[Tenjen Sherpa|Tenjen Lama Sherpa]] set a new speed record of 92 days for climbing all 14 eight-thousanders with supplementary oxygen.<ref name="AlanA2023" /><ref name="K2_2023_1" />

===Deadliest===
{{see also|List of deaths on eight-thousanders}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Estimated sample death rates for the 14 eight-thousanders<ref name=8000ersGen>{{cite web|url=http://www.8000ers.com/cms/en/8000ers-mainmenu-205.html |title=General Info|publisher=8000ers.com | author=Eberhard Jurgalski | author-link=:de:Eberhard Jurgalski | access-date=2014-02-21}}</ref><ref name="economist2013">{{cite web |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2013/05/daily-chart-18 | title=DAILY CHART: Stairway to heaven, how deadly are the world's highest mountains? | publisher=[[The Economist]] | date=29 March 2013|quote=For every three thrill-seekers that make it safely up and down Annapurna I, one dies trying, according to data from Eberhard Jurgalski of website ''8000ers.com'', collected in his forthcoming book "On Top of the World: The New Millennium", co-authored by Richard Sale.}}</ref>
|-
!rowspan="2" |Eight<br/>thousander
!colspan="3" |From 1950 to March 2012<ref name="economist2013"/>
!rowspan="2" |Climber<br />death rate<br /><ref name="HDB1">{{cite web|url=http://www.himalayandatabase.com/downloads/hbnsampl.pdf|title=The Himalaya by the Numbers: A Statistical Analysis of Mountaineering in the Nepal Himalaya | author1=Elizabeth Hawley | author-link=Elizabeth Hawley | author2=Richard Sailsbury | date=2011 | page=129 |quote=Table D-3: Deaths for peaks with more than 750 members above base camp from 1950–2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/himalayan-death-tolls/2014/04/24/6eafed0e-cbee-11e3-93eb-6c0037dde2ad_graphic.html?noredirect=on|title=Himalayan Death Tolls|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=24 April 2014}}</ref>{{efn|Per ''[[The Himalayan Database]]'' (HDB) tables, the Climber (or Member) Death Rate is the ratio of deaths above base camp, of all climbers who were hoping to summit and who went above base camp, for 1950 to 2009, and is closer to a true ''probability of death''; the data is only for ''Nepalese Himalaya''.  Summary tables from the HDB report for all mountains above 8,000 metres, imply that the death rate for the period 1990 to 2009 (e.g. modern expeditions), is roughly half that of the combined 1950 to 2009 period.<ref name="HDB1"/>}}
|-
!Total<br />ascents{{efn|As recorded by [[:de:Eberhard Jurgalski|Eberhard Jurgalski]]}}
!Total<br />deaths{{efn |name=EBJ1 |As recorded by [[:de:Eberhard Jurgalski|Eberhard Jurgalski]] and being any death (climber or other) above Base Camp.<ref name=EBJ>{{cite web|url=http://www.8000ers.com/cms/en/downloads-info-mainmenu-231.html|title=Fatalities tables|access-date=23 November 2018|quote=Included are only fatalities from, at or above BC or caused from there. Fatalities on approach or return marches are not listed.|publisher=8000ers.com | author=Eberhard Jurgalski | author-link=:de:Eberhard Jurgalski }}</ref>}}
!Deaths as<br />% of ascents{{efn|This should not be mistaken as being a '''death rate'''; it does not imply a ''probability of death'' for a climber attempting to climb an eight-thousander as it includes '''all''' deaths from '''all''' activities undertaken above base camp (e.g. training or reconnaissance trips, camp stocking activities by porters who will not be summiting the mountain, rescue attempts etc.). Thus it compares deaths from the larger group of people who were, and were not, making a summit attempt, with the smaller group who were making a summit attempt. While it is not a probability, the statistic does reflect the ratio of people who died above base camp for each climber who summited.}}

|-
|[[Mount Everest|Everest]]
| style="text-align: right;" |5656|| style="text-align: right;" | 223|| style="text-align: right;" |3.9%|| style="text-align: right;" |1.52%

|-
|[[K2]]
| style="text-align: right;"|283|| style="text-align: right;" |40|| style="text-align: right;" |14.1%|| style="text-align: right;" |3.00%

|-
|[[Lhotse]]
| style="text-align: right;" |461|| style="text-align: right;" |13|| style="text-align: right;" |2.8%|| style="text-align: right;" |1.03%

|-
|[[Makalu]]
| style="text-align: right;" |361|| style="text-align: right;" |31|| style="text-align: right;" |8.6%|| style="text-align: right;" |1.63%

|-
|[[Cho Oyu]]
| style="text-align: right;" |3138|| style="text-align: right;" |44|| style="text-align: right;" |1.4%|| style="text-align: right;" |0.64%

|-
|[[Dhaulagiri|Dhaulagiri I]]
| style="text-align: right;" |448|| style="text-align: right;" |69|| style="text-align: right;" |15.4%|| style="text-align: right;" |2.94%

|-
|[[Manaslu]]
| style="text-align: right;" |661|| style="text-align: right;" |65|| style="text-align: right;" |9.8%|| style="text-align: right;" |2.77%

|-
|[[Nanga Parbat]]
| style="text-align: right;" |335|| style="text-align: right;" |68|| style="text-align: right;" |20.3%|| style="text-align: right;" |–{{efn|name="pak"|Data is not available for the ''Karakoram Himalayas''}}

|-
|[[Annapurna I]]
| style="text-align: right;" |191|| style="text-align: right;" |61|| style="text-align: right;" |31.9%|| style="text-align: right;" |4.05%

|-
|[[Gasherbrum I]]<br />(Hidden Peak)
| style="text-align: right;" |334|| style="text-align: right;" |29|| style="text-align: right;" |8.7%|| style="text-align: right;" |–{{efn|name="pak"}}

|-
|[[Broad Peak]]
| style="text-align: right;" |404|| style="text-align: right;" |21|| style="text-align: right;" |5.2%|| style="text-align: right;" |–{{efn|name="pak"}}

|-
|[[Gasherbrum II]]
| style="text-align: right;" |930|| style="text-align: right;" |21|| style="text-align: right;" |2.3%|| style="text-align: right;" |–{{efn|name="pak"}}

|-
|[[Kangchenjunga]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 243 || style="text-align: right;" | 40 || style="text-align: right;" | 16% || style="text-align: right;" |3.00%

|- 
|[[Shishapangma]]
| style="text-align: right;" |302|| style="text-align: right;" |25|| style="text-align: right;" |8.3%|| style="text-align: right;" |
|}

The eight-thousanders are the world's deadliest mountains. The extreme altitude and the fact that the summits of all eight-thousanders lie in the Death Zone mean that climber mortality (or ''death rate'') is high.<ref name=SIA>{{cite web | website=[[Statista]] | url=https://www.statista.com/chart/26383/expedition-death-rate-of-mountains-over-8-thousand-meters/ | title=Deadly Peaks | first=Martin | last=Armstrong | date=10 December 2021 | accessdate=13 December 2021}}</ref>  Two metrics are quoted to establish a ''death rate'' (i.e. broad and narrow) that are used to rank the eight-thousanders in order of ''deadliest''.<ref name=EBJ/><ref name=MIQ/>

* Broad death rate: The first metric is the ''ratio of total deaths{{efn |name=EBJ1}} on the mountain to successful climbers summiting'' over a given period.<ref name=EBJ/>  The ''[[Guinness Book of World Records]]'' uses this metric to name Annapurna I as the deadliest eight-thousander, and the world's deadliest mountain with roughly one person dying for every three people who successfully summit, i.e. a ratio of circa 30%.<ref name=GB>{{cite web | website=[[Guinness Book of World Records]] | url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/deadliest-mountain-to-climb | title=Deadliest mountain to climb | date=2019 | accessdate=13 December 2021}}</ref> Using consistent data from 1950 to 2012, mountaineering statistician [[:de:Eberhard Jurgalski|Eberhard Jurgalski]] (see table) used this metric to show Annapurna is the deadliest mountain (31.9%), followed by K2 (26.5%), Nanga Parbat (20.3%), Dhaulagiri (15.4%) and Kangchenjunga (14.1%).<ref name=EBJ/>  Other statistical sources including ''MountainIQ'', used a mix of data periods from 1900 to Spring 2021 but had similar results showing Annapurna still being the deadliest mountain (27.2%), followed by K2 (22.8%), Nanga Parbat (20.75%), Kangchenjunga (15%), and Dhaulagiri (13.5%).<ref name=MIQ>{{cite web | website=MountainIQ | url=https://www.mountainiq.com/guides/eight-thousanders/ | first=Mark | last=Whitman | date=22 December 2020 | accessdate=13 December 2021 | title=Eight Thousanders – The Complete 8000ers Guide}}</ref><ref name=SIA/>  Cho Oyu was the safest at 1.4%.<ref name=EBJ/><ref name=MIQ/>
* Narrow death rate: The drawback of the first metric is that it includes the deaths of any support climbers or climbing sherpas that went above base camp in assisting the climb; therefore, rather than being the probability that a climber will die attempting to summit an eight-thousander, it is more akin to the total human cost in getting a climber to the summit.<ref name="HDB1"/> In the ''[[The Himalayan Database|Himalayan Database]]'' (HDB) tables, the climber (or member) "Death Rate" is the ''ratio of deaths above base camp, of all climbers who were hoping to summit and who went above base camp'' (calculated for 1950 to 2009), and is closer to a true ''probability of death'' (see table below).<ref name="HDB1"/>  The data is only for the Nepalese Himalaya and therefore does not include K2 or Nanga Parbat.<ref name="HDB1"/>  HDB estimates the probability of death for a climber attempting the summit of an eight-thousander is still highest for Annapurna I (4%), followed by Kangchenjunga (3%) and Dhaulagiri (3%); the safest is still Cho Oyu at 0.6%.<ref name="HDB1"/>

The tables from the HDB for eight-thousanders also show that the death rate of climbers for the period 1990 to 2009 (e.g. modern expeditions), is roughly half that of the combined 1950 to 2009 period, i.e. climbing is becoming safer for the climbers attempting the summit.<ref name="HDB1"/>

== List of first ascents ==
From 1950 to 1964, all 14 of the eight-thousanders were summited in the summer (the first was [[Annapurna I]] in 1950, and the last was [[Shishapangma]] in 1964), and from 1980 to 2021, all 14 were summited in the winter (the first being [[Everest]] in 1980, and the last being [[K2]] in 2021).

