HNLMS De Ruyter (1935)

For other ships with the same name, see HNLMS De Ruyter.

History
Netherlands
Name	De Ruyter
Laid down	16 September 1933
Launched	11 March 1935
Commissioned	3 October 1936
Fate	Sunk by torpedo in the Java Sea 28 February 1942
General characteristics
Class and type	Unique light cruiser
Displacement	6,545 long tons (6,650 t) (standard)
Length	170.9 m (560 ft 8 in)
Beam	15.7 m (51 ft 6 in)
Draft	5.1 m (16 ft 9 in)
Installed power	66,000 shp (49,000 kW)
Propulsion	3 × Parsons geared steam turbines 6 × Yarrow boilers 2 × shafts
Speed	32 kn (59 km/h; 37 mph)
Range	6,800 nmi (12,600 km; 7,800 mi) at 12 kn (22 km/h; 14 mph)
Complement	435 max
Armament	7 × 150 mm (5.9 in) guns (3x2; 1x1) 10 × 40 mm (1.57 in) Bofors anti-aircraft guns (5x2) 8 × 12.7 mm (0.5 in) Browning machine guns
Armor	Belt: 5 cm (2.0 in) Deck: 3 cm (1.2 in) Turrets: 3 cm (1.2 in)
Aircraft carried	2 × Fokker C-11W floatplanes
Aviation facilities	1 × catapult

HNLMS De Ruyter (Template:Lang-nl) was a unique light cruiser of the Royal Netherlands Navy. She was originally designed as a 5,000 long tons (5,100 t) ship with a lighter armament due to financial problems and the pacifist movement. Later in the design stage, an extra gun turret was added and the armor was improved. She was the seventh ship of the Dutch Navy to be named after Admiral Michiel Adriaenszoon de Ruyter.

De Ruyter was laid down on 16 September 1933 at the Wilton-Fijenoord dockyard in Schiedam and commissioned on 3 October 1936, commanded by Captain A. C. van der Sande Lacoste. She was sunk in the Battle of the Java Sea in 1942.

Design

De Ruyter was designed during the Great Depression, which, in addition to being a period of economical depression, was also a period in which pacifism was widespread in the Netherlands. For these reasons, the design was officially called a flottieljeleider (flotilla leader) instead of a cruiser, and every effort was made to cut costs.

Its function was to aid the two existing cruisers of the Java class in the defence of the Dutch East Indies; the idea was that with three cruisers, there would always be two cruisers available, even if one cruiser had to be repaired.

However, due to the cost-cutting policy that went into her design, De Ruyter was not quite up to her task. Her main battery (7 × 150 mm guns) was underpowered in comparison to other light cruisers of the time (for example the British Leander class), and the class had inadequate armour as well and lacked long range anti-aircraft guns. However, her fire control system was excellent.

Service history

During World War II, De Ruyter saw repeated action in the Dutch East Indies in fruitless attempts to ward off the Japanese invasion. She was damaged by air attack in the battle of Bali Sea on 4 February 1942, but not seriously. She fought in the battle of Badung Strait on 18 February.

A port side view of De Ruyter at anchor, shortly before her loss in the Battle of the Java Sea.

In the Battle of the Java Sea on 27 February, De Ruyter was the flagship of the Dutch Rear-Admiral Karel Doorman, with his flag captain Eugène Lacomblé (who had previously served on board the ship as a lieutenant). Off the north coast off Java on the evening of the 27th the remains of the ABDA fleet was surprised by the Japanese heavy cruisers Nachi and Haguro. De Ruyter was hit by a single Type 93 torpedo fired by Haguro at about 23:30, and she sank at about 02:30 the next morning with the loss of 345 men, including Admiral Doorman and Captain Lacomblé. Her wreck was found after the war and declared a war grave, with only the ship's bell—now in the Kloosterkerk in the Hague—being recovered.

References

• van Oosten, Franz Christiaan. "Her Netherlands Majesty's Ship De Ruyter." In Profile Warship, edited by Anthony Preston, 73-96. Windsor: Profile Publishing, 1974. ISSN 1754-4459. OCLC 249170765.

External links

• Tabular record of movement
• De Ruyter-class cruiser