F. N. Souza
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F. N. Souza | |
|---|---|
 Balzac Etcetera (1971) | |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Known for | Painting, Drawing |
Francis Newton Souza (12 April 1924 – 28 March 2002), commonly referred to as F. N. Souza, was an Indian artist. He was a founding member of the Progressive Artists' Group of Bombay, and was the first post-independence Indian artist to achieve high recognition in the West. Souza's style exhibited both low-life and high energy.
Early life and education
Francis Newton Souza was born to Roman Catholic parents in the village of Saligao, Goa. He lost his father at the tender age of three months old to an attack of smallpox. Having survived, although scarred for life, his grateful mother named him Francis, after the patron saint of Goa St Francis Xavier.[1] His mother was a seamstress. One of Souza's better known paintings depicts a sewing machine.[citation needed]
He attended St. Xavier's College in Bombay, being expelled for drawing graffiti in a toilet which he claimed he was correcting, but the priests did not accept his claims.[citation needed]
Souza studied at the Sir J. J. School of Art in Bombay but was expelled in 1945 for his support for the Quit India Movement.[citation needed]
Souza joined the Communist Party of India in 1947.[1]
Career
In 1947 he was a founding member of the Bombay Progressive Artists' Group which encouraged Indian artists to participate in the international avant-garde.[1]
In 1948 Souza's paintings were shown at an exhibition in London's Burlington House . In 1949 Souza moved to London, where initially struggling to make an impact as an artist, he worked as a journalist. The Institute of Contemporary Arts included his work in a 1954 exhibition. His success as an artist took off following the publication in 1955 of his autobiographical essay Nirvana of a Maggot in Stephen Spender's Encounter magazine. Spender introduced Souza to the art dealer Victor Musgrave, the owner of Gallery One. Souza's 1955 exhibit was a sold out, leading to ongoing success[1]
In 1959 Souza published Words and Lines.[2]
Souza's career developed steadily, and he participated in several shows, receiving positive reviews from John Berger. His style was, as Berger pointed out,[3] deliberately eclectic: essentially Expressionist in character, but also drawing on the post-war Art Brut movement and elements of British Neo-romanticism. His work was often highly erotic. According to art historian Yashodhara Dalmia,
At the heart of Souza's creativity was the belief that society's destructive aspects shouldn't be suppressed, they should be aired and confronted. Be it the hypocrisy of the church, the corruption of the upper classes or the repression of sexuality in a country that has a Khajuraho, he was uncovering the underbelly of existence.[4]
From 1967 he settled in New York, only to return to India shortly before his death. Souza was buried in Sewri cemetery in Mumbai, in a quiet funeral on 30 March 2002.
Reputation
In recent years Souza's Paintings have been sold for over a million dollars.[5] In 2008, his painting "Birth" (1955) set a world auction record for the most expensive Indian painting sold till then by selling for US$2.5 million (Rs 11.3 crore) at a Christie's auction. In 2015, the painting "Birth" was resold at Christie's in New York, fetching more than US$4 million.[6]
In June 2010 Christie's held an auction of over 140 lots from the Souza Estate. Many of Souza's works fetched very high prices, some several times Christie's estimates.[7]
A purported 1963 painting by Souza appeared on the BBC Antiques Road Show in February 2009.
Neelam Raaj wrote in The Times of India:
With a few slashing lines and a raw, expressive energy, Francis Newton Souza stripped away all subterfuge. Be it the sluts or the suits, the seamy side of life or the steamy, the gnomish, pox-scarred boy from Goa who went on to become one of the first Indian artists to be feted in the salons of Europe, laid it bare.[4]
Public collections
- Birmingham Museum of Art, UK
- British Museum, London, UK
- Glenbarra Art Museum, Himeji, Hyōgo, Japan
- Haifa Museum, Israel
- National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi, India
- National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Tate Gallery, London, UK
- Victoria and Albert Museum, London, UK
- The Hepworth Wakefield Art Gallery, UK[8]
- Museum of Biblical Art (Dallas), Texas, USA
References
- ^ a b c d Wood, Christopher P (17 June 2002). "FN Souza India's first modern artist". The Guardian. London.
- ^ Souza, F. N. (1959). Words and lines. London: Villiers / Scorpion Press. OCLC 501036319.
- ^ Summary of Souza's career This tertiary source reuses information from other sources but does not name them.
- ^ a b Raaj, Neelam (5 May 2010). "God, sex & Souza". The Times of India. Retrieved 22 November 2014. (also available here)
- ^ "Sale of a painting by the late Indian painter Francis Newton Souza has set a record for an Indian work of art". BBC News. 13 June 2008. Retrieved 20 December 2010.
- ^ [1] FN Souza’s ‘Birth’ sets new record, sold for $4 million at Christie’s New York auction. The Financial Express, 18 September 2015.
- ^ Christie's - The Art of Souza: Property from the Estate of Francis Newton Souza
- ^ "Supper at Emmaus with the Believer and the Sceptic by Francis Newton Souza". Your Paintings. BBC. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
External links
- "Souza". (website on Souza by art critic Srimati Lal)
- "SOUZA, Francis Newton - Artist Profile (1924-2002)". Grosvenor Gallery. London.
- "F N Souza". Saffron Art Gallery. Mumbai.
- "Francis Newton Souza". Ruki's Art Gallery. New Delhi.
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