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ [[First ascent]] and [[first winter ascent]] for each of the 14 eight-thousanders<ref name=8000ersGen/><ref name="economist2013"/>
|-
!colspan="4" |Mountain<ref name=8000ersGen/>
!colspan="2" |First ascent<ref name=8000ersGen/>
!colspan="2" |First winter ascent<ref name=8000ersGen/>
|-
!Name
![[topographic elevation|Height]]<ref name="pb">[https://www.peakbagger.com/list.aspx?lid=200 PeakBagger: World 8000–metre Peaks]</ref>
![[topographic prominence|Prom.]]<ref name="pb"/>
!Country
!Date
!Summiter(s)
!Date
!Summiter(s)
|-
|[[Mount Everest|Everest]]
| style="text-align: right;" |{{convert|8849|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}<ref name="ME">{{Cite news|title=Mount Everest is two feet taller, China and Nepal announce|work=[[National Geographic]]|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/12/new-height-of-mount-everest-announced-by-china-and-nepal/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208113343/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/12/new-height-of-mount-everest-announced-by-china-and-nepal/|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 December 2020|access-date=15 September 2021}}</ref>
| style="text-align: right;" |{{convert|8849|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Nepal}} Nepal}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|China}} China}}
| style="text-align: right;" |29 May 1953
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|NZL}} [[Edmund Hillary]]}} 
{{flagicon|India|1930}} {{flagicon|Nepal|1930}} {{nowrap| [[Tenzing Norgay]]}}<br />on [[1953 British Mount Everest expedition|British expedition]]
| style="text-align: right;" |17 February 1980<br />
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|POL}} [[Krzysztof Wielicki]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|POL}} [[Leszek Cichy]]}}

|- style="background:#efefef;"
|[[K2]]
| style="text-align: right;" |{{convert|8611|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align: right;" |{{convert|4020|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Pakistan}} Pakistan}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|China}} China}}<ref name="Karakoram">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-28500721|title=K2 lies in Pakistan, near the northern border with China|work=BBC News|date=26 July 2014 }}</ref>
| style="text-align: right;" |31 July 1954
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Achille Compagnoni]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Lino Lacedelli]]}}<br />
on [[1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2|Italian expedition]]
| style="text-align: right;" |16 January 2021<ref name=tele1/>
|{{flagicon|NPL}}{{flagicon|UK}} [[Nirmal Purja]]{{refn|name=resentment-etc|<!-- BEGIN resentment-etc cite group --><ref name="NP">{{cite web|title=All-Nepali winter first on K2|date=16 January 2021 |access-date=10 February 2022|publisher=Nepali Times|url=https://www.nepalitimes.com/here-now/all-nepali-winter-first-on-K2/}}</ref><ref name="KP">{{cite web|author=Naresh Koirala |title=A matter of pride |date=16 January 2022 |access-date=10 February 2022|publisher=The Kathmandu Times |url=https://kathmandupost.com/columns/2022/01/16/a-matter-of-pride}}</ref><ref name="CNA">{{cite web|author=Tom Robbins |title=Life lessons from mountaineer Nirmal Purja, of Netflix's 14 Peaks fame |url=https://cnaluxury.channelnewsasia.com/people/nirmal-purja-netflix-14-peaks-193581 |publisher=CNA Luxury |date=1 January 2022 |access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref>}}<br/>
{{flagicon|NPL}} Gelje Sherpa<br/>
{{flagicon|NPL}} [[Mingma Gyabu Sherpa|Mingma David Sherpa]]<br/>
{{flagicon|NPL}} Mingma Gyalje Sherpa<br/>
{{flagicon|NPL}} Sona Sherpa<br/>
{{flagicon|NPL}} Mingma Tenzi Sherpa<br/>
{{flagicon|NPL}} Pem Chhiri Sherpa<br/>
{{flagicon|NPL}} Dawa Temba Sherpa<br/>
{{flagicon|NPL}} Kili Pemba Sherpa<br/>
{{flagicon|NPL}} Dawa Tenjing Sherpa

|-
|[[Kangchenjunga]]
| style="text-align: right;" |{{convert|8586|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align: right;" |{{convert|3922|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Nepal}} Nepal}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|India}} India}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2000/jul/13/lukeharding|title=Climbers banned from sacred peak|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=13 July 2000|website=the Guardian|access-date=29 March 2018}}</ref>
| style="text-align: right;" |25 May 1955
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|UK}} [[George Band]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|UK}} [[Joe Brown (climber)|Joe Brown]]}}<br />on [[1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition|British expedition]]
| style="text-align: right;" |11 January 1986
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|POL}} [[Krzysztof Wielicki]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|POL}} [[Jerzy Kukuczka]]}}

|- style="background:#efefef;"
|[[Lhotse]]
| style="text-align: right;" |{{convert|8516|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align: right;" data-sort-value="0,610" |{{convert|610|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Nepal}} Nepal}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|PRC}} China}}
| style="text-align: right;" |18 May 1956
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|CH}} [[Fritz Luchsinger]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|CH}} [[Ernst Reiss]]}}
| style="text-align: right;" |31 December 1988
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|POL}} [[Krzysztof Wielicki]]}}

|-
|[[Makalu]]
| style="text-align: right;" |{{convert|8485|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align: right;" |{{convert|2378|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Nepal}} Nepal}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|PRC}} China}}
| style="text-align: right;" |15 May 1955
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|FRA|1830}} [[Jean Couzy]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|FRA|1830}} [[Lionel Terray]]<br />on [[1955 French Makalu expedition|French expedition]]}}
| style="text-align: right;" |9 February 2009
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Simone Moro]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Denis Urubko]]}}<!--Kazakh citizen in 2009-->

|- style="background:#efefef;"
|[[Cho Oyu]]
| style="text-align: right;" |{{convert|8188|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align: right;" |{{convert|2344|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Nepal}} Nepal}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|PRC}} China}}
| style="text-align: right;" |19 October 1954
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|AUT}} {{ill|Joseph Joechler|de|Sepp Jöchler}}}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|NEP|1930}} [[Pasang Dawa Lama]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Herbert Tichy]]}}
| style="text-align: right;" |12 February 1985
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|POL}} [[Maciej Berbeka]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|POL}} [[Maciej Pawlikowski]]}}
|-
|[[Dhaulagiri|Dhaulagiri I]]
| style="text-align: right;" |{{convert|8167|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align: right;" |{{convert|3357|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Nepal}} Nepal}}
| style="text-align: right;" |13 May 1960
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Kurt Diemberger]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|FRG}} {{ill|Peter Diener|de}}}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|NEP|1930}} [[Nawang Dorje]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|NEP|1930}} [[Nima Dorje]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|CH}} [[Ernst Forrer]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|CH}} [[Albin Schelbert]]}}
| style="text-align: right;" |21 January 1985
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|POL}} [[Andrzej Czok]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|POL}} [[Jerzy Kukuczka]]}}

|- style="background:#efefef;"
|[[Manaslu]]
| style="text-align: right;" |{{convert|8163|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align: right;" |{{convert|3092|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Nepal}} Nepal}}
| style="text-align: right;" |9 May 1956
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|JPN|1947}} [[Toshio Imanishi]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|NEP|1930}} {{ill|Gyalzen Norbu|de}}}}
| style="text-align: right;" |12 January 1984
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|POL}} [[Maciej Berbeka]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|POL}} [[Ryszard Gajewski]]}}

|-
|[[Nanga Parbat]]
| style="text-align: right;" |{{convert|8125|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align: right;" |{{convert|4608|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Pakistan}} Pakistan}}
| style="text-align: right;" |3 July 1953
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Hermann Buhl]]}}<br />on [[1953 German–Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition|German–Austrian expedition]]
| style="text-align: right;" |26 February 2016
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|PAK}} [[Muhammad Ali Sadpara]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Simone Moro]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|SPA}} {{ill|Alex Txikon|es}}}}

|- style="background:#efefef;"
|[[Annapurna I]]
| style="text-align: right;" |{{convert|8091|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align: right;" |{{convert|2984|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Nepal}} Nepal}}
| style="text-align: right;" |3 June 1950
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|FRA|1830}} [[Maurice Herzog]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|FRA|1830}} [[Louis Lachenal]]}}<br />
on [[1950 French Annapurna expedition|French expedition]]
| style="text-align: right;" |3 February 1987
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|POL}} [[Jerzy Kukuczka]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|POL}} [[Artur Hajzer]]}}

|-
|[[Gasherbrum I]]<br />(Hidden Peak)
| style="text-align: right;" |{{convert|8080|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align: right;" |{{convert|2155|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Pakistan}} Pakistan}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|China}} China}}
| style="text-align: right;" |5 July 1958
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|USA|1912}} [[Andrew Kauffman]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|USA|1912}} [[Pete Schoening]]}}
| style="text-align: right;" |9 March 2012
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|POL}} [[Adam Bielecki (climber)|Adam Bielecki]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|POL}} {{ill|Janusz Gołąb|pl}}}}

|- style="background:#efefef;"
|[[Broad Peak]]
| style="text-align: right;" |{{convert|8051|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align: right;" |{{convert|1701|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Pakistan}} Pakistan}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|China}} China}}
| style="text-align: right;" |9 June 1957
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Fritz Wintersteller]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Marcus Schmuck]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Kurt Diemberger]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Hermann Buhl]]}}<br />
| style="text-align: right;" |5 March 2013
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|POL}} [[Maciej Berbeka]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|POL}} [[Adam Bielecki (climber)|Adam Bielecki]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|POL}} {{ill|Tomasz Kowalski (mountaineer)|lt=Tomasz Kowalski|pl|Tomasz Kowalski (wspinacz)}}}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|POL}} {{ill|Artur Małek|pl}}}}

|-
|[[Gasherbrum II]]
| style="text-align: right;" |{{convert|8034|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align: right;" |{{convert|1524|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Pakistan}} Pakistan}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|China}} China}}
| style="text-align: right;" |7 July 1956
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Fritz Moravec]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|AUT}} {{ill|Josef Larch|de}}}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|AUT}} {{ill|Hans Willenpart|de}}}}
| style="text-align: right;" |2 February 2011
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Simone Moro]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Denis Urubko]]}}<!--Kazakh citizen in 2011--><br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Cory Richards (climber)|Cory Richards]]}}

|- style="background:#efefef;"
|[[Shishapangma]]
| style="text-align: right;" |{{convert|8027|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align: right;" |{{convert|2897|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|China}} China}}
| style="text-align: right;" |2 May 1964
||{{nowrap|{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Xu Jing (mountaineer)|Xu Jing]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|PRC}} Chang Chun-yen}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Wang Fuzhou]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Chen San]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Cheng Tien-liang]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Wu Tsung-yue]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Sodnam Doji]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Migmar Trashi]]}}<br />{{flagicon|PRC}} Doji<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Yonten]]}}
| style="text-align: right;" |14 January 2005
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|POL}} [[Piotr Morawski]]}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Simone Moro]]}}
|}

== List of climbers of all 14 ==
{{multiple image
| align             = right
| total_width       = 510
| header            = First to climb all 14 eight-thousanders
| image1            = GianAngelo Pistoia - Reinhold Messner - Foto 1.TIF
| caption1          = [[Reinhold Messner]], first to climb all 14, and without oxygen
| image2            = Edurne Pasaban recibe el Premio Vasco Universal 2010 4 (crop).jpg
| caption2          = [[Edurne Pasaban]], the first woman to climb all 14 after [[Oh Eun-sun]]'s claim was disputed
| image3            = Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner 2015-07-02 001.jpg
| caption3          = [[Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner]], the first woman to climb all 14 without oxygen
}}
There is no single undisputed source or arbitrator for verified ascents of Himalayan eight-thousander peaks.

