Haram (Yemen)
  Shown within Yemen | |
| Location | Yemen |
|---|---|
| Region | Al Jawf Governorate |
Ḥaram (Old South Arabian ḥrm-m, with mimation Ḥaramum) is an ancient city in the north of al-Jawf in modern-day Yemen, at about 1100 metres above sea level. It is bordered by the Yemen Highlands to the north, in the west by the ancient Kaminahu (present day Kamna), in the east by the ancient Qarnāwu (modern Ma'īn) and in the south by the Ghayl, otherwise known as the village of al-Ḥazm.
In early times Ḥaram was a city state, which however by the early 7th century BCE (according to the so-called “Long Chronology”) was already a vassal of the Kingdom of Saba’ to the south and of its ruler Karab El Watar. During the war of Saba’ against Awsān and the city states of Nashan and Nashq, the Ḥaramite king Yadhmurmalik supported Saba’ with an army under the leadership of one General Hanba from the clan of Naʿman.[1] It is from this time that the temple of Banāt ‘Ād dates, it is situated in front of the gates of Ḥaram, and contains many dedicatory inscriptions, including some to the Ḥaramite god Mutibbnatyan.[1] At the time of the founding of the Kingdom of Ma’īn at the latest, the capital of which, Qarnāwu, was only 6 kilometers away, Ḥaram lost its importance. After the end of the Minaean Kingdom, it regained its importance for a while under Sabaean rule. It is not clear just when Ḥaram was abandoned.
Kings of Haram
The order of succession is mostly unknown.[2]
- Yadhmurmalik along with Watar'il
- Yadhmurmalik along with Bi'athtar (allied to Karib'il Watar I., um 685 v. Chr.)
- Watar'il
- Yaschhurmalik Nabat (?)
- Watar'il Dharihan, son of Yadhmurmalik
- Yuhar'il (?)
- Ma'adkarib Raydan, son of Hwtrʿṯt
References
- ^ a b Walter W. Müller (Hrsg.) / Hermann von Wissmann: Die Geschichte von Sabaʾ II. Das Grossreich der Sabäer bis zu seinem Ende im frühen 4. Jh. v. Chr. (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-historische Klasse. Sitzungsberichte, Vol. 402) Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, Vienna 1982. ISBN 3700105169
- ^ For details see: K. A. Kitchen: Documentation for Ancient Arabia I, Liverpool 1994, pp. 113-114, 181-182 ISBN 0-85323-359-4