Elizabeth Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire
 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (November 2010) |
Elizabeth Hervey | |
|---|---|
 Bess in 1787, painted by Sir Joshua Reynolds | |
| Born | 13 May 1759 |
| Died | 30 March 1824 (aged 64) |
| Title | Lady Elizabeth Foster Duchess of Devonshire |
| Spouse(s) |
John Thomas Foster
(m. 1776–1781)5th Duke of Devonshire (1809-1811) |
| Children | Frederick Foster Augustus Foster Elizabeth Foster Sir Augustus Clifford Caroline St. Jules |
| Parent(s) | Frederick Hervey, 4th Earl of Bristol Elizabeth Davers |
Elizabeth Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (formerly Elizabeth Christiana Hervey, later Lady Elizabeth Foster), (13 May 1759 - 30 March 1824), is best known as an early woman novelist, and as the close friend of Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire. Elizabeth supplanted the Duchess, gaining the Duke's affections and later marrying him.
Life
Lady Elizabeth was the daughter of Frederick Hervey, 4th Earl of Bristol, and was familiarly known as "Bess". She was born in a small house in Horringer, St Edmundsbury, Suffolk, England. In 1776, she married Irishman John Thomas Foster (born 1747). He was a first cousin of the brothers John Foster, last Speaker of the (united) Irish House of Commons, and Bishop (William) Foster. When her father acceded to the earldom of Bristol until 1779, she became Lady Elizabeth Foster. The Fosters had three children; two sons, Frederick (3 October 1777 - 1853) and Augustus John Foster (December 1780 - 1848), and a daughter Elizabeth, who was born premature on 17 November 1778 and lived only 8 days. The couple lived (after 1779) with her parents at Ickworth House, the ancestral Bristol home. The marriage was not a success, and the couple separated within five years, plausibly after Foster had a relationship with a servant. Foster retained custody of their sons, and did not allow the boys to see Bess for 14 years. In May 1782, Bess met the Duke and Duchess of Devonshire in Bath, and quickly became Georgiana's closest friend.
From this time, she lived in a ménage à trois with Georgiana and her husband, William, the 5th Duke of Devonshire, for about twenty-five years. She bore two children by the Duke: a son, Augustus (later Augustus Clifford, 1st Baronet), and a daughter, Caroline St. Jules, who were raised at Devonshire House with the Duke's legitimate children by Georgiana. With Georgiana's blessing Lady Elizabeth finally married the Duke in 1809, three years after the death of his first wife, during which time she had continued to live in his household.
Bess is also said to have had affairs with several other men, including Cardinal Ercole Consalvi, John Sackville, 3rd Duke of Dorset, Count Axel von Fersen, Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond, and Valentine Richard Quin, 1st Earl of Dunraven. There is some evidence that Quin fathered an illegitimate son by her, who became the noted physician, Frederic Hervey Foster Quin.[citation needed] Quin joined Cavendish as her travelling physician in Rome in December 1820, and afterwards attended her in that city during her fatal illness in March 1824.[1]
Lady Elizabeth Foster is the great-great-great-Grandmother of Vogue magazine's Anna Wintour.
Children
With John Thomas Foster:
- Frederick (3 October 1777 - 1853)
- Elizabeth (17 November 1778 - 25 November 1778)
- Augustus (December 1780 - 1848)
With William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire (prior to their marriage):
- Caroline Rosalie Adelaide (1785–1830), who later as Caroline St Jules married George Lamb
- Sir Augustus Clifford (1788–1877)
Titles
- Miss Elizabeth Hervey (1759–1776)
- Mrs John Foster (1776–1779)
- The Lady Elizabeth Foster (1779–1809)
- Her Grace The Duchess of Devonshire (1809–1824)
Literary career
Lady Elizabeth was a friend of the French author Madame de Staël, with whom she corresponded from about 1804.
She was the author of seven novels over the course of her lifetime: Melissa and Marcia, or the Sisters. A Novel; Louisa; The History of Ned Evans; The Church of St. Siffrid; The Mourtray Family. A Novel; Julia (which was never published); and Amabel; or, Memoirs of a Woman of Fashion. This last novel was the only one published with her name attached during her lifetime, and it was not on the cover, but on the dedication page. The rest of her novels were published anonymously.[2]
References
Bibliography
- Vere Foster (editor), The Two Duchesses.., Family Correspondence relating to.., Blackie & Son, London, Glasgow & Dublin, 1898.
- Vere Foster (1819-1900), her grandson, was a renowned Irish philanthropist and educationalist.
- Brian Masters, Georgiana Duchess of Devonshire, Hamish Hamilton, 1981, (pages 298-299, re. Wintour).
- Amanda Foreman, Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire (1998).
- Caroline Chapman & Jane Dormer,Elizabeth and Georgiana, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2002.
Footnotes
- ^ Boase, George Clement (1896). . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 47. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- ^ The Orlando Project: Women's Writing in the British Isles from the Beginnings to the Present http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?formname=r&subform=1&person_id=hervel
External links