Various mountaineering journals, including the ''[[Alpine Journal]]'' and the ''[[American Alpine Journal]]'',  also maintain extensive records and archives on expeditions to the eight-thousanders, but do not always opine on disputed ascents, and nor do they maintain registers or lists of verified ascents of the eight-thousanders.<ref name=NYT1>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/sports/tallest-mountain-summit.html | title=What is a summit: Only 44 people have reached the summit of all 14 of the world's 8,000-meter peaks, according to the people who chronicle such things. | first=John | last=Branch | date=21 May 2021 | accessdate=10 December 2021 | newspaper=[[New York Times]] | author-link=John Branch (journalist)}}</ref><ref name=AAJ1/>

[[Elizabeth Hawley]]'s ''[[The Himalayan Database]]'',<ref name="hdb">{{cite web|url=http://www.himalayandatabase.com/|title=The Himalayan Database, The Expedition Archives of Elizabeth Hawley|publisher=[[The Himalayan Database]]|author1=Elizabeth Hawley|author-link=Elizabeth Hawley|author2=Richard Salisbury|date=2018}}</ref> is considered as an important source for verified ascents for the ''Nepalese Himalayas''.<ref name="haw1"/><ref name="haw2"/>  Online databases of Himalayan ascents pay close regard to ''The Himalayan Database'', including the website ''AdventureStats.com'',<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.adventurestats.com/#mountain|archive-url= https://archive.today/20140608202824/http://www.adventurestats.com/#mountain|url-status= usurped|archive-date= 8 June 2014|title=High Altitude Mountaineering statistics|publisher=AdventureStats.com|date=2018}}</ref> and the ''[[:de:Eberhard Jurgalski|Eberhard Jurgalski]] List''.<ref name=NYT1/><ref name=AAJ1/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.8000ers.com/cms/download.html?func=startdown&id=155|title=Climbers who have ascended to the summits of all of the world's 14 mountains over 8000 metres| publisher=8000ers.com (Eberhard Jurgalski)|date=2018}}</ref>

{{clear}}

===Verified ascents===
{{legend|#ff0|First person to summit all 14 eight-thousanders, and first to do so without supplementary oxygen}}
{{legend|#cfc|First female to summit all 14 eight-thousanders; with supplementary oxygen}}
{{legend|#cff|First female to summit all 14 eight-thousanders; no supplementary oxygen}}
{{legend|#0ff|Fastest ascent of all 14 eight-thousanders; with supplementary oxygen}}
{{legend|#0f0|Fastest ascent of all 14 eight-thousanders; no supplementary oxygen}}
{{legend|#fee7e6|Youngest person to climb all 14 eight-thousanders}}
{{legend|#fa2|First disabled person to have summited all 14 eight-thousanders}}

