Gwenda Hawkes
Gwenda Hawkes | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 1894 |
| Died | 27 May 1990 |
| Occupation(s) | Ambulance driver, racing driver |
| Spouse(s) |
Colonel Sam Janson (m. 1920)Colonel Robert N Stewart
(m. 1924) |
Gwenda Mary Hawkes (previously Gwenda Mary Stewart and prior to that Gwenda Mary Janson, and born Gwenda Mary Glubb in 1894 in Preston, England – died 27 May 1990) was notable as an ambulance driver in World War I and later as a motor racing driver and speed record holder.
Early life
Hawkes was born in 1894 in Preston, England to Major General Sir Frederic Manley Glubb and Frances Letitia Bagot and grew up as Gwenda Mary Glubb.[4][5]
War record
Hawkes' father was an officer in the British Army who fought in the Boer Wars, and later became Chief Engineer of the British Second Army in World War I (WWI) and her brother, John Bagot Glubb, who was also a British soldier who fought in WWI, became known as Glubb Pasha as commander of the Arab Legion from 1939 until 1956 - Pasha being an Arab honorary title.[4][6]
Hawkes herself served during WWI as an ambulance driver, and as a result of her skill and endeavours on both the Russian Front and Rumanian Front during 1914-1918, she was awarded both the Cross of St. George and the Cross of St. Stanislaus and was also mentioned in despatches.[7]
Motor-cycle racing
Following her marriage to Colonel Sam Janson, a director of the Spyker car company, on 17 February 1920 in Brompton, Hawkes became interested in motor-cycle racing, competing in events at Brooklands.[5][6]
In the winter of 1921, Hawkes established the 1000-mile record on a Ner-A-Car motor-cycle and in 1922 took the Double-12-hour record at Brooklands on a Trump-JAP.[7]
Hawkes spent time away from home whilst participating in motor-cycling events, and the close relationship that she developed with Colonel Neil Stewart, who was involved with the company who provided her motor-cycles, resulted in Janson divorcing her in 1923.[5][6]
Hawkes and Stewart married, and, as a result of night-time restrictions on the use of the circuit at Brooklands interfering with Hawkes' motor-cycle record breaking activities, the pair moved to France to be closer to the unrestricted circuit at Montlhéry.[6] At the Montlhéry circuit, Hawkes broke the world 24-hour motor-cycle speed record on a Terrot-Jap machine.[6]
At Montlhéry, Gwenda met Douglas Hawkes, who became one of her mechanics.[6]
Motor-car racing
Douglas Hawkes was a director of the Derby engine and car company and was able to source a Miller Special from the United States. In the period between 1930 and 1933, in the Miller-derived car specially prepared by Derby and designated as a Derby-Miller, Gwenda broke the one-mile speed record several times at Montlhéry.[6]
Gwenda also competed on two occasions, with little success, in the 24 Hours of Le Mans event, at the wheel of a Derby car using a Maserati engine.[6] In 1935 she became the fastest woman ever at Brooklands, with a lap speed of 135.95 miles per hour which bettered the previous lap record set by Kay Petre.[8]
Gwenda's affair with Douglas Hawkes resulted in her divorce from Stewart, and her marriage in 1937 to Hawkes as her third husband.[6][9]
Later life
In 1940, after the start of the World War II (WWII), Gwenda and Douglas Hawkes moved to England, where Mrs Hawkes took up work in an armaments factory to help the war effort.[6]
After WWII, they moved to the small Greek island of Poros.[6]
Douglas Hawkes died in 1974 and Gwenda died in 1990, aged 96.[6]
References
- ^ England and Wales births 1894 Retrieved 15 January 2015
- ^ England and Wales marriages 1920 Retrieved 15 January 2015
- ^ England and Wales marriages 1924 Retrieved 15 January 2015
- ^ a b Croker, H. W. (2011). The Politically Incorrect Guide to the British Empire. Regnery Publishing.
- ^ a b c "Army Officer as Co-Respondent". The Times. 17 February 1923. p. 4.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Bouzanquet, Jean Francois (2009). 1888-1970 Fast Ladies: Female Racing Drivers. Veloce Publishing.
- ^ a b "Gwenda Hawkes (1894 - 1990)". Legends of Race and Rally. Unique Cars & Parts. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
- ^ Grant, Alistair (2009). "Gwenda Hawkes". The Elmbridge Hundred. Alistair Grant and Elmbridge Museum. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
- ^ Boddy, William. Montlhéry: The story of the Paris Autodrome. Veloce.