Harpalinae
| Harpalinae | |
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| Undetermined Harpalinae species | |
| Scientific classification | |
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| Subfamily: | Harpalinae Bonelli, 1810
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| Supertribes | |
Harpalinae is a huge subfamily of ground beetles that contains 20,000 species [citation needed]. A rarely used common name for the subfamily is the harp beetles [citation needed]. The Harpalinae contain the most apomorphic ground beetles, displaying a wide range of forms and behaviors. Some are, rare among ground beetles, omnivores or even herbivores.
Many closely related subfamilies have been treated as subordinate taxa of the Harpalinae by various authors. Among these are the Dryptinae, Lebiinae (including Cyclosominae, Mormolycinae, Odacanthinae, Perigoninae), Licininae (including Chlaeniinae, Oodinae), Orthogoniinae, Panagaeinae, Platyninae, Pseudomorphinae, Pterostichinae (including Zabrinae). Here, they are considered independent families within the harpaline (sensu lato) assemblage, and this is also tentatively assumed for the enigmatic monotypic genus Ginema.
Systematics
At least 4 large and several smaller supertribes can be distinguished. The former "Pterostichitae" on the other hand seem to be, as presently delimited, a paraphyletic assemblage, but probably also contains a number of tribes closer to each other than to other Harpalinae. The clade around the type genus Pterostichus is thus recognized as subfamily Pterostichinae here.[1]
Genera
The Harpalinae include the following genera:[2][verification needed]
- Acinopus Dejean, 1821
- Acupalpus Latreille, 1829
- Afromizonus Basilewsky, 1947
- Agonidus Casey, 1914
- Allendia Noonan, 1974
- Allocinopus Broun, 1903
- Allosiopelus Ito, 1995
- Amblygnathus Dejean, 1829
- Amblystomus Erichson, 1837
- Amerinus Casey, 1884
- Amphasia Newman, 1836
- Angionychus Klug, 1853
- Anisocnemus Chaudoir, 1843
- Anisodactylus Dejean, 1829
- Anisostichus Emden, 1953
- Anomostomus Laferte-Senectere, 1853
- Anthracus Motschulsky, 1850
- Athrostictus Bates, 1878
- Axinotoma Dejean, 1829
- Aztecarpalus Ball, 1970
- Barysomus Dejean, 1829
- Batoscelis Dejean, 1836
- Bleusea Bedel, 1897
- Boeomimetes Peringuey, 1896
- Bottchrus Jedlicka, 1935
- Bradybaenus Dejean, 1829
- Bradycellus Erichson, 1837
- Bradycidus Casey, 1914
- Bronislavia Semenov, 1891
- Carenochyrus Solsky, 1874
- Carterus Dejean, 1830
- Cenogmus Sloane, 1898
- Chilotomus Chaudoir, 1842
- Chydaeus Chaudoir, 1854
- Coleolissus Bates, 1892
- Crasodactylus Guerin-Meneville, 1847
- Cratacanthus Dejean, 1829
- Cratognathus Dejean, 1829
- Cratosoma Jeannel, 1948
- Criniventer van Emdem, 1953
- Cyptomicrus Vinson, 1939
- Daptus Fischer von Waldheim, 1823
- Diachromus Erichson, 1837
- Dicheirotrichus Jacqelin du Val, 1857 (including Trichocellus)
- Dicheirus Mannerheim, 1843
- Dioryche W.S. MacLeay, 1825
- Discoderus LeConte, 1853
- Ditomus Bonelli, 1810
- Dixus Billberg, 1820
- Dregus Motscheisky, 1864
- Ectinothorax Alluaud, 1941
- Egadyla Alluaud, 1916
- Eocarterus Stichel, 1923
- Eriophonus Tschitscherine, 1901
- Eucarterus Reitter, 1900
- Euryderus LeConte, 1846
- Euthenarus Bates, 1874
- Gaioxenus Broun 1910
- Geodromus Dejean, 1829
- Geopinus LeConte, 1848
- Gnathaphanus W.S. MacLeay, 1825
- Goniocellus Casey, 1914
- Graniger Motschulsky, 1864
- Gugheorites Basilewsky, 1951
- Gynandromorphus Dejean, 1829
- Hakaharpalus Larochelle & Lariviere, 2005