The "No O<sub>2</sub>" column lists people who have climbed all 14 eight-thousanders without supplementary oxygen.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+List of climbers who have summited all 14 eight-thousanders<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.8000ers.com/cms/download.html?func=startdown&id=155 |author=Eberhard Jurgalski |author-link=:de:Eberhard Jurgalski | title=Climbers – First 14 | publisher=8000ers.com |date=26 May 2012 |access-date=2014-02-21}}</ref>
!Order
!Order<br />(No O<sub>2</sub>)
!Name
!Period climbing<br />eight-thousanders
!Born
!Age
!Nationality
|-
|1
|1
|style="background:#ff0;text-align:left"|[[Reinhold Messner]]
|1970–1986
|1944
|42
|{{flagicon|Italy}} Italian
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|2
|
|[[Jerzy Kukuczka]]
|1979–1987
|1948
| 39
|{{flagicon|Poland}} Polish
|- style="background:#fff;"
|3
|2
|[[Erhard Loretan]]
|1982–1995
|1959
| 36
|{{flagicon|Switzerland}} Swiss
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|4
|<ref>Carlos Carsolio required emergency oxygen on his descent from Makalu in 1988.</ref>
|[[Carlos Carsolio]]
|1985–1996
|1962
| 33
|{{flagicon|Mexico}} Mexican
|- style="background:#fff;"
|5
|
|[[Krzysztof Wielicki]]
|1980–1996
|1950
| 46
|{{flagicon|Poland}} Polish
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|6
|3
|[[Juanito Oiarzabal]]
|1985–1999
|1956
| 43
|{{flagicon|Spain}} Spanish
|- style="background:#fff;"
|7
|
|[[Sergio Martini]]
|1983–2000
| 1949
| 51
|{{flagicon|Italy}} Italian
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|8
|
|[[Park Young-seok]]
|1993–2001
|1963
|38
|{{flagicon|South Korea}} Korean
|- style="background:#fff;"
|9
|
|[[Um Hong-gil]]
|1988–2001
|1960<ref>{{cite web
  | last = EverestNews2004.com
  | first = News (age calculated: in 2004 Hong-Gil Um was 44)
  | title = Mr. Um Hong Gil has bagged his 15th 8000 meter peak
  | url = http://www.kukuxumusu.com/web/news_nove1.php?id=36&lang=eng
  | access-date = 2008-11-30
  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090621213540/http://www.kukuxumusu.com/web/news_nove1.php?id=36&lang=eng
  | archive-date = 2009-06-21
  | url-status=dead
  }}</ref>
| 40
|{{flagicon|South Korea}} Korean
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|10
|4
|[[Alberto Iñurrategi]]
|1991–2002<ref>{{cite web
  | last = Kukuxumusu
  | first = Spanish News
  | title = Alberto Iñurrategi achieves his fourteenth "eight thousand meters"
  | url = http://www.kukuxumusu.com/web/news_nove1.php?id=36&lang=eng
  | access-date = 2008-11-30
  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090621213540/http://www.kukuxumusu.com/web/news_nove1.php?id=36&lang=eng
  | archive-date = 2009-06-21
  | url-status=dead
  }}</ref>
| 1968
| 33
|{{flagicon|Spain}} Spanish
|- style="background:#fff;"
|11
|
|[[Han Wang-yong]]
|1994–2003
|1966
|37
|{{flagicon|South Korea}} Korean
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|12
|5<ref>{{cite web
  | publisher = Mounteverest.net
  | quote = ''...the American climber became one of only five men in the world to accomplish the quest entirely without supplementary oxygen.''
  | title = Best of ExplorersWeb 2005 Awards: Ed Viesturs and Christian Kuntner
  | url = http://www.mounteverest.net/news.php?id=1332
  | access-date = 2008-11-30
  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081222000019/http://www.mounteverest.net/news.php?id=1332
  | archive-date = 2008-12-22
  | url-status=dead
  }}</ref>
|[[Ed Viesturs]]
|1989–2005
|1959
|46
|{{flagicon|USA}} American
|- style="background:#fff;"
|13
|6<ref>{{cite web
  | last = Mounteverest.net
  | quote = ''Last year, Silvio 'Gnaro' Mondinelli broke the haunted 13 when he summited the last peak on his list of 14, 8000ers – becoming only the 6th mountaineer in the world to have bagged them all without supplementary oxygen.''
  | title = The wolf is back: Gnaro bags Baruntse
  | url = http://www.mounteverest.net/news.php?id=17691
  | access-date = 2008-11-30
  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081028140452/http://www.mounteverest.net/news.php?id=17691
  | archive-date = 2008-10-28
  | url-status=dead
  }}</ref><ref>
{{cite web
  | publisher = PlanetMountain.com
  | quote = ''13/07 interview with Silvio Mondinelli after the summit of his 14th 8000m peak without supplementary oxygen.''
  | title = The day after: Silvio Mondinelli, Broad Peak and all 14 8000m summits
  | url= http://www.planetmountain.com/english/News/shownews.lasso?l=2&keyid=35710
  | access-date = 2008-11-30
  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
  | publisher = Mounteverest.net
  | quote = Implied in text: ''...Following Italian Silvio "Gnaro" Mondinelli last year and American Ed Viesturs in 2005, Ivan also became only the seventh mountaineer in the world to have done them all without supplementary oxygen.''
  | title = The 14th knight: Ecuadorian Ivan Vallejo is ready to continue
  | url = http://www.k2climb.net/news.php?id=17248
  | access-date = 2008-11-30
  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080511145044/http://www.k2climb.net/news.php?id=17248
  | archive-date = 2008-05-11
  | url-status=dead
  }}</ref>
|[[Silvio Mondinelli]]
|1993–2007
|1958
|49
|{{flagicon|Italy}} Italian
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|14
|7<ref>{{cite web
  | publisher = Mounteverest.net
  | quote = ''...Ivan also became only the seventh mountaineer in the world to have done them all without supplementary oxygen.''
  | title = The 14th knight: Ecuadorian Ivan Vallejo is ready to continue
  | url = http://www.k2climb.net/news.php?id=17248
  | access-date = 2008-11-30
  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080511145044/http://www.k2climb.net/news.php?id=17248
  | archive-date = 2008-05-11
  | url-status=dead
  }}</ref>
|[[Iván Vallejo]]
|1997–2008
|1959
|49
|{{flagicon|Ecuador}} Ecuadorian
|- style="background:#fff;"
|15
|8<ref>
{{cite web
  | publisher = PlanetMountain.com
  | title = Denis Urubko, Cho Oyu and all 14 8000m peaks
  | url= http://www.planetmountain.com/english/News/shownews1.lasso?l=2&keyid=36767
  | access-date = 2009-05-18
  }}</ref>
|[[Denis Urubko]]
|2000–2009 
|1973
|35 
|{{flagicon|KAZ}} Kazakhstani
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|16
|
|[[Ralf Dujmovits]]
|1990–2009
|1961<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ralf-dujmovits.de/biografie.php |title=Ralf Dujmovits |publisher=Ralf-dujmovits.de |access-date=2010-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100715141737/http://www.ralf-dujmovits.de/biografie.php |archive-date=2010-07-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|47
|{{flagicon|Germany}} German
|- style="background:#fff;"
|17<ref>{{cite web |url=https://explorersweb.com/everest_k2/news.php?id=18539 |title=GI summits - Veikka Gustafsson completes the 14x8000ers list! |publisher=Explorersweb.com |access-date=26 July 2022}}</ref>
|9<ref>{{cite web |url=https://explorersweb.com/stats/news.php?id=18964 |title=Best of ExplorersWeb 2009 Awards: the 14x8000ers |publisher=Explorersweb.com |access-date=26 July 2022}}</ref>
|[[Veikka Gustafsson]]
|1993–2009 
|1968
|41
|{{flagicon|Finland}} Finnish
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|18<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.andrew-lock.com/summit-8000.shtml |title=Summit 8000 – Andrew Lock's quest to climb all fourteen of the highest mountains in the world |publisher=Andrew-lock.com |access-date=2010-04-14 |archive-date=5 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305033025/http://andrew-lock.com/summit-8000.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|
|[[Andrew Lock]]
|1993–2009
|1961<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.andrew-lock.com |title=Australia's Most Accomplished Mountaineer |publisher=Andrew Lock |date=2 October 2009 |access-date=2010-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707160749/http://andrew-lock.com/ |archive-date=7 July 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|48
|{{flagicon|Australia}} Australian
|- style="background:#fff;"
|19
|10
|[[João Garcia]]
|1993–2010
|1967
|43
|{{flagicon|Portugal}} Portuguese
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|20<ref>{{cite web|url=http://explorersweb.com/everest_k2/news.php?id=19295|title=Piotr Pustelnik summits Annapurna – bags the 14x8000ers!|publisher=Explorersweb.com|access-date=2014-02-21|archive-date=10 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310233641/http://explorersweb.com/everest_k2/news.php?id=19295|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|
|[[Piotr Pustelnik]]
|1990–2010
|1951
|58
|{{flagicon|Poland}} Polish
|- style="background:#fff;"
|21<ref>{{cite web|url=http://explorersweb.com/everest_k2/news.php?id=19361|title=Shisha Pangma: Edurne Pasaban summits – completes the 14x800ers|publisher=Explorersweb.com|access-date=2014-02-21|archive-date=18 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418152401/http://www.explorersweb.com/everest_k2/news.php?id=19361|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|
|style="background:#cfc;text-align:left"|[[Edurne Pasaban]]
|2001–2010
|1973
|36
|{{flagicon|Spain}} Spanish
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|22<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.planetmountain.com/english/News/shownews1.lasso?keyid=38110 |title=Abele Blanc summits Annapurna and all 8000ers|publisher=Planetmountain.com|access-date=2014-02-21}}</ref>
|
|[[Abele Blanc]]
|1992–2011<ref name="8000ers.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.8000ers.com/cms/en/download.html?func=fileinfo&id=155 |title=Climbers - First 14, updated table on 8000ers.com|publisher=8000ers.com|access-date=2014-02-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mounteverest.net/story/ChristianKuntner-amountaineeringlegendisgoneMay182005.shtml |title=Everest – Mount Everest by climbers, news |publisher=Mounteverest.net |date=18 May 2005 |access-date=2014-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120708033006/http://www.mounteverest.net/story/ChristianKuntner-amountaineeringlegendisgoneMay182005.shtml |archive-date=8 July 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|1954
|56
|{{flagicon|ITA}} Italian
|- style="background:#fff;"
|23
|
|[[Mingma Sherpa (mountaineer)|Mingma Sherpa]]
|2000–2011<ref name="8000ers.com"/>
|1978
|33
|{{flagicon|Nepal}} Nepali
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|24 
|11
|style="background:#cff;text-align:left"|[[Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner]]
|1998–2011<ref name="8000ers.com"/>
|1970
|40
|{{flagicon|AUT}} Austrian
|- style="background:#fff;"
|25
|
|{{ill|Vassily Pivtsov|de|Wassili Piwzow}}
|2001–2011<ref name="8000ers.com"/>
|1975
|36
|{{flagicon|KAZ}} Kazakhstani
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|26
|12
|[[Maxut Zhumayev]]
|2001–2011<ref name="8000ers.com"/>
|1977
|34
|{{flagicon|KAZ}} Kazakhstani
|- style="background:#fff;"
|27
|
|{{ill|Kim Jae-soo|de}}
|2000–2011<ref name="8000ers.com"/>
|1961
|50
|{{flagicon|South Korea}} Korean
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|28<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.montagna.tv/cms/?p=40662|title=Mario Panzeri: sono in cima! E finalmente sono 14 ottomila|publisher=Montagna.tv|access-date=2014-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102005649/http://www3.montagna.tv/cms/?p=40662|archive-date=2013-11-02|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|13
|Mario Panzeri
|1988–2012
|1964
|48
|{{flagicon|Italy}} Italian
|- style="background:#fff;"
|29<ref name="nikkei0526">{{cite web|url=http://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZZO41829260V20C12A5000000/ |title=日本人初の快挙、8000m峰14座登頂 竹内洋岳|date=26 May 2012 |publisher=Nikkei.com|access-date=2014-02-21}}</ref>
|
|[[Hirotaka Takeuchi (mountaineer)|Hirotaka Takeuchi]]
|1995–2012<ref name="nikkei0526"/>
|1971
|41
|{{flagicon|Japan}} Japanese
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|30
|
|[[Chhang Dawa Sherpa (mountaineer)|Chhang Dawa Sherpa]]
|2001–2013<ref name="8000ers.com"/>
|1982
|30
|{{flagicon|Nepal}} Nepali
|- style="background:#fff;"
|31
|14
|style="background:#0f0;text-align:left"|[[Kim Chang-Ho (climber)|Kim Chang-ho]]
|2005–2013<ref name="8000ers.com"/>
|1970
|43
|{{flagicon|South Korea}} Korean
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|32
|
|{{ill|Jorge Egocheaga|eu}}
|2002–2014<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.8000ers.com/cms/download.html?func=startdown&id=155 |title=Climbers – First 14 |publisher=8000ers.com |date=13 August 2014 |access-date=2014-08-13}}</ref>
|1968
|45
|{{flagicon|Spain}} Spanish
|- style="background:#fff;"
|33
|15
|[[Radek Jaroš]]
|1998–2014<ref name="8000ers.com"/>
|1964
|50
|{{flagicon| Czech Republic }} Czech
|-
|34/35<ref name="meroi">Nives Meroi and Romano Benet climbed all the Eight-thousanders together, it wasn't revealed if one of them climbed the last peak a few moments before the other, thus they share the same position</ref>
|16/17<ref name="meroi" />
|[[Nives Meroi]]
|1998–2017<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.planetmountain.com/en/news/alpinism/nives-meroi-and-romano-benet-summit-annapurna-their-14th-8000er.html|title=Nives Meroi and Romano Benet summit Annapurna, their 14th 8000er|work=PlanetMountain.com|access-date=2017-05-11|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.sta.si/2385964/nives-meroi-in-roman-benet-preplezala-14-osemtisocakov|title=Nives Meroi in Roman Benet preplezala 14 osemtisočakov|work=Sta.si|access-date=2017-05-11|language=sl}}</ref>
|1961
|55
|{{flagicon|Italy}} Italian
|-
|34/35<ref name="meroi" />
|16/17<ref name="meroi" />
|{{ill|Romano Benet|it}}
|1998–2017<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.delo.si/zgodbe/nedeljskobranje/slovenec-s-15-osemtisocaka.html|title=Slovenec s 15. osemtisočaka|work=Delo.si|access-date=2017-05-11|language=sl}}</ref>
|1962
|55
|{{flagicon|Italy}} Italian / {{flagicon|Slovenia}} Slovenian
|-
|36
|
|{{ill|Peter Hámor|sk}}
|1998–2017<ref>{{cite web|url=http://skrsi.rtvs.sk/clanky/spravy/133615/pokoril-vsetky-osemtisicovky |title=Pokoril všetky osemtisícovky |publisher=skrsi.rtvs.sk |date=16 May 2017 |access-date=2017-05-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.montagna.tv/108135/e-vetta-per-peter-hamor-con-il-dhaulagiri-sono-14-anche-per-lui/ |title=È vetta per Peter Hamor. Con il Dhaulagiri sono 14 anche per lui |language=it |publisher=www.montagna.tv |date=15 May 2017 |access-date=2021-12-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://spectator.sme.sk/c/20013308/hzds-flag-flies-from-everest-summit.html |author=Tom Nicholson |title=HZDS flag flies from Everest summit |publisher=spectator.sme.sk |date=4 June 1998 |access-date=2021-12-28}}</ref>
|1964
|52
|{{flagicon|Slovakia}} Slovak
|-
|37
|18
|[[Azim Gheychisaz]]
|2008–2017<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yjc.ir/fa/news/6093547/%D9%82%DB%8C%DA%86%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%87-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B4%D8%AF%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D9%87%D8%B4%D8%AA-%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA |title=قیچی‌ساز حماسه ساز شد/کوهنورد تبریزی به هشت هزاری‌ها پیوست |publisher=yjc |date=19 May 2017|access-date=2017-05-19}}</ref>
|1981
|37
|{{flagicon|Iran}} Iranian
|- style="background:#fff;"
|38
|
|[[Ferran Latorre]]
|1999–2017<ref>{{cite web|url=http://desnivel.com/expediciones/ferran-latorre-completa-los-catorce-ochomiles-en-el-everest|title=Ferran Latorre completa los catorce ochomiles en el Everest|publisher=desnivel.com|date=27 May 2017|access-date=2017-05-27|language=es|archive-date=5 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705061639/http://desnivel.com/expediciones/ferran-latorre-completa-los-catorce-ochomiles-en-el-everest|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|1970
|46
|{{flagicon|Spain}} Spanish
|-
|39
|19
|[[Òscar Cadiach]]
|1984–2017<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lavanguardia.com/deportes/otros-deportes/20170727/43126255449/alpinismo-oscar-cadiach-14-ochomiles-broad-peak.html|title=Cadiach, camino del campo 3 tras coronar el Broad Peak|publisher=La Vanguardia|date=27 July 2017|access-date=2017-07-27|language=es}}</ref>
|1952
|64
|{{flagicon|Spain}} Spanish
|-
|40
|
|Kim Mi-gon
|2000–2018<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mountainjournal.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=183|title=김미곤 히말라야 14봉 등정 보고회 열려|publisher=Mountain Journal|date=27 July 2018|access-date=2019-11-26|language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://gripped.com/news/south-korean-climbs-nanga-parbat-completes-8000ers/|title=South Korean Climbs Nanga Parbat, Completes 8,000ers|publisher=Gripped|date=12 July 2018|access-date=2019-11-26}}</ref>
|1973
| 45
|{{flagicon|South Korea}} Korean
|-
|41
|
|[[Sanu Sherpa]]
|2006–2019<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/sanu-sherpa-becomes-third-nepali-to-complete-14-peaks-as-sergi-mingote-scales-7-mountains-in-444-days/|title=Sanu Sherpa becomes third Nepali to complete 14 peaks as Sergi Mingote scales 7 mountains in 444 days|publisher=The Himalayan Times|date=3 October 2019|access-date=2019-11-11}}</ref>
