Goniastrea retiformis

Goniastrea retiformis
	Goniastrea retiformis
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Cnidaria
Class:	Hexacorallia
Order:	Scleractinia
Family:	Merulinidae
Genus:	Goniastrea
Species:	G. retiformis
Binomial name
	Goniastrea retiformis; (Lamarck, 1816)
Synonyms
	List Astraea eximia Dana, 1846; Astraea retiformis Lamarck, 1816; Astraea spongia Ehrenberg, 1834; Astrea retiformis Lamarck, 1816; Goniastrea bournoni Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849; Goniastrea eximia (Dana, 1846);

Goniastrea retiformis is a species of stony corals in the family Merulinidae. It is native to shallow water in the Indo-Pacific region.

Description

This species forms massive colonies, domed, flat or columnar, reaching a maximum diameter of 50 centimetres (20 in) and a height of 1 metre (3 ft 3 in). It has small deep calices, usually with a diameter of 3–4 millimetres (0.12–0.16 in). Corallites are recessed, four to six sided. The basic color of these corals is cream or pale brown, but it may also be brown, pink or green.^[2]^[3]

Distribution and habitat

This quite common species can be found in the Indo-West Pacific, the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean and the Australian coast. It occurs on reef slopes, especially in shallow waters.^[2]

Biology

Goniastrea retiformis is a zooxanthellate species of coral.^[2] It obtains most of its nutritional needs from the symbiotic dinoflagellates that live inside its soft tissues. These photosynthetic organisms provide the coral with organic carbon and nitrogen, sometimes providing up to 90% of their host's energy needs for metabolism and growth. Its remaining needs are met by the planktonic organisms caught by the tentacles of the polyps.^[4]

Status

This coral is a common species with a wide range and large total population size which makes it more resilient than some coral species. The main threats faced by corals are related to the mechanical destruction of their coral reef habitats and climate change; these include increasing damage from extreme weather events, rising sea water temperatures and ocean acidification. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed the conservation status of this species as being of "least concern". All corals receive protection by being listed on CITES Appendix II.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b DeVantier, L.; Hodgson, G.; Huang, D.; Johan, O.; Licuanan, A.; Obura, D.O.; Sheppard, C.; Syahrir, M.; Turak, E. (2014). "Goniastrea retiformis". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014. IUCN: e.T133634A54295467. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T133634A54295467.en. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d WoRMS
^ AIMS Coral Fact Sheets
^ Ruppert, Edward E.; Fox, Richard, S.; Barnes, Robert D. (2004). Invertebrate Zoology (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 122. ISBN 978-81-315-0104-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[iucn-1] DeVantier, L.; Hodgson, G.; Huang, D.; Johan, O.; Licuanan, A.; Obura, D.O.; Sheppard, C.; Syahrir, M.; Turak, E. (2014). "Goniastrea retiformis". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014. IUCN: e.T133634A54295467. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T133634A54295467.en. Retrieved 5 January 2018.

[fa-2] WoRMS

[3] AIMS Coral Fact Sheets

[Ruppert-4] Ruppert, Edward E.; Fox, Richard, S.; Barnes, Robert D. (2004). Invertebrate Zoology (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 122. ISBN 978-81-315-0104-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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