HMS Invincible (1747)
50°44′34″N 01°02′23″W / 50.74278°N 1.03972°W
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
.svg){kind=small} France | |
| Name | Invincible |
| Builder | Rochefort |
| Laid down | May 1741 |
| Launched | 21 October 1744 |
| Captured | 3 May 1747, by Royal Navy |
| Notes |
|
.svg){kind=small} Great Britain | |
| Name | HMS Invincible |
| Acquired | 3 May 1747 |
| Fate | Wrecked, 1758 |
| General characteristics (as re-measured by the British following her capture) | |
| Tons burthen | 1793 tons |
| Length | 171 ft 3 in (52.20 m) (gun deck length) |
| Beam | 49 ft 3 in (15.01 m) |
| Depth of hold | 21 ft 3 in (6.48 m) |
| Propulsion | Sails |
| Armament | 74 guns of various weights of shot |
The Invincible was originally a 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy launched in October 1744. Captured on 14 October 1747, she was taken into Royal Navy service as the third rate HMS Invincible.
During the early part of the 18th century British ship designers had made few significant advances in design, whereas French shipbuilding benefited from a remarkably creative period. At the time of the capture of Invincible, there was not one 74-gun ship in the Royal Navy. By 1805 at the battle of Trafalgar, three quarters of British ships of the line were of this singular design and the 74-gun ship had become the backbone of all major navies of the world.
Invincible was one of the first trio of a new and longer type of 74-gun ships. Until 1738, French 74s had been little more than 154 (French) feet in gundeck length,[1] carrying just thirteen pairs of 36-pdr guns on the lower deck, fourteen pairs of 18-pdr guns on the upper deck and eight pairs of 8-pdr guns on the quarterdeck and forecastle, with the balance of the 74 guns made up of four small 4-pdr guns on the poop.
This was changed by François Coulomb's design for the Terrible, launched in 1739 at Toulon. The gundeck length was stretched to 164 (French) feet, and the four small guns on the poop were eliminated, replaced by new gunports for an additional pair of 36-pdr guns on the lower deck and an extra pair of 18-pdr guns on the upper deck. This new gun establishment became the standard for all subsequent French 74s. The next two ships, Invincible designed by Pierre Morineau and Le Magnanime designed by Blaise Geslain, were begun in early 1741 at Rochefort and were each even longer than Le Terrible.
At the First Battle of Cape Finisterre (14 May 1747) during the War of the Austrian Succession, Invincible was escorting a convoy of merchant ships when she was sighted by the British channel fleet of 16 ships of the line, which gave chase. Invincible attacked the British ships to give the convoy a chance to escape, and alone engaged six British warships. In the end with most of her crew dead or wounded she struck her colours. Gracious in defeat, the French Commander, Saint-Georges, handed his sword to Admiral George Anson.
HMS Invincible sank in February 1758 when she hit a sandbank in the East Solent.[2] The ship remained upright for 3 days after its grounding allowing the crew to safely escape.[2] The wreck site was designated under the Protection of Wrecks Act on 30 September 1980.[2] In 1996 Amer Ved grounded at the wrecksite, although it is not clear whether or not this resulted in damage to the remains. In 2013 the wreck was placed on English Heritage's list of ten most at risk heritage sites due to parts of the ship being exposed by changing seabed levels.[3] In July 2016 it was announced that £2 million of the fines imposed for the Libor banking scandal would be used to fund an excavation of the wreck site.[4][5]
See also
References
Citations
- ^ note that the French (pre-metric) foot was about 6.5% longer than the British equivalent.
- ^ a b c Pritchard, Martin; McDonald, Kendall (1987). Dive Wight and Hampshire. Underwater World Publications. pp. 85–86. ISBN 0-946020-15-9.
- ^ "HMS Invincible wreck 'at risk' English Heritage site". BBC News. 10 October 2013. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
- ^ "Jo Cox: Libor fines donated to Batley and Spen MP-backed charity". BBC News. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
- ^ "LIBOR fines to be used to support military charities and Royal Voluntary Service - News stories - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
Bibliography
- Lavery, Brian, The Ship of the Line - Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650-1850 (Conway Maritime Press, 2003), ISBN 0-85177-252-8.
- Bingeman, John M. The First HMS Invincible (1747–58): Her Excavations (1980–1991) (Oxbow Books, 2010), ISBN 978-1-84217-393-0.
- Winfield, Rif (2007). British Warships of the Age of Sail 1714–1792: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth. ISBN 1-86176-295-X.
- Winfield, Rif; Roberts, Stephen (2017). French Warships in the Age of Sail 1626-1786: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4738-9351-1.