Evarcha culicivora
| Evarcha culicivora | |
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| Species: | E. culicivora
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| Binomial name | |
| Evarcha culicivora Wesolowska & Jackson, 2003
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Evarcha culicivora is a species of jumping spider from Kenya. It is also known as the Vampire Spider.
It feeds mainly on the mosquito species Anopheles gambiae, the main vector of malaria in the region.
It is the only known animal that selects its prey based on what the latter has eaten. Although jumping spiders are known to rely on their excellent vision, it was shown that this species selects blood-filled mosquitos more often than unfed ones, even more so when only relying on smell (90%, as opposed to 83%):[1] when it came to making a choice based on smell alone, with the two meal options hidden from view, around 90 percent of E. culicivora selected the blood-filled mosquito. However, it seems to select its preferred species by its resting posture, as different kinds of mosquitoes sit in different angles. This has been shown with 3D-animations of different resting postures.[2]
In 2009 it was found that feeding on blood-filled mosquitos changes the smell of E. culicivora, leading specimens to find potential mates more attractive after a blood meal[3]
The species is only known around Kenya or Uganda.
References
- ^ National Geographic (2005): African Spider Craves Human Blood, Scientists Find (with picture)
- ^ Nelson 2006
- ^ Bild der Wissenschaft 2009
Further reading
- Nelson, X.J.; Jackson, R. R. & Sune, G. O. (2005). "Use of Anopheles-specific prey-capture behavior by the small juveniles of Evarcha culicivora, a mosquito-eating jumping spider". Journal of Arachnology. 33 (2): 541–548. doi:10.1636/05-3.1.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) PDF fulltext - Nelson XJ, Jackson RR (2006). Tregenza, Tom (ed.). "A Predator from East Africa that Chooses Malaria Vectors as Preferred Prey". PLoS ONE. 1 (1): e132. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000132. PMC 1762417. PMID 17205136.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
- Jackson RR, Nelson XJ, Sune GO (2005). "A spider that feeds indirectly on vertebrate blood by choosing female mosquitoes as prey". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102 (42): 15155–60. doi:10.1073/pnas.0507398102. PMC 1257728. PMID 16217015.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - "Proxy Vampire: Spider eats blood by catching mosquitoes: Science News Online, Oct. 15, 2005". Archived from the original on 2008-02-16. Retrieved 2008-02-26.
- "Warum Springspinnen auf Blut stehen: Bild der Wissenschaft, Oct. 27, 2009". Retrieved 2009-10-27.
External links
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