- Haplaner Chaudoir, 1878
- Haplanister Moore, 1996
- Harpalinus Jeannel, 1946
- Harpalobrachys Tschitscherine, 1899
- Harpalodiodes Bousquet, 2002
- Harpalomimetes Schauberger, 1933
- Harpalomorphus Peringuey, 1896
- Harpalus Latreille, 1802 (including Harpalobrachys)
- Harpathaumas Basilewsky, 1947
- Harponixus Basilewsky, 1950
- Hartonymus Casey, 1914
- Hemiaulax Bates, 1892
- Heteracantha Brulle, 1834
- Hippoloetis Laporte, 1835
- Hyphaereon W.S. MacLeay, 1825
- Hypharpax W.S. McLeay, 1825
- Idiomelas Tschitscherine, 1900
- Indiophonus N.Ito, 1996
- Kaffovatus Clarke, 1972
- Kenyacus Alluaud, 1917
- Kiwiharpalus Larochelle & Lariviere, 2005
- Kupeharpalus Larochelle & Lariviere, 2005
- Lecanomerus Chaudoir, 1850
- Liochirus Tschitscherine, 1897
- Liodaptus Bates, 1889
- Lioholus Tschitscherine, 1897
- Loxoncus Schmidt-Gobel, 1846
- Machozetus Chaudoir, 1850
- Maoriharpalus Larochelle & Lariviere, 2005
- Meroctenus Gemminger et Harold, 1868
- Microderes Faldermann, 1836
- Nemaglossa Solier, 1849
- Neoaulacoryssus Noonan, 1985
- Neodiachipteryx Noonan, 1985
- Neohyparpalus Clarke, 1981
- Neophygas Noonan, 1976
- Nesarpalus Bedel, 1897
- Nipponoharpalus Habu, 1973
- Nornalupia Kataev, 2002
- Nothodaptus Maindron, 1906
- Notiobia Perty, 1830
- Notospeophonus Moore, 1962
- Odontocarus Solier, 1835
- Oedesis Motschulsky, 1850
- Oesyperus Andrewes, 1923
- Omostropus Peringuey, 1896
- Ooidius Chaudoir, 1847
- Oosoma Nietner, 1857
- Ophoniscus Bates, 1892
- Ophonus Dejean, 1821
- Orthogenium Chaudoir, 1835
- Oxycentrus Chaudoir, 1854
- Pachycarus Solier, 1835
- Pachytrachelus Chaudoir, 1852
- Panagrius Andrewes, 1933
- Pangus Dejean, 1821
- Parabaris Broun, 1881
- Paramecus Dejean, 1829
- Parasiopelus Basilewsky, 1950
- Paregaploa Muller, 1947
- Parophonus Ganglbauer, [1891]
- Paulianoscirtus Basilewsky, 1976
- Pelmatellus Bates, 1882
- Penthophonus Reitter, 1900
- Penthus Chaudoir, 1843
- Phanagnathus Basilewsky, 1950
- Phobophorus Motschulsky, 1850
- Pholeodytes Britton, 1962
- Phorticosomus Shaum, 1863
- Phyrometus Basilewsky, 1946
- Piosoma LeConte, 1848
- Platymetopsis Ball et Maddison, 1987
- Platymetopus Dejean, 1829
- Pogonodaptus Horn, 1881
- Polpochila Solier, 1849
- Prakasha Andrewes, 1919
- Proditomus Schauberger, 1934
- Progonochaetus J. Muller, 1938
- Pseudanisotarsus Noonan, 1973
- Pseudaristus Reitter, 1900
- Pseudodiachipteryx Burgeon, 1936
- Pseudognathaphanus Schauberger, 1932
- Pseudohyparpalus Basilewsky, 1946
- Pseudorhysopus Kataev et Wrase, 2001
- Pseudoselenophorus Peringuey, 1896
- Psychristus Andrewes, 1930
- Rhabidius Basilewsky, 1948
- Rhysopus Andrewes, 1929
- Scybalicus Schaum, 1862
- Selenophorus Dejean, 1831
- Selenotichnus Kataev, 1999
- Siopelus Murray, 1859
- Stenolophidius Jeannel, 1948
- Stenolophus Dejean, 1821
- Stenomorphus Dejean, 1831
- Syllectus Bates, 1878
- Trachysarus Reed, 1874
- Trichopselaphus Chaudoir, 1843
- Trichotichnus A.Morawitz, 1863
- Trichoxycentrus N. Ito, 2000
- Triplosarus Bates, 1874
- Tropicoritus Alluaud, 1917
- Tschitscherinellus Csiki, 1906
- Tuiharpalus Larochelle & Lariviere, 2005
- Typsiharpalus Tschitscherine, 1901
- Uenanthracus Kasahara, 1994
- Veradia Castelnau, 1867
- Xenodochus Andrewes, 1941
- Xenophonus Muller, 1942
- Xestonotus LeConte, 1853
References
- Carabidae of the World Database (CWD) (2008): Trees of family Carabidae. Retrieved 2008-JUL-24.
- ^ CWD (2008)
- ^ "Harpalinae Bonelli, 1810". Carabidae of the World. 2012. Retrieved 11 Nov 2012.