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Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg

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Not to be confused with Duke Frederick of Saxe-Altenburg (1599–1625).
Frederick
Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
prev. Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen
Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
Reign1826–1834
PredecessorNew Creation
SuccessorJoseph
Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen
Reign1780–1826
PredecessorErnest Frederick III
SuccessorDissolved
RegentPrince Joseph
Born(1763-04-29)29 April 1763
Hildburghausen
Died29 September 1834(1834-09-29) (aged 71)
Jagdhaus Hummelshain, Altenburg
SpouseDuchess Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
IssuePrince Joseph Georg
Catherine Charlotte, Princess Paul of Württemberg
Princess Caroline
Joseph
Princess Fredericke
Therese, Queen of Bavaria
Louise, Duchess of Nassau
Prince Franz Frederick
Georg
Prince Frederick Wilhelm
Prince Maximilian
Prince Eduard
HouseHouse of Saxe-Hildburghausen
FatherErnest Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen
MotherErnestine of Saxe-Weimar
ReligionLutheranism

Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (Hildburghausen, 29 April 1763 – Jagdhaus Hummelshain, Altenburg, 29 September 1834), was duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1780–1826) and duke of Saxe-Altenburg (1826–1834).

Biography

He was the youngest child, but only son, of Ernst Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen, by his third wife, Ernestine of Saxe-Weimar.

Succession

Frederick succeeded his father Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen in 1780, when only seventeen years old; because of this, his great grand uncle, the prince Joseph of Saxe-Hildburghausen, assumed the regency on his behalf, this regency only ended in 1787 at the death of Prince Joseph.

Until 1806 he was subject to the restrictions of the imperial debit commission, which had placed the duchy of Saxe-Hildburghausen under official administration, because of his predecessors' dissolute financial policy. In 1806 Frederick joined the Confederation of the Rhine, and in 1815 the German Confederation, under whose guarantee he gave 1818 the duchy a new basic condition.

Marriage and issue

In Hildburghausen on 3 September 1785, Frederick married Duchess Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. They had twelve children:

  1. Joseph Georg Karl Frederick (b. Hildburghausen, 12 June 1786 – d. Hildburghausen, 30 July 1786).
  2. Katharina Charlotte Georgine Fredericka Sofie Therese (b. Hildburghausen, 17 June 1787 – d. Bamberg, 12 December 1847), married on 28 September 1805 to Prince Paul of Württemberg.
  3. Caroline Auguste (b. and d. Hildburghausen, 29 July 1788).
  4. Joseph Georg Friedrich Ernst Karl, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (b. Hildburghausen, 27 August 1789 – d. Altenburg, 25 November 1868).
  5. Fredericke Luise Marie Caroline Auguste Christiane (b. Hildburghausen, 18 January 1791 – d. Hildburghausen, 25 March 1791).
  6. Therese Charlotte Luise Friederike Amalie (b. Hildburghausen, 8 July 1792 – d. Munich, 26 October 1854), married on 12 October 1810 to King Ludwig I of Bavaria.
  7. Charlotte Luise Fredericka Amalie Alexandrine (b. Hildburghausen, 28 January 1794 – d. Biebrich, 6 April 1825), married on 24 June 1814 to Wilhelm, Duke of Nassau.
  8. Franz Frederick Karl Ludwig Georg Heinrich (b. Hildburghausen, 13 April 1795 – d. Hildburghausen, 28 May 1800).
  9. Georg, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (b. Hildburghausen, 24 July 1796 – d. Hummelshain, 3 August 1853).
  10. Frederick Wilhelm Karl Joseph Ludwig Georg (b. Hildburghausen, 4 October 1801 – d. Altenburg, 1 July 1870).
  11. Maximilian Karl Adolf Heinrich (b. Hildburghausen, 19 February 1803 – d. Hildburghausen, 29 March 1803).
  12. Eduard Karl Wilhelm Christian (b. Hildburghausen, 3 July 1804 – d. Munich, 16 May 1852).

Frederick was considered popular and intelligent. During his reign, along with his beautiful wife, Charlotte, cultural life in the small town reached its zenith. So many poets and artists spent their time there that Hildburghausen was nicknamed "Klein-Weimar" (Little Weimar). When the last duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg died without issue in 1825, the other branches of the house decided on a rearrangement of the Ernestine duchies. On 12 November 1826, Frederick became Duke of Saxe-Altenburg, to which he gave a first Basic Law in the year 1831; in exchange, he ceded Saxe-Hildburghausen to the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen.

Ancestry

Family of Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
16. Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen
8. Ernest Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen
17. Sophie of Waldeck
4. Ernest Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen
18. George Louis I, Count of Erbach-Erbach
9. Countess Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach
19. Amalie Katharina, Countess of Waldeck-Eisenberg
2. Ernest Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen
20. George Albert II, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau
10.Philipp Charles, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau
21. Anna Dorothea Christine, Countess of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg
5. Caroline of Erbach-Fürstenau
22. Johannes Dietrich, Count of Kunowitz
11.Countess Charlotte Amalie von Kunowitz
23. Dorothea, Countess of Lippe-Brake
1. Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
24. Johann Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar
12.Johann Ernst III, Duke of Saxe-Weimar
25. Christine Elisabeth of Holstein-Sonderburg
6. Ernest August I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar
26. John VI, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst
13.Sophie Auguste of Anhalt-Zerbst
27. Sophie Augusta, Duchess of Holstein-Gottorp
3. Ernestine of Saxe-Weimar
28. Christian Henry, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach
14.George Frederick Charles, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
29. Countess Sophie Christiane of Wolfstein
7. Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
30. Frederick Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
15.Princess Dorothea of Schelswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
31. Louise Charlotte, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
Born: 29 April 1763 Died: 29 September 1834
Preceded by Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen
1780–1826 		became Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
Preceded byas Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
1826–1834 		Succeeded by
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