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{{dablink|For [[Wikipedia:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)#Characters totally forbidden in page titles|technical reasons]], F# redirects here. For the programming language, see [[F Sharp (programming language)]]. For other uses, see [[F-sharp]].}} |
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{{pp-move-indef|small=yes}} |
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{{otherusesof}} |
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{{wiktionarypar2|F|f}} |
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{{Latin alphabet navbox|uc=F|lc=f}} |
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'''F''' is the sixth letter in the [[basic modern Latin alphabet]]. Its name in [[English language|English]] ({{pronEng|ɛf}}) is spelled '''ef''' or '''eff'''.<ref>''The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language''. 1976.</ref><ref>"F" ''Oxford English Dictionary,'' 2nd edition (1989); "ef", "eff", "bee" (under ''bee eff) op. cit.''</ref> |
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==History== |
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;text-align:center;" |
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|- bgcolor="#EEEEEE" |
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! Proto-Semitic W |
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! Phoenician W |
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! Etruscan W |
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! Greek Digamma (W) |
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! Roman F |
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|----- |
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|[[Image:Proto-semiticW-01.png]] |
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|[[Image:PhoenicianW-01.png]] |
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|[[Image:EtruscanF-01.svg|40px]] |
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|[[Image:GreekDigamma-01.png]] |
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|[[Image:RomanF-01.png|Roman F]] |
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|} |
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The origin of F is the [[Semitic languages|Semitic]] letter [[Waw (letter)|''vâv'']] that represented the sound /v/, and originally probably represented either a "hook" or a "club". It may have been based on a comparable [[Egyptian hieroglyph]], such as that for "mace": <hiero>T3</hiero> |
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The Phoenician form of the letter was adopted into Greek as a vowel, ''[[upsilon]]'' (which resembled its descendant, [[Y]], but was also ancestor to Roman letters [[U]], [[V]], and [[W]]); and with another form, as a consonant, ''[[digamma]]'', which resembled our letter F, but was pronounced /w/, as in Phoenician. (Later on, this /w/ [[phoneme]] disappeared from Greek, resulting in ''digamma'' being used as a numeral only.) |
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In Etruscan, F also stood for /w/; however, they came up with the innovation of using the [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]] FH to represent the sound /f/, and the letter acquired this sound on its own when the Romans picked it up (since they had already borrowed U independently from Greek ''upsilon'' to stand for /w/). The letter [[phi]] (Φ φ) came to approximate the sound of /f/ in Greek. |
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The [[lower case]] ''f'' is not related to the visually similar [[long s]], ſ. The use of the ''long s'' died out by the beginning of the 19th century, largely to prevent confusion with ''f''. |
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== Usage == |
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In English, F represents the [[voiceless labiodental fricative]]; this sound is also represented by "f" in the International Phonetic Alphabet and X-SAMPA. |
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In formal [[typography]], particularly for [[serif]]ed fonts, [[Lower case|minuscule]] f is one of the most commonly [[ligature (typography)|ligate]]d letters. Unicode encodes several ligatures beginning with lowercase f (U+FB00 through U+FB04) for compatibility with old character code sets, but recommends that those should not be used.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode5.0.0/ch07.pdf#page=14 |title= The Unicode Standard, Version 5.0, chapter 7, page 236 |date=2006-10-01 |accessdate=2009-04-14 |publisher=[[Unicode Consortium]] |pages=37}}</ref> |
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== Codes for computing == |
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{{Letter |
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|NATO=Foxtrot |
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|Morse=··–· |
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|Character=F6 |
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|Braille=⠋ |
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}} |
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In [[Unicode]] the [[majuscule|capital]] F is codepoint U+0046 and the [[lower case]] f is U+0066. |
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The [[ASCII]] code for capital F is 70 and for lower case f is 102; or in [[Binary numeral system|binary]] 01000110 and 01100110, respectively. |
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The [[EBCDIC]] code for capital F is 198 and for lowercase f is 134. |
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The [[numeric character reference]]s in [[HTML]] and [[XML]] are "<tt>&#70;</tt>" and "<tt>&#102;</tt>" for upper and lower case, respectively. |
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== See also == |
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{{Commons|F}} |
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*[[Ef (Cyrillic)|Ф, ф - Ef (Cyrillic)]] |
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*[[Phi (letter)|Φ, φ or {{Unicode|ϕ}} - Phi (Greek)]] |
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== References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{Latin alphabet}} |
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[[Category:Latin letters]] |
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[[af:F]] |
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[[als:F]] |
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[[ar:F]] |
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[[arc:F]] |
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[[ast:F]] |
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[[az:F]] |
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[[zh-min-nan:F]] |
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[[bs:F]] |
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[[br:F (lizherenn)]] |
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[[ca:F]] |
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[[cs:F]] |
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[[co:F]] |
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[[cy:F]] |
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[[da:F]] |
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[[de:F]] |
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[[el:F]] |
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[[es:F]] |
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[[eo:F]] |
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[[eu:F]] |
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[[fa:F]] |
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[[fr:F (lettre)]] |
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[[fy:F]] |
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[[fur:F]] |
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[[gd:F]] |
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[[gl:F]] |
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[[gan:F]] |
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[[ko:F]] |
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[[hr:F]] |
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[[ilo:F]] |
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[[id:F (huruf)]] |
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[[is:F]] |
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[[it:F]] |
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[[he:F]] |
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[[ka:F]] |
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[[kw:F]] |
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[[sw:F]] |
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[[ht:F]] |
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[[la:F]] |
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[[lv:F]] |
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[[lb:F]] |
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[[lt:F]] |
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[[hu:F]] |
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[[mk:F (Латиница)]] |
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[[mg:F]] |
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[[mzn:F]] |
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[[ms:F]] |
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[[nah:F]] |
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[[nl:F (letter)]] |
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[[ja:F]] |
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[[no:F]] |
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[[nn:F]] |
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[[nrm:F]] |
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[[uz:F (harf)]] |
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[[pl:F]] |
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[[pt:F]] |
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[[crh:F]] |
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[[ro:F]] |
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[[qu:F]] |
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[[ru:F (латиница)]] |
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[[se:F]] |
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[[stq:F]] |
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[[scn:F]] |
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[[simple:F]] |
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[[sk:F]] |
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[[sl:F]] |
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[[sr:F (слово латинице)]] |
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[[sh:F]] |
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[[fi:F]] |
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[[sv:F]] |
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[[tl:F]] |
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[[th:F]] |
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[[tr:F (harf)]] |
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[[uk:F (латиниця)]] |
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[[vi:F]] |
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[[vo:F]] |
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[[yi:F]] |
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[[yo:F]] |
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[[zh-yue:F]] |
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[[bat-smg:F]] |
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[[zh:F]] |
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