|1975
| 44
|{{flagicon|Nepal}} Nepali
|-
|42
|
|[[Nirmal Purja]]
|2014–2019<ref name=NG/><ref name="Wanderlust">{{cite web|url=http://www.dreamwanderlust.com/news/nirmal-purja-summits-5th-eight-thousander-in-12-days-ends-1st-phase-of-project-possible|title=Nirmal Purja summits 5th eight-thousander in 12 days, ends 1st phase of 'Project Possible'|date=May 24, 2019|publisher=Dreamwanderlust.com.com|author=Dream Wanderlust|access-date=May 26, 2019}}</ref>{{efn|Nirmal Purja climbed all fourteen 8,000m peaks between April 2019 and October 2019, but climbed his first, Dhaulagiri, in 2014.}}
|1983
| 36
|{{flagicon|UK}}British{{r|NP|KP|CNA}}
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|43
|
|[[Mingma Gyabu Sherpa]]
|2010–2019<ref>{{cite web|url=https://explorersweb.com/2019/10/29/reflections-while-waiting-for-news-from-shishapangma/|title=Reflections While Waiting for News from Shishapangma|publisher=Explorersweb.com|date=29 October 2019|access-date=2019-11-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/10/29/774350376/nepalese-climber-summits-worlds-14-highest-peaks-in-6-months-smashing-record|title=Nepalese Climber Summits World's 14 Highest Peaks in 6 Months, Smashing Record|website=[[NPR]]}}</ref>
|1989
| 30
|{{flagicon|Nepal}} Nepali
|- style="background:#fff;"
|44
|
|style="background:#fa2;text-align:left"|[[Kim Hong-bin]]
|2006–2021<ref name="TimesUnion">{{cite web|url=https://www.timesunion.com/sports/article/South-Korean-missing-after-fall-while-scaling-16325874.php |author=Munir Ahmed |title=South Korean missing after fall while scaling Pakistani peak |work=Times Union |date=20 July 2021 |access-date=2021-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720123713/https://www.timesunion.com/sports/article/South-Korean-missing-after-fall-while-scaling-16325874.php |archive-date=20 July 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="TheKoreaTimes">{{cite web|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/sports/2021/07/600_312429.html |title=Fingerless Korean goes missing after achieving the feat of climbing all 14 Himalayan peaks |work=The Korea Times |date=20 July 2021 |access-date=2021-07-20 }}</ref><ref name="AdventureMountain">{{cite web|url=https://abenteuer-berg.de/en/kim-hong-bin-without-fingers-on-13-eight-thousanders/ |author=Stefan Nestler |title=Kim Hong-bin: Without fingers on 13 eight-thousanders |work=Adventure Mountain |date=10 July 2019 |access-date=2021-07-20}}</ref>
|1964
|57
|{{flagicon|South Korea}} Korean
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|45
|
|Nima Gyalzen Sherpa
|2004–2022<ref>{{cite web |url=https://everestchronicle.com/nima-gyalzen-sherpa-becomes-the-6th-nepali-in-the-14-peaks-club/ |title= Nima Gyalzen Sherpa becomes the 6th Nepali in the 14 Peaks club |publisher=everestchronicle.com |date= 11 August 2022|access-date=2022-08-18 |archive-url=  https://web.archive.org/web/20220811215622/https://everestchronicle.com/nima-gyalzen-sherpa-becomes-the-6th-nepali-in-the-14-peaks-club/ |archive-date=2022-08-11|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/ampArticle/1014468 |title=Nima Gyalzen completes 14 peaks as Grace Tseng, Kristin Harila scale G-I |publisher=thehimalayantimes.com |date=11 August 2022 |access-date=18 August 2022}}</ref>
|1985
| 37
|{{flagicon|Nepal}} Nepali
|-
|46
|
|Dong Hong Juan
|2015–2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=Benavides |first=Angela |date=2023-04-26 |title=Dong Hong Juan Climbs Shishapangma; May Be the First Woman to Summit all 14 8,000'ers » Explorersweb |url=https://explorersweb.com/dong-hong-juan-shishapangma-first-woman/ |access-date=2023-05-04 |website=Explorersweb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-01 |title=China's Dong becomes first woman to conquer all 14 peaks above-8,000m |url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202305/01/WS644fb676a310b6054fad0a6f.html |access-date=2023-06-04 |website=Chinadaily.com |language=en}}</ref>
|1981
|42
|{{Flagicon|China}} Chinese
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|47
|
| style="background:#0ff;text-align:left" |[[Kristin Harila]]
|2021–2023<ref>{{cite news |url=https://everestchronicle.com/kristin-harila-scales-mount-shishapangma/ |title=Kristin Harila scales Mount Shishapangma |publisher=everestchronicle.com |date=26 April 2023 |access-date=2023-05-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-03 |title=Kristin Harila completes 14 peaks as she scales Cho Oyu |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/kristin-harila-completes-14-peaks-as-she-scales-cho-oyu |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=The Himalayan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|1986
|37
|{{Flagicon|Norway}} Norwegian
|- style="background:#fff;"
|48
|
|{{ill|Sophie Lavaud|fr}}
|2012–2023<ref name="TimeNews">{{cite web |url=https://time.news/sophie-lavaud-first-french-mountaineer-to-climb-all-the-peaks-over-8000-m-on-the-planet-liberation/ |title=Sophie Lavaud, first French mountaineer to climb all the peaks over 8,000 m on the planet – Liberation |work=Time News |date=26 June 2023 |access-date=2023-06-28 }}</ref><ref name="RFI">{{cite web |url=https://www.rfi.fr/en/international/20230626-sophie-lavaud-becomes-first-french-person-to-climb-world-s-highest-peaks |title=Sophie Lavaud becomes first French person to climb world's highest peaks |work=RFI |date=26 June 2023 |access-date=2023-06-28 }}</ref><ref name="Explorersweb_2023_06_26">{{Cite web |last=Benavides |first=Angela |date=2023-06-26 |title=Nanga Parbat Summits » Explorersweb |url=https://explorersweb.com/nanga-parbat-summits/ |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=Explorersweb}}</ref><ref name="EverestChronicle_2023_06_26">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-26 |title=A 17-year-old Nepali teenager scales the 'Killer Mountain' |url=https://everestchronicle.com/a-17-year-old-nepali-teenager-scales-the-killer-mountain/ |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=Everest Chronicle}}</ref>
|1968
|55
|{{flagicon|Swiss}} Swiss / {{flagicon|France}} French / {{flagicon|Canada}} Canadian
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|49
|
|[[Tunç Fındık]]
|2001–2023<ref name="Explorersweb_2023_06_26" /><ref name="EverestChronicle_2023_06_26" />
|1972
|51
|{{flagicon|Turkey}} Turkish
|- style="background:#fff;"
|50
|
| style="background:#0ff;text-align:left" |[[Tenjen Sherpa|Tenjen Lama Sherpa]]
|2016–2023<ref name="AlanA2023">{{Cite web |date=2023-07-27 |last=Arnette |first=Alan |title=K2 2023 Coverage: Kristin Harila gets K2 for her Last 8000er |url=https://www.alanarnette.com/blog/2023/07/27/k2-2023-coverage-kristin-harila-gets-k2-for-her-last-8000er/ |access-date=2023-07-27 |website=alanarnette.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name="K2_2023_1">{{Cite web |date=2023-07-27 |title=Kristin Harila, Tenjen Sherpa world's fastest to climb 14 peaks in 92 days |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/kristin-harila-tenjen-sherpa-worlds-fastest-to-climb-14-peaks-in-92-days |access-date=2023-07-27 |website=The Himalayan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Seven Sumit Treks">{{cite web |url=https://www.sevensummittreks.com/team/field-staffs/tenjen-sherpa-lama/ |title=Seven Summit Treks Tenjen Sherpa (Lama) |access-date=2023-07-30 |archive-date=28 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728013647/https://www.sevensummittreks.com/team/field-staffs/tenjen-sherpa-lama |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|
|35<ref name="k2_2023_4">{{Cite web |date=2023-07-27 |author=Gopal Sharma |title=Norwegian woman, Nepali sherpa become world's fastest to climb all 14 tallest peaks |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/norwegian-woman-nepali-sherpa-become-worlds-fastest-climb-all-14-tallest-peaks-2023-07-27/ |access-date=2023-07-28 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref>
|{{flagicon|Nepal}} Nepali
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|51
|
|Gelje Sherpa
|2017–2023<ref name="Gelje_1" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://everestchronicle.com/gelje-sherpa-joins-the-14-peak-club/ |title= Gelje Sherpa joins the 14 peak club with summit on Cho Oyu; Nima Rinji sets youngest climber record |publisher=everestchronicle.com |date= 6 October 2023|access-date=2023-10-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://whatthenepal.com/2023/10/06/nepali-and-pakistani-climbers-make-history-on-cho-oyu/ |title=Nepali and Pakistani Climbers Make History on Cho Oyu |publisher=whatthenepal.com |date= 6 October 2023 |access-date=2023-10-24}}</ref>
|1992<ref name="Gelje_1">{{cite web|url=https://www.dreamwanderlust.com/news/after-k2-in-winter-gelje-sherpa-aims-to-become-the-youngest-to-climb-all-14-8ks |title=After K2 in Winter, Gelje Sherpa (28) aims to become the youngest to climb all 14 8Ks |author=Dream Wanderlust |publisher=DreamWanderlust.com |date=30 March 2021 |access-date=2023-11-02}}</ref>
|30
|{{flagicon|Nepal}} Nepali
|- style="background:#fff;"
|52
|
|Chris Warner
|1999–2023<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.outsideonline.com/outdoor-adventure/everest/this-climber-just-became-the-second-american-to-summit-every-8000-meter-peak/|title=This Climber Just Became the Second American to climb Every 8,000 Meter Peak |magazine=[[Outside (magazine)|Outside]]| date=22 September 2023|access-date=20 March 2024 | first=Jake | last=Stern}}</ref>
|1965
|58
|{{flagicon|USA}} American
|-
|53
|20
|Marco Camandona
|2000–2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-30 |title=Camandona completa la collezione degli ottomila, "quasi un gioco" - Notizie - Ansa.it |url=https://www.ansa.it/valledaosta/notizie/2024/07/30/camandona-completa-collezione-degli-ottomila-quasi-un-gioco_7382c518-03b1-493e-a7ff-97877769fcd2.html |access-date=2024-07-30 |website=Agenzia ANSA |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Annapurna |first=Kris |date=2024-07-30 |title=More Summits on K2, Broad Peak, Gasherbrum II |url=https://explorersweb.com/more-summits-on-k2-broad-peak-gasherbrum-ii/ |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=ExplorersWeb}}</ref>
|1970
|54
|{{flagicon|Italy}} Italian
|-
|54
|
|[[Sirbaz Khan]]
|2017–2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sirbaz Khan becomes first Pakistani to conquer 14 world's highest peaks |url=https://www.geosuper.tv/latest/39357-sirbaz-khan-becomes-first-pakistani-to-conquer-14-worlds-highest-peaks |access-date=2024-10-04 |website=www.geosuper.tv |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-03 |title=Sirbaz to become first Pakistani to summit 14 eight-thousanders |url=https://www.app.com.pk/domestic/sirbaz-to-become-first-pakistani-to-summit-14-eight-thousanders/ |access-date=2024-10-04 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sirbaz Khan to Become First Pakistani Mountaineer to Summit All 14 Eight-Thousanders |url=https://propakistani.pk/2024/10/03/sirbaz-khan-to-become-first-pakistani-mountaineer-to-summit-all-14-eight-thousanders/}}</ref><ref name="ImagineNepal_2024_10">{{cite web |url=https://imagine-nepal.com/shishapangma-summit-2024 |title=Imagine Nepal: 11 climbers reach the true summit, where five of them complete all 14 highest peaks, and Mingma G sets an oxygen-free record. |publisher=imagine-nepal.com |date=2024-10-04 |access-date=2024-10-13 |language=en}}</ref>
|1987
|37
|{{flagicon|PAK}} Pakistani
|-
|55
|
|[[Tracee Metcalfe]]
|2016–4 October 2024<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Benavides |first=Angela |date=2024-10-07 |title=Tracee Metcalfe Becomes First U.S. Woman to Climb the World's Highest Peaks » Explorersweb |url=https://explorersweb.com/tracee-metcalfe-becomes-first-u-s-woman-to-climb-the-worlds-highest-peaks/ |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=Explorersweb}}</ref><ref name="ImagineNepal_2024_10" />
|
|50<ref name=":2" />
|{{flagicon|USA}} American
|-
|56
|
|[[Naoki Ishikawa (photographer)|Naoki Ishikawa]]
|<ref name="ImagineNepal_2024_10" />
|
|
|{{flagicon|Japan}} Japanese
|-
|57
|
|Dawa Gyalje Sherpa
|<ref name="ImagineNepal_2024_10" />
|
|
|{{flagicon|Nepal}} Nepali
|-
|58
|21
|Mingma Gyalje Sherpa
|<ref name="ImagineNepal_2024_10" />
|
|
|{{flagicon|Nepal}} Nepali
|-
|59
|
|Adrian Laza
|2016–9 October 2024<ref name="THT_2024_10" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-30 |title=Reuşită în Himalaya. Adrian Laza, alt optmiar cucerit. „Este un alt fel de om. Nu face parte din această lume“ FOTO |url=https://adevarul.ro/stiri-locale/piatra-neamt/reusita-in-himalaya-adrian-laza-alt-optmiar-2271473.html |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=adevarul.ro |language=ro}}</ref>
|1963
|60
|{{flagicon|Romania}} Romanian
|-
|60
|
| style="background:#fee7e6;text-align:left" |[[Nima Rinji Sherpa]]
|2022-2024<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-10-09 |title=Nima Rinji becomes world's youngest to scale all 14 peaks |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/nima-rinji-becomes-worlds-youngest-to-scale-all-14-peaks |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=The Himalayan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Benavides |first=Angela |date=2024-09-28 |title=No Oxygen Claims Create Uncertainty on Shisha Pangma » Explorersweb |url=https://explorersweb.com/no-oxygen-claims-create-uncertainty-on-shisha-pangma/ |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=Explorersweb}}</ref>
|2006<ref>https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/771970-youngest-person-to-climb-the-higher-8-000ers-male</ref>
|18
|{{flagicon|Nepal}} Nepali
|-
|61
|22
|{{ill|Mario Vielmo|it}}
|1998-2024<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://corrieredelveneto.corriere.it/notizie/vicenza/cronaca/24_ottobre_10/mario-vielmo-come-messner-ha-conquistato-anche-l-ultimo-ottomila-2e3cf537-0e2e-47f6-9b31-c2daa301fxlk.shtml?refresh_ce|title=Mario Vielmo come Messner, l'alpinista ha conquistato anche l’ultimo Ottomila|publisher=Corriere della Sera|date=10 October 2024|access-date=2024-10-10|language=it}}</ref>
|1964
|60
|{{flagicon|Italy}} Italian
|-
|62
|
|{{ill|Dorota Rasińska-Samoćko|pl}}
|2021-2024<ref name="PSOnet">{{cite web |url=https://przegladsportowy.onet.pl/wspinaczka-sportowa/pierwsza-polka-z-korona-himalajow-i-karakorum-to-sie-naprawde-stalo-brawo/l0sk2zq |author=Maciej Skorupa |title=Pierwsza Polka z Koroną Himalajów i Karakorum! To się naprawdę stało, brawo! |publisher=przegladsportowy.onet.pl |date=2024-10-09 |access-date=2024-10-09|language=pl}}</ref><ref name="Wspinanie2024_10">{{cite web |url=https://wspinanie.pl/2024/10/shisha-pangma-dorota-rasinska-samocko-korona/ |title=Shisha Pangma: Dorota Rasińska-Samoćko wchodzi na szczyt i zdobywa Koronę Himalajów i Karakorum |publisher=wspinanie.pl |date=2024-10-09 |access-date=2024-10-09|language=pl}}</ref><ref name="THT_2024_10">{{cite web|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/seven-summit-treks-announce-100-summit-success-on-shisha-pangma |title=Seven Summit Treks announces 100% summit success on Shisha Pangma |publisher=thehimalayantimes.com |date=2024-10-09 |access-date=2024-10-09 |language=en}}</ref>
|
|
|{{flagicon|Poland}} Polish
|-
|63
|
|[[Adriana Brownlee]]
|2021-2024<ref name="THT_2024_10">{{cite web|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/seven-summit-treks-announce-100-summit-success-on-shisha-pangma |title=Seven Summit Treks announces 100% summit success on Shisha Pangma |publisher=thehimalayantimes.com |date=2024-10-09 |access-date=2024-10-09 |language=en}}</ref>
|2001
|23
|{{flagicon|UK}} British
|-
|64
|
|Alasdair McKenzie
|2022-2024<ref name="THT_2024_10" />
|2004
|20
|{{flagicon|France}} French / {{flagicon|UK}} British
|-
|65
|
|Alina Pekova
|2023–2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-09 |title=More than a dozen newcomers to the list of climbers with all 14 eight-thousanders |url=https://abenteuer-berg.de/en/more-than-a-dozen-newcomers-to-the-list-of-climbers-with-all-14-eight-thousanders/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=abenteuer-berg.de |language=en}}</ref><ref name="THT_2024_10" />
|
|
|{{flagicon|Russia}} Russian
|-
|66
|
|[[Shehroze Kashif]]
|2019-2024<ref>https://tribune.com.pk/story/2501668/shehroze-kashif-sets-record-as-youngest-pakistani-to-summit-all-14-peaks</ref><ref>https://www.dawn.com/news/1864091</ref><ref>https://thefridaytimes.com/09-Oct-2024/shehroze-kashif-becomes-youngest-pakistani-to-summit-all-8-000m-mountains</ref>
|2002
|22
|{{flagicon|PAK}} Pakistani
|-
|67
|
|[[Mingtemba Sherpa]]
|2013-2024<ref>https://www.nimsdai.com/post/breaking-kathmandu-celebration-for-nimsdai-team-and-fellow-record-breaking-nepalis</ref><ref>https://everestchronicle.com/adriana-brownlee-becomes-youngest-female-climber-to-complete-14-peaks/</ref>
|
|
|{{flagicon|Nepal}} Nepali
|-
|68
|
|[[Pasang Nurbu Sherpa]]
|2016-2024<ref>https://www.nimsdai.com/post/breaking-kathmandu-celebration-for-nimsdai-team-and-fellow-record-breaking-</ref><ref>https://tourismmail.com/news/detail/102716/</ref><ref>https://everestchronicle.com/nima-rinji-sherpa-becomes-youngest-to-summit-14-highest-peaks/</ref>
|
|
|{{flagicon|Nepal}} Nepali
|-
|}

