Giraavaru people
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
 Maldives | |
| Languages | |
| Dhivehi | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Maldivians, Tamils, Dravidians |
The Giraavaru people are indigenous people of the Giravaaru islands that is part of Maldives. They are considered to be the earliest island community of the Maldives, predating Buddhism and the arrival of Indo-Aryan speakers in the archipelago. Their ancestors were ancient Tamil people who they referred to as 'Tamila'.[1][2] Other mainstream Maldivians considered them to be of lower social status.[3] They lived on the island of Giravaaru until 1972, but were later relocated to Male',[3] the nation's capital where they were assimilated in with the local social groups.[3]
Etymology
[edit]The name Giraavaru is thought to be derived from the words gira meaning "eroding" and varu meaning "people" or "islanders".[4]
Origins
[edit]The Giraavaru origins are descendants of people from Malabar Coast of India and northwestern shores of Sri Lanka, who probably settled on the island around the Sangam period (300BC–300AD)[5][6] They are mentioned in the legend about the establishment of the capital and kingly rule in Malé, where the Giraavaru people granted permission to a visiting king Koimala Kalo prior to the foundation of his kingdom on Malé.[7] They heavily mixed with Indo-Aryan speakers to create Modern Dhivehi people.[2]
They were strictly monogamous and prohibited divorce. Their folklore was preserved in song and dance. Their music was audibly different from that of the other islanders. The most distinct items were the necklaces of tiny blue beads which no other Maldivian wore.[2]
It is said that the Giraavaru people were always headed by a woman and that throughout Maldivian history, a woman (foolhuma-dhaitha), represented the Sultan's civil authority in Giravaru Island.[citation needed] The Sultans of the Maldives used to recognize the autonomy of the Giraavaru people and did not apply quite the same laws on them as they did on the rest of their realm. The Giravaru people never seemed to recognize the sovereignty of the Sultans fully.[citation needed] Ordinary Maldivians were required to address the Malé nobility in a different level of speech. However, the Giravaru people did not observe this custom and addressed the Malé nobility as they would usually address themselves.[citation needed] It was believed that the Giravaru people were mortally scared of toads. Things changed in 1932 when a written constitution was adopted. The customary rights of the indigenous[citation needed] Giraavaru people were not recognized in that document. Any rights they seemed to have enjoyed under the absolute rule of the Sultans were extinguished by default.[2]
End of the culture
[edit]In 1968, due to heavy erosion of the island and as a result, reduction of the community to a few members, they were forced to abandon their island under an Islamic regulation that did not recognize communities with fewer than 40 adult males, which was the minimum required for the regular performance of Friday prayers. The Giraavaru people were ferried across the atoll lagoon to Hulhulé Island and resettled there. When the airport there was extended they were shifted across to Malé and housed in a few blocks in newly reclaimed areas in the Maafanu district.[8]
The distinct Giraavaru culture swiftly disappeared when the Giraavaru young people were assimilated into the wider Malé society through intermarriage. "Pure" Giraavaru are now thought to be extinct.[citation needed]
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Clarence Mahoney , People of the Maldive Islands (Himayatnagar , Hyderabad : Orient Blackswan, 2013), p.55
- ^ a b c d Maloney, Clarence. "Maldives People". Retrieved 2008-06-22.
- ^ a b c Kulikov, L.I. (2014). "Traces of castes and other social strata in the Maldives: a case study of social stratification in a diachronic perspective (ethnographic, historic, and linguistic evidence)". Zeitschrift für Ethnologie. 139 (2): 199–213 [203]. hdl:1887/32215.
- ^ Godfrey, Tim (April 1998). Dive Maldives: a guide to the Maldives Archipelago. Atoll Editions. p. 25. ISBN 9781876410001.
- ^ Ellis, Royston (2008-01-01). Maldives. Bradt Travel Guides. ISBN 9781841622668.
- ^ Xavier Romero-Frias, The Maldive Islanders, A Study of the Popular Culture of an Ancient Ocean Kingdom
- ^ Maloney, Clarence (2013). People of the Maldive Islands. Orient Blackswan. pp. 30–31. ISBN 978-81-250-5019-3.
- ^ Gnanadesikan, Amalia E. (2017-01-28). Dhivehi: The Language of the Maldives. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 9781614512349.
References
[edit]- H. C. P. Bell, The Maldive Islands; Monograph on the History, Archaeology and Epigraphy. Reprint Colombo 1940. Council for Linguistic and Historical Research. Male’ 1989
- Xavier Romero-Frias, The Maldive Islanders, A Study of the Popular Culture of an Ancient Ocean Kingdom. Barcelona 1999, ISBN 84-7254-801-5
External links
[edit]- Ahmed Mauloof, The Giraavaru people