View source for Guy-Victor Duperré

{{redirect| Duperré|the school of applied arts in Paris|École Duperré}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2007}}
{{use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox military person
| name          =Guy-Victor Duperré
| image         = Guy-Victor Duperre.jpeg
| caption       =
| birth_date          = {{Birth date|1775|2|20|df=y}}
| death_date          = {{Death date and age|1846|11|2|1775|2|20|df=y}}
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial =
| birth_place  = [[La Rochelle]], France
| death_place  =Paris, France
| placeofburial_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} -->
| nickname      =
| allegiance    =France
| branch        =[[French Navy]]
| serviceyears  =1792–1843
| rank          = [[Admiral of France]]
| servicenumber =
| unit          =
| commands      =
| battles       = 
{{tree list}}
* [[French Revolutionary Wars]]
* [[Napoleonic Wars]]
** [[Mauritius campaign of 1809–11|Mauritius Campaign]]
** [[Action of 3 July 1810]]
** [[Battle of Grand Port]]
* [[Invasion of Algiers in 1830]]
{{tree list/end}}
| awards        = [[Nobility of the First French Empire|Peer of the Empire]]<br />[[Peerage of France|Peer of France]]<br />{{nowrap|Inscription on the [[Arc de Triomphe]]}}<br />[[Légion d'honneur]]
| relations     =
| laterwork     =[[Préfet maritime]] of Brest<br />[[List of Naval Ministers of France|Minister of the Navy]]
}}
[[File:Statue Amiral Duperré 002.jpg|thumb|upright|Statue of Duperré in La Rochelle]]
[[Admiral of France]] '''Guy-Victor Duperré''' (20 February 1775 – 2 November 1846) was a [[French Navy]] officer and nobleman. He is known for commanding French naval forces in the [[Mauritius campaign of 1809–1811]] and was victorious in the [[Battle of Grand Port]], where he was wounded. Later he had a command in the Mediterranean and continued to serve during and after the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]]. He commanded the naval elements of the expeditionary force that carried out the [[Invasion of Algiers in 1830]] and went on to become [[List of Naval Ministers of France|Minister of the Navy]] three times.

==Early years and education==
Duperré was born on20 February 1775 in [[La Rochelle]]<ref>B. Barbiche, ''Les institutions de la monarchie française à l'époque moderne'', Presses universitaires de France, 1999.</ref> to Jean Augustin Duperré, counselor of the king and financer for war, and Marie-Gabrielle Prat-Desprez.

He spent a few years with the [[Oratory of Saint Philip Neri]] at the [[Collège de Juilly]], before enlisting at 16 on the ''Henri IV'', a French [[East Indiaman]].{{cn|date=September 2022}}

==Career==
===Revolutionary wars===
In November 1792, Duperré joined the [[French Navy]] at the beginning of the [[French Revolutionary Wars]]. He served against the Netherlands and Britain aboard the [[corvette]] ''Maire-Guiton'', and later aboard the frigate ''Tortu''. In May 1796, he was made an auxiliary ensign aboard the [[French frigate Virginie (1794)|''Virginie'']]. In June, he was captured by the British during a night fight. He was exchanged two years later and made a full rank ensign, taking command of the corvette ''Pélagie''.

In 1804, he was made a [[lieutenant de vaisseau]], and later assistant of the [[préfet maritime]] of [[Boulogne-sur-Mer]]. In 1806, he served off Brazil aboard the ''[[French ship Vétéran (1803)|Vétéran]]'', under [[Jérôme Bonaparte]]. Back to France, he was promoted to [[capitaine de frégate]] on 28 September. In 1808, commanding the frigate [[French frigate Sirène (1795)|''Sirène'']], he led a troop convoy to [[Martinique]]; returning to France, he was intercepted by a British blockade off [[Lorient]], and managed to escape by beaching his ship.

Napoléon made him a [[capitaine de vaisseau]] and knight of the [[Légion d'honneur]], before promoting him to Commodore. On 6 December 1810, Duperré was made Baron of the Empire.

Duperré was sent to the [[Isle de France (Mauritius)|Isle de France]] (now [[Mauritius]]) aboard the frigate [[French frigate Bellone (1807)|''Bellone'']], fighting several British ships in the process, notably the [[action of 3 July 1810]]. On 23 August 1810, he won the [[Battle of Grand Port]], completely destroying a British squadron. He was wounded in this battle. The naval victory made its way on the Arc de Triomphe. In recognition, Duperré was promoted to [[contre-amiral]] when he returned to France in September 1811.