=== Disputed ascents===
Claims have been made for summiting all 14 peaks for which not enough evidence was provided to verify the ascent; the disputed ascent in each claim is shown in parentheses in the table below.  In most cases, the Himalayan chronicler [[Elizabeth Hawley]] is considered a definitive source regarding the facts of the dispute. Her ''[[The Himalayan Database]]'' is the source for other online Himalayan ascent databases (e.g. AdventureStats.com).<ref name="haw1">If a mountaineer wants worldwide recognition that they have reached the summit of some of the most formidable mountains in the world, they will need to get the approval of Elizabeth Hawley.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-10268549|title=Elizabeth Hawley, unrivalled Himalayan record keeper|work=BBC News|date=29 August 2010}}</ref><ref name="haw2">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/26/obituaries/elizabeth-hawley-who-chronicled-everest-treks-dies-at-94.html|title=Elizabeth Hawley, Who Chronicled Everest Treks, Dies at 94|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=26 January 2018}}</ref>  The  ''Eberhard Jurgalski List'' is also another important source for independent verification of claims to have summited all 14 eight-thousanders.<ref name=NYT1/><ref name=AAJ1/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!width=530px|Name and details
!Period climbing<br />eight-thousanders
!Born
!Age
!Nationality
|-
|{{ill|Fausto De Stefani|it}} (Lhotse 1997)<ref name="liz2">{{cite web | url= http://www.himalayandatabase.com/downloads/EAH%20Seasonal%20Stories.pdf|page=274|title=Seasonal Stories for the Nepalese Himalaya 1985–2014|author=Elizabeth Hawley|author-link=Elizabeth Hawley|date=2014|publisher=[[The Himalayan Database]]|quote=But a South Korean climber, who followed in their footprints on the crusted snow three days later [in 1997] in clearer weather, did not consider that they actually gained the top. While [Sergio] Martini and [Fausto] De Stefani indicated they were perhaps only a few meters below it, Park Young-Seok claimed that their footprints stopped well before the top, perhaps 30 meters below a small fore-summit and 150 vertical meters below the highest summit. Now in 2000 [Sergio] Martini was back again, and this time he definitely summited Lhotse.}}</ref><br />{{small|His partner [[Sergio Martini]] reclimbed Lhotse in 2000 to verify his 14, see above.}}
|1983–1998
|1952
|46
|{{flagicon|Italy}} Italian
|-
|[[Alan Hinkes]] (Cho Oyu 1990)<ref>{{cite web
  | last = AdventureStats.net
  | first = Official records
  | title = Climbers that have summited 10 to 13 of the 14 Main-8000ers
  | url = http://www.adventurestats.com/tables/10-13_8000er.shtml
  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070803232853/http://www.adventurestats.com/tables/10-13_8000er.shtml
  | url-status = usurped
  | archive-date = 3 August 2007
  | access-date = 2008-11-30 }}</ref><ref name="liz">{{cite web|url=http://www.himalayandatabase.com/downloads/EAH%20Seasonal%20Stories.pdf|page=347|title=Seasonal Stories for the Nepalese Himalaya 1985–2014|author=Elizabeth Hawley|author-link=Elizabeth Hawley|publisher=[[The Himalayan Database]]|date=2014|quote=But his claim to have now climbed all 8000ers is open to question. In April 1990 he and others reached the summit plateau of Cho Oyu. It was misty so they could not see well; nine years later Hinkes said he had “wandered around for a while” in the summit area but could see very little and eventually descended to join the others, one of whom said they had not reached the top.}}</ref><br />{{small|Hinkes rejected Hawley's decision to "unrecognise" his ascent, see "[[Alan Hinkes#Cho Oyu dispute|Cho Oyu dispute]]".}}
|1987–2005
| 1954
| 53
|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} British
|-
|[[Vladislav Terzyul]] (Shishapangma (West) 2000, Broad Peak 1995<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.russianclimb.com/persons/terzyul.html|title=Vladislav Terz|website=www.russianclimb.com|access-date=2016-04-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.adventurestats.com/tables/10-13_8000er.shtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070803232853/http://www.adventurestats.com/tables/10-13_8000er.shtml|url-status=usurped|archive-date=3 August 2007|title=AdventureStats – by Explorersweb|website=www.adventurestats.com|access-date=2016-04-28}}</ref>)<ref>
{{cite web
  | last = Russianclimb.com
  | first = Mountaineering World of Russia & CIS
  | title = Vladislav Terzyul, List of ascents
  | url = http://www.russianclimb.com/persons/terzyul.html
  | access-date = 2009-10-06 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.everestnews2004.com/everestnews4/missingonmaklau2004.htm |title=Sad results on Makalu and Unanswered Questions: 1 missing climber and 1 passed away on Makalu |publisher=Everestnews2004.com |access-date=2014-02-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512112330/http://www.everestnews2004.com/everestnews4/missingonmaklau2004.htm |archive-date=12 May 2012 }}</ref><br />{{small|As he did not claim the main summit of Shishapangma, this status is unlikely to change.}}
|1993–2004<br />(deceased)
|1953
|49
|{{flagicon|Ukraine}} Ukrainian
|-
|[[Oh Eun-sun]] (Kangchenjunga 2009)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://explorersweb.com/everest_k2/news.php?id=19284 |title=Everest K2 News ExplorersWeb – More dark clouds mounting on Anna summit push; Miss Oh's Kanchen summit "disputed" after renewed accusations |publisher=Explorersweb.com |date=26 April 2010 |access-date=2014-01-21 |archive-date=15 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315125813/http://explorersweb.com/everest_k2/news.php?id=19284 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="bbc">{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-10266282 | work=BBC News | title=New doubts over Korean Oh Eun-Sun's climbing record, Hawley to investigate | date=27 August 2010}}</ref><ref>What would appear to be the most serious blow to Miss Oh, on 26 August this year the Korean Alpine Federation, the nation's largest climbing association, concluded that Miss Oh had not reached the top of Kangchenjunga.{{cite web|url= http://www.himalayandatabase.com/downloads/EAH%20Seasonal%20Stories.pdf |page=394|title=Seasonal Stories for the Nepalese Himalaya 1985–2014|publisher=[[Elizabeth Hawley]] |date=2014}}</ref><br />{{small|As the potential first female climber of all 14, this dispute was followed internationally.}}<ref name="bbc"/>
|1997–2010
|1966
|44
|{{flagicon|South Korea}} Korean
|-
|{{ill|Carlos Pauner|es}} (Shishapangma 2012)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://desnivel.com/expediciones/carlos-pauner-consigue-la-cima-del-everest |title=Desnivel; Carlos Pauner consigue la cima del Everest |publisher=Desnivel.com |access-date=2014-01-21 |archive-date=23 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023003023/http://desnivel.com/expediciones/carlos-pauner-consigue-la-cima-del-everest |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />{{small|Pauner acknowledged his uncertainty as it was dark; said he might reclimb.}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lainformacion.com/deporte/alpinismo-montanismo/carlos-pauner-no-tiene-claro-si-hollaron-la-cima-del-shisha-pangma-8-027_RtasCrUfYbQZ3CoKnrTlJ3/|title=Carlos Pauner is not sure if they hit the top of the Shisha Pangma (8,027)|publisher=lainformacion.com|date=18 February 2016|access-date=31 May 2018|archive-date=21 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921225955/https://www.lainformacion.com/deporte/alpinismo-montanismo/carlos-pauner-no-tiene-claro-si-hollaron-la-cima-del-shisha-pangma-8-027_RtasCrUfYbQZ3CoKnrTlJ3/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|2001–2013
|1963
|50
|{{flagicon|Spain}} Spanish
|-
|Zhang Liang (Shishapangma 2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.cctv.com/2018/09/29/ARTI8SX3cn1pzRqEScSdzaSU180929.shtml |title=CCTV; 罗静等23名中国登山者登顶希夏邦马峰 |publisher=CCTV |date=29 September 2018 | access-date=2019-06-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/four-chinese-climbers-complete-all-14-above-8000-metre-peaks-this-autumn/ |title=The Himalayan Times; Four Chinese climbers complete all 14 peaks above 8,000m this autumn |publisher=The Himalayan Times | date=29 September 2018 |access-date=2019-06-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.desnivel.com/expediciones/luo-jing-cuarta-mujer-con-los-14x8000-y-en-tiempo-record/ |title=Luo Jing no alcanzó la cima principal del Shisha Pangma | language=es | trans-title=Luo Jing did not reach the main peak of the Shishapangma |publisher=Desnivel.com |date=4 October 2018 |access-date=2020-09-25}}</ref><br />{{small|Suspected the 2018 Chinese Shishapangma expedition stopped at central summit.}}
|2000–2018
|1964
|54
|{{flagicon|China}} Chinese
|}

