Ende (artist)

Ende (or En) was a female manuscript illuminator who worked on a 10th-century group of manuscripts, of which there are 24 known copies with illustrations.^[1] These manuscripts contain the Commentary on the Apocalypse compiled by the Spanish monk Beatus of Liébana in 786.^[1] Her signature appears in the Beatus located now at the Girona cathedral, known as Girona Beatus but maybe she worked in some other codex.^[2]

The manuscripts were created in a monastery in the mountains of Leon in northwest Spain.^[1] There are a number of hands discernible in the manuscripts. The chief painter was likely a priest called Senior. Historians have also attributed elements of the manuscripts to Emetrius, whose style is attributable in comparison to an earlier signed work. The third attributable hand is that of Ende. She signed the work as DEPINTRIX (painter) and DIE AIUTRIX (helper of god).^[1] She was probably a nun.^[1]

The illuminations illustrate the Apocalyptic Vision of St. John the Divine in the Book of Revelation in the Mozarabic style.^[3] This style developed in Spain after the Muslim invasions, blending elements of Islamic art and decorative traditions, particularly the emphasis on geometry, rich colors, ornamented grounds, and stylized figures.^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Shrimpton, editor, Delia Gaze ; picture editors, Maja Mihajlovic, Leanda (1997). Dictionary of women artists. London: Fitzroy Dearborn. pp. 498–99. ISBN 1884964214. {{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Shrimpton, editor, Delia Gaze ; picture editors, Maja Mihajlovic, Leanda (1997). Dictionary of women artists. London: Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 22. ISBN 1884964214. {{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ ^a ^b Dodwell, C. R. (1993). The pictorial arts of the West, 800-1200 (1. publ. ed.). New Haven: Yale Univ. Press. p. 247. ISBN 0300053487.

References

Further reading