From 1812 to 1814, Duperré commanded the Italian and French naval forces in the Mediterranean and the Adriatic. In 1814, he defended Venice against Austria.
[[File:Bombardementd alger-1830.jpg|thumb|The attack of Admiral Duperré during the takeover of [[Algiers]] in 1830]]
===Bourbon restoration===
Duperré was made [[Préfet maritime]] of [[Toulon]] during the [[Hundred Days]], and was retired during the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]]. In 1818, he was brought back to active duty. He commanded the squadron which blockaded [[Cadiz]] during the war which reinstated [[Ferdinand VII of Spain]] on the throne. In October 1823, he was made [[vice-admiral]], ''grand officier de la [[Légion d'honneur]]'' and Commander of the [[Order of Saint Louis]] in 1824. In 1827, he was made Préfet maritime of [[Brest, France|Brest]] and inspector of the 5th ''arrondissement militaire''.

Though Duperré  was critical towards the expedition against [[Algiers]], [[Charles X of France|Charles X]] made him commander of the fleet which ferried troops under [[Louis-Auguste-Victor, Count de Ghaisnes de Bourmont|Bourmont]] to depose the Algerian Regency. The fleet of the [[invasion of Algiers in 1830|invasion of Algiers]] and [[shipwreck of Dellys]] was 103 warships strong, with 572 freighters ferrying 35&nbsp;000 soldiers, 3&nbsp;800 horses and 91 heavy guns. In recognition for his role, Duperré was made [[pair de France]] on 16 July 1830.
[[File:Portrait de l Amiral Duperre in 1855 par Claude Jacquand 1804 1878.jpg|thumb|Portrait of Admiral Duperré, 1855, by [[Claudius Jacquand]]]]

=== July monarchy ===
After the [[July Revolution]], all pairages were cancelled as a whole. Duperré was reinstated [[pair de France]] by [[Louis-Philippe I of France|Louis-Philippe]] on 18 August 1830, and promoted to Admiral in March 1831. Then in Africa, Duperré was called back to France and made chief of the council of the Admiralty.

On 18 November 1834, Duperré became [[List of Naval Ministers of France|Naval Minister]] in [[Édouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph Mortier|Mortier]]'s government. He retained the office in [[Victor, 3rd duc de Broglie|de Broglie]]'s and [[Adolphe Thiers|Thiers]]' governments, and got out of office when Thiers' government collapsed on the 16 September 1836. Duperré came back to office on 12 May 1839 in [[Jean-de-Dieu Soult|Soult]]'s second government. In 1840, a budget project for the [[Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours|Duke of Nemours]] was rejected, which made the government collapse; Duperré then said: "The ministry has received a round shot in the belly, which has gone to hit the wood of the Crown." Duperré came back again to the ministry on the 29 October 1840 in Soult's third government, until he retired for health reasons on 6 February 1843.
[[File:Arc de Triomphe mg 6848.jpg|thumb|upright|Name on the Arc de Triomphe (2nd column, 6th from top)]]
==Death and honours==
Duperré died on 2 November 1846 in [[Saint-Servan]], [[Brittany]]. Admiral [[Jean Tupinier]] said a eulogy in the chamber of the pairs de France.

He was buried in the [[Invalides]] in a national funeral. 

His name is carved on the [[Arc de Triomphe]] in Paris.

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|
title=[[Minister of Marine (France)|Ministers of Marine and the Colonies]]|
before= [[Charles, baron Dupin]]|
after= [[Claude Charles Marie du Campe de Rosamel]]|
years= 18 November 1834{{snd}}6 September 1836}}
{{Succession box|
title=[[Minister of Marine (France)|Ministers of Marine and the Colonies]]|
before= [[Jean Marguerite Tupinier]]|
after= [[Albin Reine, baron Roussin]]|
years= 12 May 1839{{snd}}1 March 1840}}
{{Succession box|
title=[[Minister of Marine (France)|Ministers of Marine and the Colonies]]|
before= [[Albin Reine, baron Roussin]]|
after= [[Albin Reine, baron Roussin]]|
years= 29 October 1840{{snd}}7 February 1843}}
{{S-end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Cabinet of Édouard Adolphe Mortier}}
{{Cabinet of Victor de Broglie}}
{{First cabinet of Adolphe Thiers}}
{{Second cabinet of Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult}}
{{Third cabinet of Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Duperre, Guy}}
[[Category:Admirals of France]]
[[Category:1775 births]]
[[Category:People from La Rochelle]]
[[Category:1846 deaths]]
[[Category:Ministers of marine and the colonies]]
[[Category:French naval commanders of the Napoleonic Wars]]
[[Category:Peers of France]]
[[Category:Barons of the First French Empire]]
[[Category:Members of the Chamber of Peers of the Bourbon Restoration]]
[[Category:Members of the Chamber of Peers of the July Monarchy]]
[[Category:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of Saint Louis]]
[[Category:Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe]]