===Verification issues===

A recurrent problem with verification is the confirmation that the climber reached the true peak of the eight-thousander.  Eight-thousanders present unique problems in this regard as they are so infrequently summited, their summits have not yet been exhaustively surveyed, and summiting climbers are often suffering the extreme altitude and weather effects of being in the [[death zone]].<ref name=NYT1/><ref name=AAJ1/>

[[Cho Oyu]] for example, is a recurrent problem eight-thousander as its true peak is a small hump about a thirty minutes walk into the large flat summit plateau that lies in the death zone. The true peak is often obscured in very poor weather, and this led to the disputed ascent (per the table above) of British climber, Alan Hinkes (who has refused to re-climb the peak).<ref>I have summited Cho Oyu 4 times and will be heading for my fifth this coming season. Each time I have watched the Koreans and Japanese go only to where they can see Everest, not the summit because they know this is what will be asked.{{cite web|url= https://explorersweb.com/2017/05/09/cho-oyu-summit-where-is-it-exactly-2017-05-09-60289/|title=Cho Oyu summit: Where is it exactly|publisher=Explorersweb.com|date=September 2017}}</ref><ref>Many people who climb Cho Oyu in Tibet stop at a set of prayer flags with views of Everest and believe they’ve reached the top, unaware they still have to walk for 15 minutes across the summit plateau until they can see the Gokyo Lakes in Nepal.{{cite web|url= http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/when-is-a-summit-not-a-summit/|title=When is a summit not a summit?|publisher=Mark Horrell|date=12 November 2014}}</ref>  [[Shishapangma]] is another problem peak because of its dual summits, which despite being close in height, are up to two hours climbing time apart and require the crossing of an exposed and dangerous snow ridge.<ref name=NYT1/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://publications.americanalpineclub.org/articles/12199129002/Asia-Tibet-Cho-Oyu-and-Shisha-Pangma-Central-West-Summit|title=Asia, Tibet, Cho Oyu and Shisha Pangma Central (West) Summit|publisher=American Alpine Journal|date=1991}}</ref> When Hawley judged that [[Ed Viesturs]] had not reached the true summit of Shishapangma (which she deduced from his summit photos and interviews), he then re-climbed the mountain to definitively establish his ascent.<ref>{{cite book|title=Keeper of the Mountains: The Elizabeth Hawley Story|pages=185–195|publisher=Rocky Mountain Books|date=5 October 2012|isbn=978-1927330159}}</ref><ref name=NYT1/>

In a May 2021 interview with the ''New York Times'', Jurgalski pointed out further issues with false summits on Annapurna I (a long ridge with multiple summits), Dhaulagiri (misleading false summit metal pole), and Manaslu (additional sharp and dangerous ridge to the true summit, like Shishapangma), noting that of the existing 44 accepted claims (as per the table earlier), at least 7 had serious question marks (these were in addition to the table of disputed ascents), and even noting that "It is possible that no one has ever been on the true summit of all 14 of the 8,000-meter peaks".<ref name=NYT1/> In June 2021, Australian climber [[Damien Gildea]] wrote an article in the ''American Alpine Journal'' on the work that Jurgalski and a team of international experts were doing in this area, including publishing detailed surveys of the problem summits using data from the [[German Aerospace Center]].<ref name=AAJ1>{{cite journal | journal=[[American Alpine Journal]] | date =June 2021 | first=Damien | last=Gildea | url=http://publications.americanalpineclub.org/articles/13201215692 | accessdate=10 December 2021 | title=THE 8000-ER MESS | volume=62 | issue=94 | author-link=Damien Gildea}}</ref>

In July 2022, Jurgalski posted conclusions of the team's research (the wider team being of Rodolphe Popier and Tobias Pantel of [[The Himalayan Database]], and Damien Gildea, Federico Bernardi, Bob Schelfhout Aubertijn, and Thaneswar Guragai).  According to their analysis, only three climbers, [[Ed Viesturs]], [[Veikka Gustafsson]] and [[Nirmal Purja]] have stood on the true summit of all 14 eight-thousanders, and no female climber had yet done so.<ref name=Alpinist/>  Viesturs is also the first to have done so without the use of oxygen.<ref name=Alpinist/> Jurgalski allowed for the fact that they had deliberately not stood on the true summit of [[Kangchenjunga]] out of religious respect.<ref name=Alpinist>{{cite web | magazine=[[Alpinist (magazine)|Alpinist]] | url=http://www.alpinist.com/doc/web22c/newswire-8000er-records-challenged-by-photographic-research | date=20 July 2022 | accessdate=3 August 2022 | title=Researchers challenge historical records for 8000-meter peaks | first=Derek | last=Franz}}</ref>  The team has not formally published their work, and according to Popier, they had not decided about "the best respectful form to present it".<ref name=Alpinist/>

==Proposed expansion==

In 2012, to relieve capacity pressure and overcrowding on the world's highest mountain, greater restrictions were placed on expeditions to the summit of Mount Everest.<ref name="bbc2">{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/mounteverest/10260776/The-new-peaks-opened-as-alternatives-to-Mount-Everest.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/mounteverest/10260776/The-new-peaks-opened-as-alternatives-to-Mount-Everest.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=The new peaks opened as alternatives to Mount Everest| publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|author=Richard Gray|date=23 August 2013|quote=Nepal}}{{cbignore}}</ref>  To address the growing capacity constraints, Nepal lobbied the [[International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation]] (or UIAA) to reclassify five subsidiary summits (two on [[Lhotse]] and three on [[Kanchenjunga]]), as standalone eight-thousanders, while Pakistan lobbied for a sixth subsidiary summit (on [[Broad Peak]]) as a standalone eight-thousander.<ref name="bbc1">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-24571309|title=Nepal mountain peak expansion bid stalls|work=BBC News|author=Navin Singh Khadka|date=18 October 2013}}</ref> See table below for list of all subsidiary summits of eight-thousanders.

