Feodor Ostrogski
Feodor Ostrogski | |
|---|---|
| Prince | |
| File:Благословення Феодосія Святого (князя Федора Острозького) Києво-Печерська лавра. 1443 рік.jpg Feodor Ostrogski's blessing. Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. 1443 | |
| Coat of arms | Ostrogski |
| Born | 1360 |
| Died | 1446 Kiev Pechersk Lavra |
| Family | Ostrogski |
| Consort | Agata Czurylowna (Agrafena ?) |
| Issue | Wasyl "Krasny" Ostrogski |
| Father | Daniil Ostrogski |
| Mother | Wassilisa(?) |
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Prince Feodor Ostrogski (1360–1446) was a powerful magnate in Volhynia of Rurikid stock, son of Daniil Ostrogski. In some sources he's called Teodor, Fedko or Frederic.[1] He was active in the Hussite Wars and assisted Sigismund Korybut.
Biography
In 1386 Grand Duke of Lithuania Jogaila granted him possession of Ostrog castle and appointed him governor of Volhynia with the capital at Lutsk in 1387.[2] In addition to Ostrog, Feodor became owner of Korets, Iziaslav (Zaslav), and other towns.
On 4 September 1390, Knyaz Feodor was commanding defence of one of the Vilnius Castles during its siege by the Vytautas the Great, Teutonic Knights and knight guests from almost all of European states during the Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392). The Crooked Castle was captured and its commander, Karigaila, brother of Jogaila, was killed. The Upper castle, with Polish staff and lower, commanded by Feodor, were rescued.[3]
In 1422 Feodor travelled to Bohemia in the entourage of Sigismund Korybut and was sent by him as an ambassador to the Hussites.[4] He fought in the Battle of Ústí. A folk song about this battle mentions Frederic, Ruthenian Prince of Ostrog, who left home and had assimilated Czech habits and language (Jan Długosz book XI, page 650).[5] In 1430 with Sigismund Korybut and Hussites he captured Gliwice and they made this town their stronghold, their participation in the Hussite assault on Saxony is however doubtful. Długosz, however, mentions it.[5] At Easter of the same year a group under the command of Frederic Prince of Ostrog, Jakub Nadobny from Rogów and Jan Kuropatwa from Łańcuchów Średniawa, attacked Jasna Góra Monastery, plundered it and destroyed Icon of Black Madonna of Częstochowa. A year later with Sigismund Korybut he attacked the Hungarian monastery in Lechnica.[6]
In the 1430s he supported Grand Duke Švitrigaila and the Teutonic Order in the civil war against Sigismund Kęstutaitis and war against Poland. On 30 November 1432 he was defeated at Kopestrzyn (or kopersztyn) by Ruthenian voivode Wincenty z Szamotuł,[7] Feodor escaped. In 1433 he led Czech and Polish Hussites from Greater Poland in battles against Poland and Neumark, they captured Drawno, Dobiegniew, Złocieniec and Santok; Gorzów Wielkopolski was rescued. Then they were joined by Hussites from Lesser Poland and after an unsuccessful siege of Chojnice castle captured Tczew, took two thousand captives and besieged Gdańsk with no result. After he captured Jasieniec on 13 September, a three-month armistice was agreed. On expiry of the truce, Ostrogski burned and looted Brest-Litovsk. Castle was not captured, however, due to Masovian Dukes relief. At that time he was probably imprisoned with Teodor Korybut by their own suzerain, Švitrigaila, and then rescued by Michał Buczacki.[8] It is not certain if Feodor Ostrogski switched sides and because of it was imprisoned, or if it happened after he was recaptured.
He was probably married to Agata Czurylowna (Agrafena ?) and father to Wasyl "Krasny" Ostrogski. He died as a monk and was buried at the Kievan Cave Monastery under the name Teodosii (Teodor) and was later canonized (his feast day is 24 August).
See also
References
- ^ Jan Długosz: Annales seu cronici incliti regni Poloniae in 1432 year
- ^ Ostrogski in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 3 (1993)
- ^ Paweł Jasienica: "Polska Jagiellonów" p.84
- ^ Pilgrimage to Images in the Fifteenth Century
- ^ a b Bracia Władysława-Jagiełły Olgierdowicza, króla Polski, Wielkiego xie̜cia, pg. 91
- ^ Bracia Władysława-Jagiełły Olgierdowicza, króla Polski, Wielkiego xie̜cia, pg. 96
- ^ Monarchic ceremonies in late medieval Cracow, page251
- ^ Dzieje Polski podług ostatnich badań By Józef Szujski