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Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis

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"Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis" is a 1986 paper by Joan Wallach Scott, originally published in the American Historical Review (AHR), and reprinted as part of Scott's 1989 book Gender and the Politics of History. It is one of the most cited papers in the history of the AHR.[1] In 2008, the AHR focused its December issue on the paper, featuring six articles on the paper, including one by Scott herself.[1] At that time, "Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis" was the most-visited AHR article on JSTOR, having been accessed more than 38,000 times since 1997 – more than 16,000 more views than the next most popular of that journal's articles.

Argument

The paper begins by discussing three existing theoretical approaches to gender.[2] Scott then provides her own definition of gender in two parts: gender is based on the perceived differences between the sexes, but is also a way of signifying power differentials.[3] This second part of the definition is, according to William Sewell, "important and contentious", making a claim for the importance of gender in all areas of history.[2] The paper argues that the field of gender history should focus on social and political construction of gender.[4] It is, according to Dyan Elliott, a manifesto for the use of gender as a way of looking at the history of "male institutions".[5] The paper was influenced by the French philosophers Jacques Derrida and Michel Foucault,[6] and Scott was influenced by the linguistic turn in history.[2]

Reception

Many of the initial reactions to Scott's paper were highly negative. She has said that when she first presented it at a seminar in 1985, the audience "were, to a man, appalled".[7] Joanne Meyerowitz comments that an early critic accused Scott's paper of "nihilism, presentism, ahistoricism, obfuscation, elitism, obeisance to patriarchy, ethnocentrism, irrelevance, and possibly racism".[6] Other critics were more positive. Linda Kerber called the paper "dazzling",[8] while William Sewell called it an "instant classic".[4]

Legacy

Scott's 1986 paper had a significantly longer-term impact than most. It was reprinted in 1988 as part of Gender and the Politics of History, a collection of Scott's essays on gender history, which was reissued in 1999 in a revised edition. Scott herself has published two papers responding to it: "Unanswered Questions" in 2008 and "Gender: Still a Useful Category of Analysis?" in 2010. Its impact is strong even outside of the English-speaking world; Lola Sanchez called the Spanish translation of the paper "one of the most important texts of the past twenty-five years" for feminist scholars in Spain.[9]

In 2008, Joanne Meyerowitz wrote that it had "no discernible date of expiration".[10] By that time, it was required reading for "dozens of syllabi";[10] it was described as "canonical" by the American Historical Review;[11] and it was the most-accessed article in the history of the American Historical Review on JSTOR.[10] Meyerowitz credits the paper with a "significant part in the broader shift from social to cultural history".[12]

References

  1. ^ a b Schneider 2008
  2. ^ a b c Sewell 1990, p. 75
  3. ^ Scott 1986, p. 1067
  4. ^ a b Sewell 1990, p. 71
  5. ^ Elliott 2008, p. 1392
  6. ^ a b Meyerowitz 2008, p. 1347
  7. ^ Scott 2008, p. 1422
  8. ^ Kerber 1991, p. 91
  9. ^ Sanchez 2014, p. 571
  10. ^ a b c Meyerowitz 2008, p. 1346
  11. ^ American Historical Review 2008, p. 1344
  12. ^ Meyerowitz 2008, p. 1353

Bibliography

  • American Historical Review (2008). "Introduction to Revisiting 'Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis' ". The American Historical Review. 113 (5): 1344–1345. doi:10.1086/ahr.113.5.1344. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Elliott, Dyan (2008). "The Three Ages of Joan Scott". The American Historical Review. 113 (5): 1390–1403. doi:10.1086/ahr.113.5.1390. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Kerber, Linda K. (1991). "Review, Joan Wallach Scott Gender and the Politics of History". International Labour and Working Class History. 39. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Meyerowitz, Joanne (2008). "A History of "Gender"". The American Historical Review. 113 (5): 1346–1356. doi:10.1086/ahr.113.5.1346. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Schneider, Robert A. (December 2008). "What's in the December AHR?". Perspectives on History. American Historical Review. {{cite news}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Sanchez, Lola (2014). "Translations that Matter: About a Foundational Text of Feminist Studies in Spain". Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society. 39 (3). doi:10.1086/674181.
  • Scott, Joan Wallach (1986). "Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis". The American Historical Review. 91 (5): 1053. doi:10.2307/1864376. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Scott, Joan Wallach (2008). "Unanswered Questions". The American Historical Review. 113 (5): 1422–1430. doi:10.1086/ahr.113.5.1422. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Sewell, William H. (1990). "Review, Joan Wallach Scott Gender and the Politics of History". History and Theory. 29 (1). {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
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