Eumolpinae
| Eumolpinae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Eumolpus asclepiadeus | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Chrysomelidae |
| Subfamily: | Eumolpinae Hope, 1840 |
| Tribes | |
The Eumolpinae are a subfamily of the leaf beetles, or Chrysomelidae. It is one of the largest subfamilies of leaf beetles,[1] including more than 500 genera and 7000 species.[2] They are oval, and convex in form, and measure up to 10 mm in size. Typical coloration for this subfamily of beetles ranges from bright yellow to dark red. Many species are iridescent or brilliantly metallic blue or green in appearance.
Description
Eumolpinae can be recognized at first sight by their rounded thoraces, more or less spherical or bell-shaped, but always significantly narrower than the mesothorax as covered by the elytra. Additional features include a small head set deeply into the thorax, and usually well-developed legs.
They generally resemble other Chrysomelidae, but differ in having front coxae rounded and third tarsal segment bilobed beneath. Many are metallic, or yellow and spotted. The dogbane beetle (Chrysochus auratus or C. fabricius), for instance, is very attractive—iridescent blue-green with a coppery tinge, it measures 8–10 mm, and is found on dogbane and milkweed. Some, such as members of the genus Macrocoma, are unusually setaceous and with unusually prominent mandibles for members of the family Chrysomelidae.
Gallery
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Macrocoma rubripes, a setaceous species
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Tribes
Tribes according to Bouchard et al. (2011):[3]
- Bromiini Baly, 1865[4] – Alternative names: Adoxini Baly, 1865 (Adoxiini?); Scelodontini Chapuis, 1874
- Caryonodini Bechyné, 1951[5]
- Cubispini Monrós, 1954
- Eumolpini Hope, 1840 – Alternative names: Endocephalini Chapuis, 1874
- Euryopini Chapuis, 1874 – Alternative names: Colasposomini Špringlová de Bechyné, 1960
- Habrophorini Bechyné & Špringlová de Bechyné, 1969[6]
- Hemydacnini Bechyné, 1951
- Megascelidini Chapuis, 1874 (Megascelini?)
- Merodini Chapuis, 1874
- Pygomolpini Bechyné, 1949
- Rosiroiini Bechyné, 1950
- Typophorini Baly, 1865 – Alternative names: Metachromini Chapuis, 1874; Nodinini Chapuis, 1874
Other tribes:
- Eupalini Verma et al., 2005[7] (contains just Eupales, also see ICZN case 3498[8]; may be invalid)
- Synetini LeConte & Horn, 1883 (considered a subfamily in Bouchard et al. (2011))
The subfamily Spilopyrinae Chapuis, 1874 was formerly considered a tribe (as Spilopyrini).
See also
References
- ^ Gómez-Zurita, Jesús; Jolivet, Pierre; Vogler, Alfried P. (2005). "Molecular systematics of Eumolpinae and the relationships with Spilopyrinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 34 (3): 584–600. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.11.022. PMID 15683931.
- ^ Jolivet, Pierre; Verma, Krishna K. (2008). "Eumolpinae – a widely distributed and much diversified subfamily of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)" (PDF). Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews. 1 (1): 3–37. doi:10.1163/187498308X345424.
- ^ Bouchard, Patrice; Bousquet, Yves; Davies, Anthony E.; Alonso-Zarazaga, Miguel A.; Lawrence, John F.; Lyal, Chris H. C.; Newton, Alfred F.; Reid, Chris A. M.; Schmitt, Michael; Ślipiński, S. Adam; Smith, Andrew B. T. (2011). "Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)" (PDF). ZooKeys (88): 1–972. doi:10.3897/zookeys.88.807. PMC 3088472. PMID 21594053.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Baly, J. S. (1865). "Attempt at a classification of the Eumolpidae. (Cont.)". The Journal of Entomology. 2: 433–442.
- ^ Bechyné, J. (1951). "Liste provisoire des Eumolpides de Bolivie et observations diverses sur les espèces de l'Amérique du Sud (Col. Phytophaga)". Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey Tutzing bei München. 2: 227–352.
- ^ Bechyné, J.; Springlová de Bechyné, B. "La posición sistemática de Megascelis Chevrolat (Col. Phytophaga)" (PDF). Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía (Maracay). 3: 65–76.
- ^ Verma, Krishna K.; Gómez-Zurita, Jesús; Jolivet, Pierre; Vig, Károly (2005). "Biology of Eupales ulema (Germar, 1813) and its taxonomic placement among Eumolpinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)". Nouv. Revue. Ent. (N.S.). 22 (2): 155–164.
- ^ ICZN (2009). "Articles". Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. 66 (3): 203–241. doi:10.21805/bzn.v66i3.a1.
External links
- Bugguide
- Subfamily Eumolpinae (Chrysomelidae) - atlas of leaf beetles of Russia
- Eumolpinae Hope, 1840
- The African Eumolpinae site (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae)
- Australian Faunal Directory – Subfamily Eumolpinae Hope, 1840
