First transcontinental telephone call
The first transcontinental telephone call officially occurred on Jan. 25, 1915, a day timed to coincide with the Panama-Pacific Exposition celebrations. However, the transcontinental telephone line was first completed on June 27, 1914, and successfully first voice tested in July 1914. A 1998 U.S. postage stamp commemorates the completion of the line in 1914.[1][2][3][4]
Background
The original long distance telephone network actually started in 1885, in New York City. By 1892 this line reached Chicago. After introducing loading coils in 1899, the long distance line continued west, and by 1911 it reached Denver, Colorado. The president of AT&T, Theodore Vail, committed the company to a transcontinental line in 1909.
On June 27, 1914, after affixing 4,750 miles of telephone line, workers raised the final pole at Wendover, Utah, actually on the border between Nevada and Utah state lines. Then, Theodore Vail, the president of AT&T, succeeded in transmitting his voice across the continental U.S. in July 1914.
Six months later, amidst the celebrations surrounding the Panama-Pacific Exposition, on January 25, 1915, Alexander Graham Bell, in New York City, repeated his famous statement "Mr. Watson, come here. I want you," into the telephone, which was heard by his assistant Dr. Watson in San Francisco, for a long distance call of 3,400 miles. Dr. Watson replied, "It will take me five days to get there now!" The Alexander Graham Bell call officially initiated AT&T's transcontinental service.[1][2][3][4] The phone call was merely symbolic.[5]
Later, President Woodrow Wilson spoke to an audience in San Francisco from the White House and is quoted as saying ""It appeals to the imagination to speak across the continent." [1][2][3][4] However, President Wilson was concerned with the "devaluation of the individual" as AT&T celebrated the achievement of the company rather than distinguishing individual inventors, contributors, and innovators.[5]
References
- ^ a b c Riordan, Michael; Hoddeson, Lillian (December 1998). Crystal Fire: The Birth of the Information Age. Sloan Technology Series (1st ed.). New York: W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 57–61. ISBN 978-0-393-31851-7. LCCN 96047464. OCLC 35762766.
- ^ a b c
"1915: First Transcontinental Telephone Call" (web page). AT&T Labs. 2013-06-29. Retrieved 2013-08-21.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ a b c
"A Transcontinental Telephone Line: July 1914" (web page). PBS online, ScienCentral Inc. and The American Institute of Physics. 1999. Retrieved 2013-08-21.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ a b c McMaster, Susan E. (2002-08-30). The Telecommunications Industry. Emerging Industries in the United States (1st ed.). Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. pp. 46–47. ISBN 978-0-313-31601-2. LCCN 2002021628. OCLC 231966417.
- ^ a b John, Richard R. (May 2010). Network Nation: Inventing American Telecommunications (1st ed.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 389–394. ISBN 9780674024298.
External links
- "Mr. Watson -- come here!" Library of Congress. July 27, 2010.
- "Phone to Pacific From the Atlantic". New York Times (reproduced article). January 26, 1915.