Ettie Rout
Ettie Annie Rout | |
|---|---|
 Ettie Annie Rout from the frontispiece of Safe Marriage: A Return to Sanity | |
| Born | 24 February 1877 Launceston, Tasmania |
| Died | 17 September 1936 (aged 59) Rarotonga, Cook Islands |
| Other names | Ettie Hornibrook |
| Known for | preventing sexually transmitted disease amongst soldiers |
Ettie Annie Rout (24 February 1877 – 17 September 1936) was a Tasmanian-born New Zealander whose work among servicemen in Paris and the Somme during World War I made her a war hero among the French, yet through the same events she became persona non grata in New Zealand. She married Fred Hornibrook on 3 May 1920, after which she was Ettie Hornibrook. They had no children and later separated. She died in 1936, and was buried in the Cook Islands.
Life
She was born in Launceston, Tasmania, Australia, but she was raised in Wellington, New Zealand from 1884. After leaving school, she became a shorthand typist for commissions of inquiry and later the Supreme Court (now the High Court, not to be confused with the present Supreme Court). Biographers believe this job gave her a wide range of experiences on social issues. She was later a reporter, businessperson, and writer, but most importantly, she was a campaigner on sexually transmitted infections.
After founding a volunteer nursing group during World War I, the New Zealand Volunteer Sisterhood, Rout was made aware of the prevalence of STI among servicemen. By 1917, the New Zealand Army had made free distribution of her safe sex kit compulsory. It was for her work inspecting brothels in Paris and in the Somme, that she was decorated by the French. In 1917 she and several other New Zealand nurses were Mentioned in Despatches by General Sir Archibald Murray[1]
Ironically, in New Zealand, her exploits were considered such that her name, on pain of a £100 fine, could not be published. However, her activities could be published.[citation needed]
Similar ironies were found overseas--her 1922 book, Safe Marriage: A Return to Sanity, was banned in New Zealand, but published in both Australia and Britain. In the latter, it was a best-seller, yet in the House of Lords, a bishop called her 'the wickedest woman in Britain.[2][3]
Death and legacy
Rout died as the result of a quinine overdose in Rarotonga in the Cook Islands following her sole postwar return to New Zealand in 1936. She is interred at an Avarua church cemetery. In 1992, Jane Tolerton wrote her biography, and more recently, she has been more critically perceived as a "White Australasia" apologist in Phillippa Levine's account of contagious disease legislation within the late nineteenth century British Empire.[4][5]
In 1983 an episode of the New Zealand television series Pioneer Women dramatised her story.[6]
References
- ^ "Kai Tiaki : the journal of the nurses of New Zealand, Volume X, Issue 4, October 1917, Page 199". PapersPast. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
- ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: Rout, Ettie Annie
- ^ No such quote can be found in http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/search/
- ^ Phillippa Levine (2003), Prostitution, Race and Politics: Policing Venereal Disease in the British Empire:, New York, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-94447-3
- ^ Jane Tolerton (1992), Ettie: A Life of Ettie Rout, Auckland, Penguin, ISBN 0-14-017216-5
- ^ "Pioneer Women - Ettie Rout". Pioneer Women. TVNZ via NZ On Screen. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
External links
- Ettie Annie Rout biography from the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
- O'Connor, P. S. (1967), "Venus and the Lonely Kiwi: The War Effort Of Miss Ettie A. Rout", New Zealand Journal of History, 1 (1): 11–32
- Restoration of Ettie Rout's grave in Rarotonga in 2012 by Dame Margaret Sparrow
- Safe Marriage: A Return to Sanity (1922) facsimile copy, archived at ibiblio.org
- Works by Ettie Annie Rout at Project Gutenberg
- Safe Marriage: at Project Gutenberg
- Photos (downloadable) of Ettie Rout with NZEF and other soldiers in Paris, 1918 [1],[2].
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