Fritillaria liliacea
| Fragrant fritillary | |
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| Species: | F. liliacea
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| Binomial name | |
| Fritillaria liliacea Lindl.
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Fritillaria liliacea, commonly known as fragrant fritillary, is a threatened perennial herb in the lily family . It is native to the region surrounding San Francisco Bay in California.[2][3][4]
Description
The bell-shaped white flowers have greenish stripes and are set on a nodding pedicel of about 37 centimeters in height. The blossoms are odorless to faintly fragrant.[5] Fritillia liliacea prefers heavy soils including clays; for example, andesitic and basaltic soils derived from the Sonoma Volcanic soil layers are suitable substrate for this species.[6]
Distribution
The range of this wildflower is over parts of southwestern Northern California, USA, especially Solano and Sonoma Counties and at coastal locations south to Monterey County; occurrence is typically in open hilly grasslands at altitudes less than 200 meters in elevation.[7][3]
This California endemic has been a candidate for listing as a U.S. Federally endangered species, and some of the remaining fragmented colonies are at risk of local extinction, such that the species is considered locally endangered. Example occurrences are: Edgewood Park in San Mateo County and the Sonoma Mountains foothills in Sonoma County. Examples of highly fragmented or extirpated colonies are in San Francisco due to urban development.[8]
See also
References
- ^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ^ Flora of North America, Vol. 26 Page 169, Fragrant fritillary, Fritillaria liliacea Lindley
- ^ a b Biota of North America Program, 2014 county distribution map, Fritillaria liliacea Lindley
- ^ Calflora taxon report, Fritillaria liliacea Lindley, fragrant fritillary
- ^ Flora of North America: dichotomous key to Fritillia species of North America
- ^ C.Michael Hogan, John Torrey, Brian McElroy et al., Environmental Impact Report, Southeast Santa Rosa Annexation 2-88, Earth Metrics Inc., Report 7941, California State Clearinghouse, Sacramento, Ca., March 1990
- ^ Jepson Manual, University of California Press (1993)
- ^ California Native Plant Society, Rare Plant Program. 2015. Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants, Fritillaria liliacea
