Franz Mehring
Franz Erdmann Mehring (1846–1919), was a German publicist, politician and historian.
Biography
Early years
Franz Mehring was born 27 February 1846 in Schlawe, Pomerania, the son of a bourgeois family.[1]
Political career
He worked for various daily and weekly newspapers and over many years wrote lead articles for the weekly magazine Die Neue Zeit. In 1868 he moved to Berlin to study and worked in the editorial office of the Die Zukunft newspaper.
From 1871–1874, Mehring worked for the Correspondence Office in Oldenburg, writing reports on sessions of the Reichstag and the local parliament. He became a well-known parliamentary reporter, working for the Frankfurter Zeitung newspaper and Die Waage, a newspaper published by Leopold Sonnemann (1831–1909).
Mehring left Die Waage after an argument with Sonnemann and in 1884 became chief editor of the liberal Berlin Volks-Zeitung newspaper. He spoke out against Bismarck’s law banning Socialism although he was himself a member of the bourgeoisie.
In 1891 Mehring joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).
Between 1902 and 1907 Mehring was the chief editor of the Social Democratic Leipziger Volkszeitung newspaper.[1] From 1906 to 1911 he taught at the SPD’s Party school. He was a member of the Prussian parliament from 1917 to 1918.
During the First World War Mehring began to distance himself from the SPD. In 1916 the left-wing Marxist revolutionary Spartacus League was founded and Mehring was one of its main leaders alongside Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg.[1] Mehring was sympathetic to the Bolshevik organization in Russia and to the cause of the October Revolution.[1]
Mehring wrote a Marxist analysis of the actions of Swedish warrior king Gustavus Adolphus which rejected the official explanation of the Thirty Years' War as having been rooted in religion, arguing instead that the economic and social interests of various classes were the actual spurs to action.
In 1918, "after long and irritating delays owing to the military censorship" (according to the English translator Edward Fitzgerald, 1935 U.S. edition), Mehring's Karl Marx: The Story of His Life was published.[2] The classical biography of Marx,[2] it was dedicated to fellow Spartacist Clara Zetkin. The book was later translated into many languages, including Russian (1920), Danish (1922), Hungarian (1925), Japanese (1930), Spanish (1932), and English (1935).[3]
Death and legacy
Already in ill health, Mehring was deeply affected by the murder of his comrades Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht in January 1919.[1] He died just under two weeks later, on 28 January 1919 in Berlin.
Mehring's papers reside as fond 201 at the Russian Center for Preservation and Research of Modern Historical Documents (RCChIDNI), in Moscow.[4] This material is also available for use by scholars on three reels of microfilm, with permission required by the RCChIDNI before extensive extracts may be published.
Mehringdamm, Mehringplatz, and the NVA Air Force Officer's Academy that was located in Kamenz were all named after him.
Footnotes
- ^ a b c d e Pierre Broué, The German Revolution, 1917-1923 (1971). John Archer, trans. Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2006; pg. 977.
- ^ a b McLellan, David (1995). Karl Marx: A Biography. London: Papermac. p. 444. ISBN 0-333-63947-2.
- ^ WorldCat search, conducted August 19, 2010.
- ^ Franz Mehring Papers, International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam.
External links
- Franz Mehring Internet Archive, Marxists Internet Archive.
