HM Prison Exeter
 HM Prison, Exeter in 2008 | |
 | |
| Location | Exeter, Devon |
|---|---|
| Security class | Adult Male/Local |
| Population | 533 (as of July 2005) |
| Opened | 1850 |
| Managed by | HM Prison Services |
| Governor | Jeannine Hendrick |
| Website | Exeter at justice.gov.uk |
HM Prison Exeter is a local men's prison, located in Exeter in the county of Devon, England. The term 'local' means that this prison holds people on remand to the local courts. Exeter Prison is operated by Her Majesty's Prison Service.
History
In the reign of King Henry I (1100–1135) the manor of Bicton, near Exeter, was granted by the king to John Janitor,[1] who held the manor by the feudal tenure of grand serjeanty requiring him to provide a county jail,[2] which was an honourable position of trust. The Latin noun Janitor means "door-keeper", generally understood in the sense janitor carceris, "door-keeper of a jail".[3] Thus the tenant took his surname from his form of tenure.[4] The county prison was later transferred to a building beneath[5] Exeter Castle[6] in the county capital Exeter, but the feudal tenant of Bicton was nevertheless for many centuries required to meet part of the repair and maintenance costs of the newly sited jail. The Devon topographer John Swete (d.1821) stated that Dennis Rolle Esq. (d.1797), the proprietor of Bicton at the time of his visit, had paid the sum of £1,000 to the Treasury to be released in perpetuity from his vestigial feudal liabilities.[7] The release was effected by an Act of Parliament in 1787, Public Act, 27 George III, c. 59 summarised as:[8]
"An Act for making and declaring the Gaol for the County of Devon, called the High Gaol, a Public and Common Gaol; and for discharging Denys Rolle and John Rolle Esquires, and their respective Heirs and Assigns, from the Office of Keeper of the said Gaol; and for improving and enlarging the same or building a new one; and also for taking down the Chapel in the Castle of Exeter; and for other Purposes therein mentioned".
The current Exeter prison was built in 1853, and is of a typical Victorian design, by local architect John Hayward.[9] The prison was based on the plan of the model prison at Pentonville, with four residential wings.
The prison has been the setting for many executions. Of particular note is the attempted execution of John Babbacombe Lee in February 1885. Three attempts were made to carry out his execution. All ended in failure as the trap door of the scaffold failed to open. This was despite the fact it had been carefully tested by James Berry, the executioner, beforehand. As a result, Home Secretary Sir William Harcourt commuted the sentence to life imprisonment. Lee continued to petition successive Home Secretaries and was finally released from Exeter prison in 1907.
Criticisms
In August 1999 a report by Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Prisons severely criticised conditions at Exeter prison, with some inmates still having to slop out despite government claims that the practice had been eradicated from all jails three years previously. The report went on to state that Exeter Prison seemed to be "at the end of the line" and that industrial relations there bordered on anarchy.[10]
A report issued by the Prison Reform Trust in May 2005 stated that Exeter was struggling with the result of overcrowding. The report criticised the lack of meaningful activities at the prison, resulting in inmates spending too much time locked in their cells. The report also noted, however, that Exeter Prison was among the best in the country at helping to rehabilitate offenders.[11] Exeter was highlighted again months later for its overcrowding by the Howard League for Penal Reform, who stated that the prison was running at 70% over capacity.[12]
In recent years, Exeter Prison has regularly featured in the Howard League for Penal Reform's list of most crowded prisons in the UK. In 2014, it was revealed that the number of prison staff employed at Exeter Prison had dropped by 32%, yet numbers of inmates still continued to remain as high. A 2013 inspection concluded that there were 'weaknesses and gaps' in the operation of the prison, and that the establishment was 'old and difficult to maintain.'[13]
The prison today
HMP Exeter accepts all male adults and young offenders committed to prison by the courts from Cornwall, Devon and West Somerset.
The prison offers prisoners employment in the kitchens, waste management, stores and domestic cleaning. Exeter also offers accredited training courses in education, computers, sports and vocational skills that link with local employer requirements. The prison was awarded 'across the board' Grade 2 accreditation by Ofsted in August 2013 for its Learning and Skills provision and continues to drive up the quality of their reducing reoffending services.
See also
External links
References
- ^ Pole, Sir William (d.1635), Collections Towards a Description of the County of Devon, Sir John-William de la Pole (ed.), London, 1791, p.163
- ^ Risdon, Tristram (d.1640), Survey of Devon, 1811 edition, London, 1811, with 1810 Additions, p.50; Pole, p.163
- ^ Cassell's Latin Dictionary
- ^ Swete, p.142
- ^ Pole, p.163
- ^ Risdon, p.51
- ^ Swete, Rev. John, Illustrated Journals of, published as Travels in Georgian Devon, The Illustrated Journals of the Reverend John Swete, 1789–1800, Gray, Todd & Rowe, Margery (Eds.),4 vols., Tiverton, Devon, 1998, Vol.2, pp. 140–145
- ^ Parliamentary Archives, catalogue entry. HL/PO/PU/1/1787/27G3n99 1787[1]
- ^ David Cornforth. "Exeter's Prisons". Exeter Memories. Retrieved 2013-04-10.
- ^ Nick Hopkins, Crime Correspondent (1999-08-12). "Conditions 'intolerable' at jail's segregation unit | UK news". The Guardian. Retrieved 2013-04-10.
{{cite web}}:|author=has generic name (help) - ^ "UK | England | Devon | Inmates spend too long in cells". BBC News. 2005-05-10. Retrieved 2013-04-10.
- ^ "UK | England | Devon | Prison on 'most overcrowded' list". BBC News. 2005-10-20. Retrieved 2013-04-10.
- ^ http://www.exeterexpressandecho.co.uk/Exeter-Prison-dangerously-overcrowded-claims/story-26797083-detail/story.html
