Forty Thieves (New York gang)

The 40 Thieves — likely named after Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves — was the first organized street gang in New York's history. Primarily consisting of Irish immigrants, they terrorized the Five Points intersection in New York City, New York.

Originally based in New York's Lower East Side, the Forty Thieves were formed in the early 1820s by Joseph Winston Herbert Hopkins. Meeting at a Centre Street grocery store owned by Rosanna Peers, members would be given assignments and issued strict quotas on the gang's share of illegal activities. The quota system proved a great motivator among veterans competing against younger members seeking to take older members' positions. However, in the long term the gang was unable to maintain discipline among its members in early New York, and by 1850 the gang had dissolved with its members joining larger gangs or leaving on their own. The Forty Thieves name was later adopted by Tammany Hall, and later the Common Council of 1850, who regularly raided the city treasury. The juvenile Little Forty Thieves, an apprentice gang of the original Forty Thieves, would outlast their mentors, continuing to commit illegal activities throughout the 1850s before eventually joining the later street gangs following the American Civil War in 1865.