In 2012, the UIAA initiated the ''ARUGA Project'', with an aim to see if these six new {{cvt|8000.|m}}-plus peaks could feasibly achieve international recognition.<ref name="bbc1"/>  The proposed six new eight-thousander peaks have a [[topographic prominence]] above {{cvt|60.|m}}, but none would meet the wider UIAA prominence threshold of {{cvt|600.|m}} (the lowest prominence of the existing 14 eight-thousanders is Lhotse, at {{convert|610.|m}}).<ref name="horr1"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/a-funny-name-for-a-mountain/|title=A funny name for a mountain|publisher=Mark Horrell|date=4 June 2014}}</ref>  Critics noted that of the six proposed, only Broad Peak Central, with a prominence of {{convert|181|m}}, would even meet the {{convert|150.|m}} prominence threshold to be a [[List of Marilyns in the British Isles|British Isles Marilyn]].<ref name="horr1">{{cite web|url=https://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2013/do-we-really-need-more-8000m-peaks/|title=Do we really need more 8000m peaks|publisher=Mark Horrell|date=23 October 2013|quote=The most prominent one, Broad Peak Central is just 196m high and the least prominent, Lhotse Middle, is a meagre 60m. To put this in context, the highest mountain in Malta is 253m, while the Eiffel Tower stands a whopping 300m.}}</ref> The appeal noted the UIAA's 1994 reclassification of [[List of Alpine four-thousanders|Alpine four-thousander]] peaks used a prominence threshold of {{cvt|30.|m}},{{efn|The UIAA main list also includes summits that have a prominence far lower than 30 metres.}} amongst other criteria; the logic being that if {{cvt|30.|m}} worked for {{cvt|4,000.|m}} summits, then {{cvt|60.|m}} is proportional for {{cvt|8,000.|m}} summits.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theuiaa.org/mountaineering/mountain-classification/|title=UIAA Mountain Classification: 4,000ERS OF THE ALPS|date=March 1994|publisher=[[UIAA]]|quote=Topographic criterium: for each summit, the level difference between it and the highest adjacent pass or notch should be at least {{cvt|30|m}} (calculated as average of the summits at the limit of acceptability). An additional criterium can be the horizontal distance between a summit and the base of another adjacent 4000er.|access-date=23 November 2018|archive-date=9 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200909020135/https://www.theuiaa.org/mountaineering/mountain-classification/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{As of| April 2024}}, there has been no conclusion by the UIAA and the proposals appear to have been set aside.

{{legend|#cfc|Proposed to the [[UIAA]] in 2012 for reclassification as standalone eight-thousanders.<ref name="bbc1"/>}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ List of the subsidiary peaks of the 14 eight-thousanders<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.8000ers.com/cms/en/8000ers-mainmenu-205.html |publisher=8000ers.com|author=Eberhard Jurgalski|author-link=:de:Eberhard Jurgalski|access-date=23 November 2018|title=Subsidiary Peaks| quote=There are several different subsidiary peaks! Here are the geographical facts, from the one "relative independent Main-Peak" (EU category B) over the important subsidiary peaks (C) to the major notable points (D1) Especially the last category is just guessed by contours or from photographs.}}</ref>
|-
! Proposed new eight-thousander
! Height <br />(m)
! [[Topographic prominence|Prominence]] <br /> (m)
! Dominance <br />(Prom / Height)<br>as a %<ref name="ed"/>
! Dominance <br /> classification<ref name="ed">{{cite web|url=http://www.8000ers.com/cms/en/dominance-mainmenu-178.html| publisher =8000ers.com|author=Eberhard Jurgalski|author-link=:de:Eberhard Jurgalski|access-date=23 November 2018| title=Dominance| quote= Accordingly, the author introduced altitude classes (AC) and a proportional prominence, which he named orometrical dominance (D). D is calculated easily but fittingly: (P/Alt) x 100. Thus, it indicates the percentage of independence for every elevation, no matter what the altitude, prominence or mountain type it is. From a scientific point of view, altitude could be seen as the thesis, prominence as the antithesis, whereas dominance would be the synthesis.}}</ref>
|-
|style="background:#cfc;text-align:left"|[[Broad Peak Central]]||8011||181||2.26||B2
|-
|
|-
|style="background:#cfc;text-align:left"|[[Yalung Kang|Kangchenjunga W-Peak (Yalung Kang)]]||8505||135||1.59||C1
|-
|
|-
|style="background:#cfc;text-align:left"|[[Kangchenjunga South|Kangchenjunga S-Peak]]||8476||116||1.37||C2
|-
|style="background:#cfc;text-align:left"|Kangchenjunga C-Peak||8473||63||0.74||C2
|-
|style="background:#cfc;text-align:left"|[[Lhotse Middle|Lhotse C-Peak I (Lhotse Middle)]]||8410||65||0.77||C2
|-
|style="background:#cfc;text-align:left"|[[Lhotse Shar]]||8382||72||0.86||C2
|-
|
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|K 2 SW-Peak||8580||30||0.35||D1
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|Lhotse C-Peak II||8372||37||0.44||D1
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|Everest W-Peak||8296||30||0.36||D1
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|Yalung Kang Shoulder||8200||40||0.49||D1
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|Kangchenjunga SE-Peak||8150||30||0.37||D1
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|K 2 P. 8134 (SW-Ridge)||8134||35||0.43||D1
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Annapurna I Middle Peak|Annapurna C-Peak]]||8051||49||0.61||D1
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|Nanga Parbat S-Peak||8042||30||0.37||D1
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Annapurna I East|Annapurna E-Peak]]||8026||65||0.81||C2
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|Shisha Pangma C-Peak||8008||30||0.37||D1
|-
|
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|Everest NE-Shoulder||8423||19||0.23||D2
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|Everest NE-Pinnacle III||8383||13||0.16||D2
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|Lhotse N-Pinnacle III||8327||10||0.12||D2
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|Lhotse N-Pinnacle II||8307||12||0.14||D2
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|Lhotse N-Pinnacle I||8290||10||0.12||D2
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|Everest NE-Pinnacle II||8282||25||0.30||D2
|}

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Everest kalapatthar crop.jpg|No. 1 – [[Mount Everest]]
File:K2 2006b.jpg|No. 2 – [[K2]]
File:Kangchenjunga.JPG|No. 3 – [[Kangchenjunga]]
File:Lhotse-fromChukhungRi.jpg|No. 4 – [[Lhotse]]
File:Makalu from Island Peak.jpg|No. 5 – [[Makalu]]
File:ChoOyu-fromGokyo.jpg|No. 6 – [[Cho Oyu]]
File:DhaulagiriMountain.jos.500pix.jpg|No. 7 – [[Dhaulagiri]]
File:Manaslu, from base camp trip.jpg|No. 8 – [[Manaslu]]
File:Nanga parbat, Pakistan by gul791.jpg|No. 9 – [[Nanga Parbat]]
File:AnnapurnaSouthMountain.jos.500pix.jpg|No. 10 – [[Annapurna]]
File:HiddenPeak.jpg|No. 11 – [[Gasherbrum I]]
File:7 15 BroadPeak.jpg|No. 12 – [[Broad Peak]]
File:Gasherbrum2.jpg|No. 13 – [[Gasherbrum II]]
File:Shishapangma.jpg|No. 14 – [[Shishapangma]]
</gallery>

==See also==
{{portal|Mountains}}
* [[List of deaths on eight-thousanders]]
* [[List of Mount Everest summiters by number of times to the summit]]
* [[List of ski descents of Eight-Thousanders|List of ski descents of eight-thousanders]]
* [[Three Poles Challenge]], the North Pole, the South Pole, and Mount Everest
* [[Explorers Grand Slam]], the North Pole, the South Pole, and the Seven Summits
* [[Volcanic Seven Summits]], the highest volcanos on each continent
* [[Fourteener]], peak with at least 14,000&nbsp;ft. elevation
* [[List of mountains by elevation]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=Herzog1951>
  {{cite book | last = Herzog | first =  Maurice | author-link = Maurice Herzog
  | year = 1951 | title = Annapurna: First Conquest of an 8000-meter Peak | page = 257
  | publisher = E.P Dutton & Co. | location = New York 
  | others = Translated from the French by Nea Morin and Janet Adam Smith}}</ref>
<ref name=Mummery1895>{{cite web | url = http://climbing.about.com/od/8000metermountains/a/NangaParbatFact.htm | title = Fast Facts About Nanga Parbat | publisher = climbing.about.com | access-date = 2015-05-29 | archive-date = 4 April 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150404080329/http://climbing.about.com/od/8000metermountains/a/NangaParbatFact.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref>
}}

==External links==
* [http://www.8000ers.com/ 8000ers.com], a site dedicated to statistics on 8000m peaks and climbs
* [https://www.peakbagger.com/list.aspx?lid=200 PeakBagger.com World 8000-meter Peaks], a database of global peaks
* [https://www.himalayandatabase.com/ The Himalayan Database], statistics on Nepalese Himalayan (but not Pakistan Himalaya) climbs from 1905 to 2018
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070803232531/http://www.adventurestats.com/statistics.shtml#mountain AdventureStats.com (High Altitude Mountaineering)]}}, a site dedicated to recording adventure statistics
* [https://www.earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/8000MeterPeaks NASA Earth Observatory: The Eight-Thousanders]

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